龐云泰：我為家族遷徙編家譜

孫侃

杭州的城中村改造工程正如火如荼。按照城中村改造方案，至2020年，杭州主城區(qū)的246個(gè)村將華麗轉(zhuǎn)身為“配套完善、生活便利、環(huán)境優(yōu)美、管理有序”的“都市新區(qū)”。龐云泰，一位出生于1954年的杭州鐵路系統(tǒng)職工，他精心編印的家譜，正是通過(guò)家族遷徙史，折射出這場(chǎng)史無(wú)前例的城市嬗變，成為一份社會(huì)變遷和發(fā)展的珍貴記錄。

曾祖父留下的老四合院曾是家族驕傲

包括龐云泰在內(nèi)的龐家，向來(lái)是個(gè)大家族，原先居住在今杭州市下城區(qū)文暉街道堯典橋。堯典橋是個(gè)具有千年歷史的杭州郊外古鎮(zhèn)，以織綢聞名四鄉(xiāng)。龐云泰的曾祖父龐盛鼎創(chuàng)辦織綢作坊，所生產(chǎn)的“龐盛鼎”綢緞質(zhì)量可靠，當(dāng)年在杭州各個(gè)綢緞收購(gòu)行是免檢的，其品牌與“都錦生”屬同一個(gè)檔次。發(fā)家后，龐盛鼎在堯典橋建起了一座頗具規(guī)模的四合院，其中有9椽正屋六大間，三大間各放了一臺(tái)織綢機(jī)，另三大間里設(shè)了廳堂、臥房等。由于堯典橋緊靠滬杭鐵路，作為戰(zhàn)略要沖的165號(hào)鐵路橋就在古鎮(zhèn)邊上。抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期，古鎮(zhèn)難逃戰(zhàn)火厄運(yùn)，龐盛鼎及后人不得不暫時(shí)把它拆除，房梁椽子都編上號(hào)，藏在別處，直至新中國(guó)成立后的1951年，又在堯典橋老宅基地上重建。

“可以說(shuō)，這棟老四合院是我們家族的驕傲，我母親等龐氏家族的很多人都在這房子里長(zhǎng)大。所以到了1976年，當(dāng)老四合院已經(jīng)破舊，為了改善居住條件，我們不得不拆了這棟房子，但依然把它的部分房梁椽子用上?！饼嬙铺└嬖V筆者，那部龐氏家譜的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，正是圍繞著這棟四合院而展開。

1975年，為了艮山門鐵路編組站擴(kuò)建，堯典橋的1000畝土地被征用，龐云泰和他的母親、妻子、大妹妹陸續(xù)以土地征用工的身份進(jìn)入了鐵路系統(tǒng)，父親則進(jìn)了杭州縫紉機(jī)廠。但他們的私房仍在農(nóng)村，與土地的關(guān)系依然密切。次年，23歲的龐云泰第一次自建了住房，且是兩層小樓，建房時(shí)的圖紙還是他自己設(shè)計(jì)的。

這樣一棟兩層樓房，只花了一個(gè)月就造好了，因?yàn)橛杏H戚、鄰居，甚至村支書等200多個(gè)人來(lái)幫忙?！半m然只是我們家建房，大家都來(lái)幫忙，干活還都不要工錢，吃個(gè)飯就行，所以我們家?guī)缀趺刻於奸_流水席?！饼嬙铺┯淇斓鼗貞洝?/p>

一次次征收遷建，懷想和鄉(xiāng)愁依然

1986年10月，考慮到兩層小樓已顯破舊，且地基過(guò)低，地面又是用石灰渣等簡(jiǎn)易鋪就的，容易還潮，與雙親同住也相對(duì)較擠，龐云泰便把這小樓推倒，用水泥預(yù)制板墊高地基，兩層樓改建成了三層樓?！斑@便是我的第二次建房。我愛養(yǎng)花，院子里種了40多種花木，連小游泳池上方也有一個(gè)花壇，春天時(shí)迎春花從上面掛下來(lái)，煞是好看。我還壘了個(gè)被我命名為‘邀月壇的土臺(tái)，每當(dāng)月圓之時(shí)，坐在那兒賞月，很有詩(shī)意?！?/p>

城市發(fā)展速度極快，離市中心相對(duì)偏僻的堯典橋一帶，也愈發(fā)熱鬧起來(lái)，很多外來(lái)打工者紛紛在此租房。龐家看準(zhǔn)了這一時(shí)機(jī)，利用后院的200多平方米空地，建起了一排兩層的輔助用房，主要用于出租，這算是龐云泰的第三次建房了。

