A Study on the Black Humor of“Catch—22”based on the Language Perspective

Zhang+Pei+Pei

Abstract：In this paper，Take the United States black humor representative of the“twenty-second military regulations” as an example，Which analysis of art.that explain the black humor and the color of the artistic style of this novel which showing the bitterness and pain caused by the social reality changes after World War II.People use black humor to express the helplessness and helplessness of life.There is a profound inspiration in ridicule.

Key words：language perspective；“Catch-22”；black humor

1 Intruduction

Joseph Heller，contemporary American writer，his famous“Catch-22”publication which make black humor become the 60s American novel mainstream culture.This exotic novel is known as the classic work of American contemporary literature，the representative of black humor.The life under the bureaucrats described in the novel，the life of the soldier is desperate，meaningless，and only to the mercy of the army，and the author is in the midst of the shamelessness of the ruling class，Their actions are positive，but the same criticism.Humor is the most prominent feature of the characters and works of American literature.The black humor art in American literature is refreshing in a novel style.

1.1 Definition of humor

Humor is a common phenomenon in interpersonal communication，it can regulate the atmosphere，slow down the pressure，repair and closer to the relationship between people，is transcendent and joking，humor is an attitude.

1.2 the theory of humor

The study of humor has a long history，represented by Plato，Aristotle and Hobbes.They think that humor arises from peoples sense of superiority to others，the mischief and mischief of others，humor is used to relieve tension or cope with difficulties or distress in communication，humor is absurd，unexpected，and Uncoordinated context based on the generated.

1.3 The humorous view of language

Rhetorical point of view They regard humor as a rhetoric in language use.2.Pragmatic perspective.One or both of the communicative parties have intentionally or unintentionally violated one（or several）of the principles of cooperation，leading to inconsistencies between the subjective intentions of the speaker and the objective effect，resulting in humor.3 humor of the release of humor as a result of stress，struggle or tension arising from the spirit，nerve or psychological ability to vent a way.

1.4 The humor of language perspective

Humor language is the embodiment of the speakers ability to use the language，but also the wisdom of the speaker Ming Min wisdom，reflects a persons ability to use language，with a speech to indirectly complete another speech act.According to the specific context of the time from the literal meaning of the hidden outside the text hidden in other intentions，in real life is often someone only listen to or understand its surface meaning that“out of context”，or the meaning of the understanding is not the speaker to express Meaning，then often produce a humorous effect.

1.5 Black humor

At that time the material life of the United States was quite prosperous，but it was another era of turmoil.Crazy society and magical reality to the American spirit of stimulation is strong，which brought together into a culture of American traditional culture.Black humor is also in this crazy society and crazy background generated.Black humor literature originated in the United States in the sixties，through the absurdity of the rational world to show the rationality of their own contradictions and ridiculous，black humor is a fictional writer commonly used art means，is an absurd unique way.Black humor representative writer is Joseph.Heller，his famous work“Twenty-second military regulations”has been hailed as the representative of the United States black humor.Different writers use this term to express complex humor：grotesque，gallows，dead horror，morbid，obscene，cosmic，ironic，mocking，absurd，or all kinds of complex body.Anti-optimism is considered to be the iconic approach of the Eisenhower era and the Kennedy era.And black humor writers for the United States after World War II joy and omnipotent feeling to form a skeptical view.The work shows the artistic characteristics of black humor as a writing technique，that is，the unique writing mode it creates and the psychological shock to the reader.

1.6 Black humor of Catch-22

This novel，based on World War II，describes the American Air Force Base in Elba Island，the bombing of the hand Yusuo Lin because of comrades killed and war on the fear，in order to preserve their lives regardless of military regulations，to make crazy efforts to escape Flight mission，and finally fled to Sweden.This novel with its unique style to create a black humor precedent，Heller has become a black humor spokesperson.

