匠人匠心：首屆中國匠人大會

梓里

2017年7月22日，首屆中國匠人大會在杭州云棲小鎮(zhèn)舉行，來自全國各地的近千名優(yōu)秀匠人云集杭州，以“匠心致未來”為主題，暢談匠人匠心。

大會發(fā)布了一份名為《中國匠人電商生態(tài)觀察》的報告，說，基于匠人手作電商平臺“東家”的數(shù)據(jù)分析，中國80后、90后手工藝從業(yè)者占比達(dá)到了60%。越來越多的青年群體展現(xiàn)出了對傳統(tǒng)手工藝的認(rèn)同，并將其作為職業(yè)選擇。

傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代碰撞催生“新一線文化城市”

在生態(tài)觀察中，杭州在國內(nèi)匠人作品成交最活躍城市中排行首位。

杭州是中國歷史文化名城，也是重要的風(fēng)景旅游勝地。2016年G20杭州峰會的成功舉辦，將杭州推向了世界舞臺的中心。此前多年來，杭州搶抓發(fā)展機(jī)遇，大力推動文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，2016年杭州在這方面的產(chǎn)值增加達(dá)到2541億元，占全市GDP的比重為23%。

杭州工藝與民間藝術(shù)門類眾多，有絲綢、茶葉、陶瓷等20多個門類，近千個品種。2012年，杭州作為中國首個工藝與民間藝術(shù)之都，加入聯(lián)合國科教文組織的全球創(chuàng)意城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加快了工藝和民間藝術(shù)的建設(shè)。難能可貴的是，杭州一直以來十分重視傳統(tǒng)文化的傳承和保護(hù)，自2013年起，每年安排專項資金，用于帶徒學(xué)藝計劃，同時也十分重視傳統(tǒng)工藝的創(chuàng)新和再創(chuàng)造，以杭州制造、中國故事等為載體，融入當(dāng)代設(shè)計理念，從新的角度延伸內(nèi)涵，由此涌現(xiàn)出了一大批具有代表意義的杭州匠人。

與杭州相同，近年來不少曾經(jīng)的非一線文化城市也綻放出了驚人的活力。由于傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)區(qū)擁有豐富的原料資源和相對成熟的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條及人才優(yōu)勢，不少新銳設(shè)計師和文化創(chuàng)意品牌紛紛在那里集聚，像盛產(chǎn)瓷器的景德鎮(zhèn)、宜興、許昌、南平，盛產(chǎn)木雕的莆田等地，均入選互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一線城市TOP20。

在這些傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶中，出現(xiàn)不少創(chuàng)新的電商“玩法”。東家平臺推出的押窯、眾籌、拍賣、直播等方式，直接帶動了匠人作品銷量的提升。比如，2017年，景德鎮(zhèn)老牌瓷器“九燒”玩了一場押窯：網(wǎng)易同步直播八天八夜燒窯全程，累計觀看人數(shù)超過300萬，600件柴窯作品售罄。

年輕一代成為匠人群體新興力量

說起手工藝匠人，我們腦海中會浮現(xiàn)年齡偏大、設(shè)計嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、擁有精湛的技法和較高的業(yè)界聲譽(yù)等標(biāo)簽。事實上，年輕一代正在逐步成為匠人群體的新興力量。

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的迅速發(fā)展，催生出一批80后、90后新型電商化匠人，越來越多的青年人認(rèn)同傳統(tǒng)手工藝并將其作為新的職業(yè)選擇。

在本次發(fā)布的《中國匠人電商生態(tài)觀察》中，東家平臺匯聚了4000余名國內(nèi)外頂尖匠人和年輕匠人群體，匠人作品覆蓋茶器、首飾、服裝、文玩、家居、古法食品等手工藝制品。

生態(tài)觀察顯示，在匠人的作品中最受歡迎的是茶器。有人說，中國人的生命里應(yīng)該有兩滴水：一滴是墨水，一滴是茶水。品茶作為中國人的習(xí)慣，貫穿生活始終。如今，品茗、穿漢服、玩手串、抄經(jīng)文……成為新一代消費者的生活方式。在不同的城市，消費者的傾向有所不同，由此呈現(xiàn)出有趣的地域特征。比如浙江人愛好篆刻作品、四川人喜歡烏龍茶、北京人更喜歡創(chuàng)意文玩，而廣東人則對調(diào)味品青睞有加。

東家平臺上，中國80后、90后新匠人品牌占比超過20%，而他們的從業(yè)占比則達(dá)到了60%。這些新興群體伴隨互聯(lián)網(wǎng)成長，普遍具有國際視野，在設(shè)計思維上更加新銳、大膽，敢于創(chuàng)新和求變。相對于傳統(tǒng)匠人，他們更愿意借助團(tuán)隊的力量完成作品的設(shè)計和制作。隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，空間生動化、場景生活化、美學(xué)落地化等理念，逐漸成為中國年輕一代消費者的生活追求。

傳承與創(chuàng)新打造匠人生態(tài)圈

被稱為“手工之城”的東家平臺，所展示的各類物品與生活息息相關(guān)。在這里，每一件物品對應(yīng)一位匠人，都有一個美好的故事；在這里，我們回歸生活的本真，用獨具東方美學(xué)的態(tài)度生活。