然而到了1998年下半年，堯典橋一帶又要征地了。原來(lái)城站擴(kuò)建需要拆遷，那邊的拆遷戶將安置到三里亭，三里亭就要造小區(qū)，而堯典橋與三里亭小區(qū)南區(qū)只有一路之隔，包括龐家在內(nèi)的13戶人家得搬遷。“我們家里很多人都是鐵路系統(tǒng)的，這回征遷還與鐵路建設(shè)工程有關(guān)，我們當(dāng)然得無(wú)條件配合。記得那天晚上，我剛想著去說(shuō)服母親，她反而對(duì)我說(shuō)，要拆房的事你不用說(shuō)了，我說(shuō)不定比你還明白道理。”面對(duì)顧全大局、深明大義的母親，龐云泰唯有佩服。

重新安排的宅基地距剛拆的房子只150米左右。為了盡早交房交地，龐云泰又自己動(dòng)手設(shè)計(jì)圖紙，快快籌劃建房，于1999年完成了第四次建房。與前幾次建房不同，那完全是一棟別墅式的農(nóng)居房，包括那個(gè)半地下室在內(nèi)，一共有五層。餐廳有30多個(gè)平方，臥室、客廳就更大了，屋前還有七八十平方米院子。考慮到自用和出租兩個(gè)功能，他特意設(shè)計(jì)了室外分叉式樓梯，以使自用部分與出租部分合理分開。沒(méi)想到，這棟他“設(shè)計(jì)建造得最完美的五層農(nóng)家別墅”只居住了3年左右，又因三里亭小區(qū)北區(qū)建設(shè)之需，在2003年被征收和拆除。

“騰空拆除的前一天，我母親獨(dú)自來(lái)到4樓那間帶陽(yáng)臺(tái)的大客廳，這是這棟樓最漂亮的地方，呆呆地在沙發(fā)上坐了三個(gè)小時(shí)，一聲不吭。我上樓去看她，她也沒(méi)有理我，只是不停地嘆息?；司薮笮难ㄔ斓姆孔泳鸵徊鸬?，心疼是人之常情。我還知道母親呆坐的另外一個(gè)原因，是要離開堯典橋了。前面幾回我們建房拆房，終歸是在祖居地，現(xiàn)在就要徹底與故土告別，對(duì)老人來(lái)說(shuō)更加難舍?！饼嬙铺?duì)筆者說(shuō)，或許就是在看著呆坐在那兒的母親之時(shí)，他心里涌起了編寫一本堯典橋龐家家譜的念頭。

城中村改造換來(lái)村莊重生和城市發(fā)展

離開堯典橋祖居地之后，龐家被安置在文暉街道勝利社區(qū)長(zhǎng)木橋附近的蠶廟里，蠶廟里與堯典橋雖同屬一個(gè)行政村，卻相距較遠(yuǎn)，中間還隔著滬杭鐵路、德勝高架，在好多人心目中，它們幾乎就是兩個(gè)地方?！霸谛Q廟里建房，便是我的第五次建房了。盡管由于地塊等因素，沒(méi)有建得像堯典橋五層別墅那樣豪華漂亮，但舒適度和美觀度還是很高的。我由于再次發(fā)揮了精心設(shè)計(jì)、精打細(xì)算的專長(zhǎng)，建了房后，補(bǔ)償過(guò)渡費(fèi)還多出50萬(wàn)。我們買了一輛寶來(lái)轎車，還買了30萬(wàn)左右的某銀行原始股。這原始股如今已漲了很多倍，說(shuō)我們家已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了小康社會(huì)，那是肯定的，而且已是高水平的小康社會(huì)了?！饼嬙铺┬ρ?。

接下來(lái)的拆遷經(jīng)歷，就是這回的全杭州城中村改造了，所有農(nóng)居房都得拆遷改造，包括蠶廟里自然村在內(nèi)的長(zhǎng)木橋、沈家、草庵三個(gè)行政村列入了2017年下城區(qū)“三村改造”范圍?？蛇@一回，龐家上下特別能接受這一現(xiàn)實(shí)，一是因?yàn)檫@次城中村改造、房屋征收的補(bǔ)償政策特別優(yōu)惠，把征遷戶的困難都考慮到了，工作做得也非常暖心；二是大家多多少少也有預(yù)感，蠶廟里的這棟房子已建了10多年了，比前面幾棟用的時(shí)間都要長(zhǎng)，征遷在情理之中。endprint