1.6.1 Black humor Art features one of the performance：a strong psychological shock and emotional shock

Absurd rather than nothingness，disappointment rather than despair，bitter music，is the new spirit of humor development，is the spirit of black humor.Heller's famous novel“twenty-second military regulations”in the twenty-second military regulations is such a funny，absurd but there are paradoxes.The military regulations stipulate that if a pilot is crazy to be exempt from flight，but must be the pilot himself to apply，and once the pilot to apply，it proves that the pilot has a clear understanding of the risk of flight，they can not be exempted from flying.At the same time，the military regulations in a pilot flying over 25 times will be able to return home，but the premise must be absolutely obey orders，otherwise they can not return home.So the higher will continue to increase the number of flights，but the pilot can not defy，and then，until the sacrifice.The text for this so-called logical but very ridiculous military regulations description is a whistle as a conclusion.In this whistle，the reader can be issued by the desperate，helpless smile.

1.6.2 Black humor Artistic performance of the two：free plot，loose structure

1.6.2.1 The Narrative Structure of“Anti - fiction”

One of the most prominent features of the novel in art is to arrange the story of the novel in the narrative structure of“anti-fiction”and show a selfish，greedy，hypocritical，deceptive，Tyrannical，cruel，fornication and crazy real life.It is measured in terms of traditional ideas（article 22），which seems to be unorganized.But as many critics have noted，there is indeed a unity of structure under the chaos of the novel，but this distinction is uniform and traditional.Jane Solomon argues that the book contains two cross-structured clues，in which the part of the novel centered on Yusuo-lin is the psychological time，and the part of the Merlot-centered part is written in the order of the events.The two structures are separated，each has a relatively clear context，but the cross，it gives a feeling of chaos.Which part of the trunk of the novel is the trunk of the novel，describing the hero Yusuo Lin in a chaotic，absurd terror.

1.6.2.2 repeat the plot

In the novel，the chronological order is upside down，and the main episodes of many episodes appear only once and so on，and then are repeated in the later chapters，until the end，the whole process of the whole event is understood.The novel begins with the middle of the story，and as the plot continues to develop，the events of the past show in front of the reader.

1.6.3 Blurred illiteracy，chaos of logic

1.6.3.1 The logical confusion of words and phrases

Heller replaced some of the individual words and phrases in the same sentence before and after the content of the opposite，to create a large number of unexpected，inexplicable self-contradictory sentence.Heller also deliberately created some ambiguous expression of his meaning，his language gives the feeling is always desperately clear but always also do not know，the novel，this kind of vague negative a lot，and sometimes even a sentence Double or even triple negligible negation.

1.6.3.2 repetition of words and phrases

The use of unusually complex sentences is also a major feature of this novel，in a complex sentence appeared in a large number of clauses and phrases，but these clauses and phrases are either irrelevant，or from the subject miles.The novel describes the weird pilots Mike Watt said he feet with wool bedroom slippers，dressed in red pajamas，sleeping on the newly ironing colored sheets，like Maroo from the darling of the dessert with the teeth of the laughter with no Yusuo Lin there borrowed a scarred date for the same.

1.6.4 “Desperate comedy” form of humorous style

Novels in the tragic joy and mention，“twenty-second military regulations”to write hi，exaggerated to the absurd point，with a typical black humor style.This is first manifested in the writersirony-based artistic conception，since the world is absurd，then true and false，good and evil，beauty and ugliness have lost the normal standard，the writer is not normal things to write，so incredible things Become reasonable，and all the normal things seem ridiculous，so that the absurd world is full of a sense of humor.

2 Conclusion

Heller used the black humor of the artistic approach，the tragic things placed in the comedy atmosphere，by describing the absurdity and madness of the war，showing the reality of social irrational and human distortion，hidden in the laughter With a profound inspiration for life.

References：

[1][US]Joseph Heller，Yang 恝 translated：“the twenty-second military regulations”，translated Lin Publishing House，1999.

[2]Liu Ping.Study on linguistic research of speech humor[J].Journal of Xiangtan University，2005，（5）：152-153.

[3]Author：Zhang pei pei，female，master .Research direction：Anglo-American literature.