傳統(tǒng)匠人隱世而居，為了找到他們，東家團(tuán)隊深入滇、黔、川、江、浙、滬、皖等地走訪。從零開始，如今他們已擁有4000余名匠人。

這些精挑細(xì)選的匠人，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代找到了自己的價值。山西手工包·姥姥團(tuán)隊里的年輕設(shè)計師帶著六旬老太太一起，回到家鄉(xiāng)做手工包，力求打造中國的愛馬仕。年輕人的現(xiàn)代審美與老年人的傳統(tǒng)針線手藝相融合，奇妙的搭配，讓手工包有了來自全世界的訂單。東方手工制作包，走向了世界。

原屬冷門的潮州手拉壺，在這里重生……

90后新興匠人找到了展示的舞臺。4000余匠人集聚于此，互動交流碰撞出新的火花，形成了匠人獨有的生態(tài)圈。

那么何謂匠人？大會上，不少名家闡述了自己對匠人的理解——有情懷的守藝人。

“作為一個漫畫家，我就是一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的中國匠人。我每天要畫畫16到18個小時，但我不認(rèn)為自己在很努力地工作。”蔡志忠說，畫畫和談戀愛、吃冰淇淋巧克力一樣美好，沒有所謂的努力不努力這回事?！叭绻穱L過這種滋味，你會覺得生命像一股甜蜜的暖流，通過我們的身軀?！?/p>

媒體人崔永元認(rèn)為，“‘情懷看上去沒用，但我希望這些手工作品里面帶有一點情懷，帶有一點我們對文化發(fā)自內(nèi)心的崇拜和恭敬。有了情懷，以‘匠心致未來才有可能實現(xiàn)。”

中國手藝發(fā)展研究中心主任、原央視主持人趙普則對“匠人情懷”有更深刻的體會：“買賣是最好的保護(hù)、使用是最好的傳承、分享是最好的傳播?！薄盎ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)+匠人”，不僅需要滿足個性需求的消費潮流，更重要的是，讓“守藝人”不再閉門造車，通過“買賣”與“使用”，讓傳統(tǒng)文化在傳承與創(chuàng)新的激蕩中鼓浪前行。endprint

（本文照片由“東家”提供）

Crafted by Hands， Shared through Internet

By Zi Li

The first China Craftsmen Conference， themed ‘Craftsmanship： An Ode to the Future and kicking off in Yunqi Town in Hangzhou on July 22， 2017， drew participation of about 1，000 craftsmen from all over the country. According to a report released by the conference based on the statistics on www.idongjia.cn， the 1980-90s generation accounts for more than 60% of the countrys craftsman community and traditional handicrafts are taken by more and more young people as a career choice.

Statistics also show the craftsmen in Hangzhou are taking the lead in the countrys handicraft renaissance in terms of transaction volume. The citys cultural innovation boom had emerged years before the 2016 G20 Summit that brought the city closer to the center of the global stage. The citys production value of handicraft industry topped 254 billion yuan in 2016， taking up 23% of the city GDP.

Boasting a unique diversity of folk arts and crafts stretching across more than 20 categories represented by silk， tea and ceramics， Hangzhou joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network （UCCN）， a project of UNESCO launched in 2004 to promote cooperation among cities which recognize creativity as a major factor in their urban development， in 2012. The city has been sparing no effort in the conservation and reinvigoration of traditional culture and arts， as shown in a series of themed projects encouraging cultural innovation， such as ‘Made in Hangzhou and ‘China Story.

Many other cities with profound cultural tradition of distinct regional features， such as Jingdezhen， Yixing， Xuchang， Nanping and Putian， are also displaying striking potentials in cultural innovation. The magic power of e-commerce platforms innovated by www. idongjia.cn have brought the reputation of ‘Jiushao， a time-honored porcelain brand hailing from Jingdezhen， to a new high. The entire firing process that took eight days and nights， broadcast live on NetEase， was viewed by more than three million people. The 600 wood-fired products from the kiln sold out within a few hours.

Great changes are taking place in the handicraft genome of China， with traditional handicrafts being taken by more and more young people as a career choice. According to the report released by the Hangzhou conference， www.idongjia.cn has created an online platform where more than 4，000 top-notch craftsmen all over the globe gather together to share the immense beauty of a wide range of traditional crafts from teaware and jewelry to furniture and food processing by ancient methods.endprint

Teaware stands out as the most popular. Tea-related culture is becoming an integral part of the everyday life of a fast-growing number of quality-sensitive people all over China. For example， people in Sichuan Province have a special weakness for oolong tea.

Brands run by the 1980-90s generation accounts for more than 20% of the ‘craftsmen club on idongjia.cn. Born into the world of Internet， the countrys younger generations are not only more open-minded and creative than the elder generations of craftsmen， but also more willing to rely on team work to achieve the desired quality and aesthetic conception.

Dubbed “the platform of handicrafts”， idongjia.cn is a showroom of everything about the art of life， telling the story behind each product and bringing us back to the ‘basics and ‘truth.

Working behind closed doors is becoming history. How craftsmen work and live is becoming increasingly seeable on the internet. Through the online platform， the virtuoso needlework of a Shanxi-based woman in her 60s is given a new life and drawing orders from all over the world.

“I am a Chinese craftsman in the true sense of the word. I spend 16-18 hours drawing every day， but I enjoy every minute of the process. It is not ‘hard work， but feels just like falling in love，” said Taiwanese caricaturist Tsai Chih Chung.

“Putting the crafts on the track of transaction is the best way of conservation； putting the artwork into use in everyday life is the best way of inheritance； and sharing is the best way of communication，” concluded Zhao Pu， Director of China Handicrafts Development and Research Center and former CCTV news host.endprint