事實(shí)上，對(duì)這次杭州城中村改造，農(nóng)居房主人們普遍支持。雖然農(nóng)居房的面積相對(duì)較大，多余的房間可以拿來(lái)出租，很多人的出租房收益還很不錯(cuò)，但城中村畢竟不符合城市發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，也有礙生活品質(zhì)的提升?！癎20杭州峰會(huì)前夕，我參加了村黨支部組織的衛(wèi)生整治義務(wù)勞動(dòng)，光是從蠶廟里清理出來(lái)的破家具，就堆了幾大堆……城市化改造如同鳳凰涅槃，沒(méi)有這痛苦的蛻變，哪來(lái)重生和發(fā)展？”龐云泰深有感觸。

在40多年的時(shí)間里，龐云泰經(jīng)歷了三次征遷、五次建房，還不包括回遷房安置，私房建造遷徙之頻繁，這樣的經(jīng)歷或許在全杭州也是罕有的。他的故事是杭州城市迅猛發(fā)展的縮影，城中村改造的歷程也值得載入城市發(fā)展史冊(cè)，而對(duì)他個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他想記載下來(lái)、留給后輩的，則是家族的繁衍、變遷、發(fā)展史，尤其是記錄下龐家這幾十年的居址遷徙、拆遷建房過(guò)程，龐氏家族在新時(shí)代的奮斗和奉獻(xiàn)精神，這絕對(duì)是有意義的。

自編家譜只是為了記錄珍貴歷史

前文已有所述，早在10多年前，龐云泰就已萌生編一部龐氏家譜的想法，并著手收集相關(guān)資料。2014年從鐵路工作崗位退休后，他便有更多的時(shí)間用于收集和整理資料。這部家譜的重點(diǎn)是堯典橋時(shí)期前后的家族史。從清朝道光年間，原先住在杭州城東鯉魚堂（今機(jī)神村）的祖先龐去原，去艮山門外堯典橋一帶割野菜，與當(dāng)?shù)胤郊遗畠合嘧R(shí)，兩人成婚后龐去原移居至堯典橋，到2003年因房屋征遷，龐家搬離，龐氏家族在堯典橋繁衍生息近170年。堯典橋的老四合院沒(méi)了，連蠶廟里的房子都拆了，原先住在一起的家族也漸漸分散了，編家譜的事情就更急、更有必要了。

編家譜可不是一件輕松的事，龐云泰笑著對(duì)筆者說(shuō)，這比我以前在鐵路上扳軌道、跳火車，以及核算賬目不見得容易，必須極其耐心。他聽母親和小爺爺、堂叔等長(zhǎng)輩一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)回憶以前的事，哪怕片言只語(yǔ)也不放過(guò)。40多年沒(méi)聯(lián)系的龐家親戚都被他一個(gè)個(gè)重新聯(lián)系上，還要掘地三尺般查找珍貴資料，“更要弄清楚的是每個(gè)家族成員的姓名、出生年月、輩份、關(guān)系和主要成就，每件大事也都要寫清楚來(lái)龍去脈。家譜記載有誤，怎能留給后人？”

這部《杭州堯典橋龐家家譜》終于在2017年9月編印完成，雖與正規(guī)的家譜相比，在體例等方面有所差異，還是家族內(nèi)部印刷收藏的，但家族成員們認(rèn)為，它與龐氏家族的特點(diǎn)是相符的。在結(jié)構(gòu)上，它分為序言、龐姓起源、龐氏文稿集、龐氏世系人物介紹、龐氏家譜目錄、龐氏家傳等12個(gè)部分；在內(nèi)容上，記錄了堯典橋龐氏前后八代150余人、近170年的家族遷徙、變化和發(fā)展，還插入了不少手繪地圖等圖表。7萬(wàn)多字，200多頁(yè)，每一個(gè)字、每一頁(yè)都凝聚了龐云泰和親戚們的心血，凝聚了對(duì)先輩的尊崇、對(duì)家族的摯愛，對(duì)后人的期望。

如今，先前的堯典里那一片早已成了環(huán)境優(yōu)美的居民小區(qū)，蠶廟里一帶的農(nóng)居房也已拆平，龐云泰來(lái)到那里，看到的只有瓦礫，和蓋在瓦礫上的篷布。據(jù)說(shuō)過(guò)不了多久，大型建筑設(shè)備就將在此出現(xiàn)，寬闊的道路、漂亮的公園、舒適的居民小區(qū)的落成指日可待。城市的發(fā)展越來(lái)越快，這很鼓舞人心。龐云泰反復(fù)對(duì)筆者說(shuō)，過(guò)分戀舊是沒(méi)必要的，但保留一份昔日的懷想、一份鄉(xiāng)愁，依然是一件值得做的事。就像他現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常打開家譜、打開相冊(cè)，一遍遍細(xì)看記錄了五次建房歷史的珍貴照片，心里涌起的是感慨和自豪。

