仉家驊：畢生的愛國情懷

孫侃

杭州鋼鐵集團(tuán)半山鋼鐵基地（曾稱浙江鋼鐵廠、半山鋼鐵廠、杭州鋼鐵廠，本文統(tǒng)一簡(jiǎn)稱杭鋼）已經(jīng)關(guān)停的廠區(qū)內(nèi)，不少生態(tài)項(xiàng)目正在實(shí)施，杭鋼人當(dāng)年艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)的故事依然在流傳，高級(jí)工程師仉家驊在平凡中顯崇高的事跡便是其中之一。日前，筆者應(yīng)《文化交流》獨(dú)家之邀，連續(xù)采訪了這位正住院的老人，傾聽他的人生經(jīng)歷，感受他的赤誠情懷。毫無疑問，仉家驊正是新中國第一代知識(shí)分子為祖國為人民奉獻(xiàn)一生的生動(dòng)典范。

立志報(bào)國，刻苦攻讀

接受采訪，仉家驊從大哥仉家駒談起。仉家駒，即新中國初期培養(yǎng)的電影演員張平，出演過《鋼鐵戰(zhàn)士》《怒潮》等許多有影響的影片。

“大哥對(duì)我的引領(lǐng)意義很大。1949年我高中畢業(yè)，得到在東北電影制片廠當(dāng)演員的大哥的幫助，于次年考取了東北工學(xué)院。剛到沈陽時(shí)，大哥曾提議讓我去長春、跟著他當(dāng)演員，我沒有答應(yīng)。其實(shí)我從小也愛好文藝，年輕時(shí)的模樣也英俊。”80余歲的仉家驊個(gè)子高高的，腰桿直直的，一臉老來的清朗。

“我之所以沒聽大哥的話，一是因?yàn)槲曳浅？释蔀楣こ處?，認(rèn)定做實(shí)業(yè)更能體現(xiàn)愛國心；二是因?yàn)槲仪佑谶M(jìn)入演藝界，拍電影免不了男男女女摟摟抱抱，于我實(shí)在不適應(yīng)。”

仉家驊籍貫天津，1931年出生在上海，家境貧寒。他4歲時(shí)，在旅館當(dāng)差的父親積勞去世，母親靠做傭人勉強(qiáng)養(yǎng)活五個(gè)孩子。稍長，仉家驊知道了生活的艱辛，產(chǎn)生了求學(xué)改變命運(yùn)的渴望。他是回族人，上學(xué)得到過上?；孛裆倘松鐖F(tuán)“清寒回族子弟助學(xué)金”的支助：每學(xué)期都能考到全班第一、第二名，從而取得資格。這同時(shí)也促使他養(yǎng)成了珍惜機(jī)會(huì)、刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的品質(zhì)。

經(jīng)歷內(nèi)戰(zhàn)帶給國統(tǒng)區(qū)之凋敝的仉家驊，在東北老解放區(qū)，感受到了一派朝氣蓬勃、萬象更新的景象，對(duì)新中國美好前途的向往，讓他內(nèi)心深處的愛國情懷得以釋放。多年前即投身革命文化事業(yè)的大哥的思想引導(dǎo)，更促使仉家驊立志報(bào)效祖國，以貢獻(xiàn)自己的才華乃至生命為榮。在東北工學(xué)院機(jī)械制造專業(yè)，他如饑似渴地攻讀，學(xué)業(yè)生涯從無虛度。

由于國家實(shí)施第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃的需要，仉家驊這一屆學(xué)生提前到1954年1月畢業(yè)。讓他絕對(duì)沒想到的是，在全系幾百名同學(xué)中，只有他被分配到清華大學(xué)機(jī)械制造系機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)教研組擔(dān)任助教！這可是百里挑一的事，證明他學(xué)業(yè)成績之優(yōu)異！在清華，他這個(gè)大四畢業(yè)生一進(jìn)課堂，就給大四學(xué)生講授起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)課程，人生燦爛美好的前景正在展現(xiàn)。

然而讓別人絕對(duì)沒想到的是，3年后，當(dāng)仉家驊聽說浙江正在籌建鋼鐵廠、亟需人才時(shí)，毅然決然地放棄相對(duì)優(yōu)裕的工作和生活條件，主動(dòng)要求到杭鋼，投入生產(chǎn)建設(shè)第一線。

發(fā)揮專長，結(jié)下豐碩科技成果

筆者問，您能講講當(dāng)初選擇來杭鋼的原因嗎？仉家驊明確地答道，教學(xué)科研最終應(yīng)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐。