Pang Yuntai， a retiree who used to work for the citys railway system， has kept a complete file of the houses his family has owned and built over the past decades and put together a family pedigree. The pedigree， in over 200 pages and 70，000 words and some manually made maps and charts， not only relates the family tree featuring the 150 plus members of the Pang family in eight generations that lived in Yaodianqiao， Hangzhou in the past 170 years， but also chronicles the citys major changes the family has witnessed.

The Pang family lived at Yaodianqiao， an ancient town in rural Hangzhou for a long time. Now a part of downtown Hangzhou， Yaodianqiao used to be a silk production center. Pang Yuntais great grandfather operated a silk-weaving business and made a fortune. He built a spacious courtyard house. During Chinas resistance war against Japanese aggression， the family had to dismantle the house brick by brick， as the house was situated near Number 165 Iron Bridge on Hangzhou-Shanghai railroad， a strategic location. All the wood building blocks were numbered and stored in a hiding place. It was not until 1951， two years after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China， that the courtyard residence was rebuilt again on the original site.endprint

In 1975， 22-year-old Pang Yuntai experienced the first urban sprawl of Hangzhou that had an impact on his life. The Genshan Gate Railway Station， a freight depot， expanded. Part of Yaodianqiao was requisitioned. Pang Yuntai， his parents， his wife， and his sister got job offers from the government as part of the compensation package. In 1976， the old house was pulled down for the second time and a new two-story house was built on the site. Pang Yuntai designed the whole house. The whole village came to help. It was a happy occasion for everyone in the village. They helped free of charge. The Pang family provided the helpers with free meals.

In October 1986， the house was refurbished. It became a three-story structure. As a railway station worker， he was allowed to purchase cement， leftovers from loading and unloading at the freight depot and accumulated over years by the station. He also built a small swimming pool and a flower garden in the courtyard. As more and more migrant workers came to the city to make a living and need to find someplace to stay， Pang Yuntai built a long two-story house on a 200-m2 plot in the backyard. He rented the space out.

In the second half of 1998， 13 families in Yaodianqiao needed to move and make room for a housing development project to provide new homes for people relocated for the expansion project of the Chengzhan Railway Station. Pang Yuntais family was one of the 13. It was a railway-related project. Pang and her mother understood perfectly. They were willing to move.

A new house site was only about 150 meters from the old site. Pang Yuntai designed the new house. This time， he built a five-story villa-style structure with an 80-m2 front yard.

In 2003， the citys sprawl caught up with him again. This time， her mother was most reluctant to move out. One day before the deadline， her mother walked up to the large sitting room with a big veranda on the fourth floor and sat there sighing for three hours. Pang Yuntai understood. The new house was so good that to dismantle it would be a huge waste. Moreover， this time they would move away from Yaodianqiao， a place where she had been all her adult life and where his ancestors lived. At that sad moment， he first had the idea of putting together a family pedigree for all the Pangs who had lived at Yaodianqiao.

So Pang Yuntai designed and built his fifth house. After the building expenses and costs， he had about 500，000 in cash left from the compensation package. With the money， he bought a car and invested the rest into the initial stocks of a bank.endprint

In 2017， he has been notified of the next relocation. All the village houses surrounded by the fast urbanization will be dismantled for comprehensive redevelopment under the citys general urban planning， which means Yaodianqiao is to cease to exist administratively forever as a rural village. This time， Pang Yuntai and his family most willingly embrace the latest development： they are handsomely compensated and their houses， after all， are old again.

Pang Yuntai retired in 2014. Now he had time to carry out the family pedigree project which had been on his mind for more than ten years. To get information， he talked with his mother， his youngest grandpa， and uncles， and made careful notes. He located those relatives which hadnt been in contact for more than 40 years. He made sure all the information was accurate and clear and complete.

In September 2017， the finalized family pedigree was printed. Copies have been issued to all the Pang families related to Yaodianqiao. Though it does not conform strictly to the usual format of a traditional pedigree， it has everything that pleases the Pang family members and relatives. They agree that the pedigree helps to hold the family together and uphold the virtues that have carried the family forward in the past 170 years.endprint