1958年初，仉家驊攜在冶金部鋼鐵研究院工作的新婚妻子翁季蕓，從北京來到杭州城郊半山腳下，開啟自己為之奉獻(xiàn)一生的歷程。那時(shí)，整個(gè)廠只有兩座傳統(tǒng)小轉(zhuǎn)爐在生產(chǎn)，他被分配到鑄造車間籌備組當(dāng)技術(shù)員，同時(shí)兼車間團(tuán)支部書記，組織并負(fù)責(zé)青年突擊隊(duì)。他既和工程人員安裝設(shè)備，又率領(lǐng)突擊隊(duì)員搞基建，經(jīng)常連日連夜苦干。由于工作出色，次年12月他加入了中國共產(chǎn)黨。

仉家驊在融入杭鋼發(fā)展、壯大的歷程中，傾注了自己的情懷和心血。

1964年，杭鋼以仉家驊為項(xiàng)目牽頭人，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)爐進(jìn)行氧氣頂吹改造。其時(shí)，該技術(shù)已在國外應(yīng)用，但在國內(nèi)并不成熟。仉家驊和技改小組成員憑借部分參考圖紙，埋頭鉆研，攻克諸多難題，終于改造出4噸氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐。

“在我們那個(gè)技改小組中，有機(jī)械、電器、儀表、冷卻水、土建等各專業(yè)的‘高人，大家都發(fā)揮了智慧。氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐里機(jī)器設(shè)備很多，負(fù)責(zé)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的我，好好地露了一手，所以它是我的得意之作。”仉家驊得意的原因是，這座轉(zhuǎn)爐在多年運(yùn)行中，至少有10年被冶金部評(píng)為生產(chǎn)成績最好的“紅旗爐”。

改革開放后，來杭鋼考察的外國同行很多。一次，澳大利亞冶金專家組來到這座氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐前，被它獨(dú)創(chuàng)的設(shè)計(jì)所折服——土洋結(jié)合，又科學(xué)合理！當(dāng)他們得知杭鋼在設(shè)計(jì)建造30噸氧氣頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐時(shí)，更為欽佩，因?yàn)檫@意味著杭鋼煉鋼設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)建造技術(shù)已與國際先進(jìn)水平相比肩。仉家驊真摯地說：“每當(dāng)看到國外同行對(duì)我們科技進(jìn)步的肯定和羨慕，就油然升起一股民族自豪感，就覺得所有艱辛的付出都是值得的?！?img alt="" src="https://cimg.fx361.com/images/2017/10/17/whjl201710whjl20171001-2-l.jpg" style=""/>

采用液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)255m?高爐爐頂裝料設(shè)備，是杭鋼在上世紀(jì)70年代的重點(diǎn)技術(shù)革新項(xiàng)目。仉家驊指出，“當(dāng)時(shí)全國各大鋼鐵公司都有255m?高爐，聽說杭鋼第一家應(yīng)用了爐頂液壓設(shè)備，紛紛來參觀取經(jīng)，冶金院校的學(xué)生也來實(shí)習(xí)。后來，鞍山鋼鐵設(shè)計(jì)院編寫《鋼鐵工業(yè)液壓設(shè)備使用實(shí)例》一書，把杭鋼這一系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用和運(yùn)行情況，列為第一個(gè)范例?！?/p>

牢記使命，不懼人生厄運(yùn)

仉家驊曾提到他十分喜愛一套“大煉鋼鐵”的郵票，那是郵電部于1959年發(fā)行的“紀(jì)58—鋼鐵生產(chǎn)大躍進(jìn)”。他說，那熱烈喜慶的畫面反映了他的一部分心情，可惜在“文化大革命”期間丟失了。

仉家驊平靜地述說往事：那時(shí)候我被分配做電工，“能及時(shí)調(diào)整心態(tài)的原因是工人的友善和照顧。作為外線電工，我得系好皮帶，穿上工作鞋，帶上各種工具，爬上架子去登高作業(yè)?？晌业谝淮螠?zhǔn)備作業(yè)就被一位老師傅阻止了，他說我們是經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)并考核的，你沒有，所以不能爬架子，也爬不上去。他分明是在暗中救我的命，因?yàn)橄裎疫@樣一點(diǎn)操作技能都沒有的人，登高而上，真的就是去送命。我心里十分感激，也明白大家還需要我在合適的崗位?！?/p>

和工人在一起，仉家驊覺得很隨和、很融洽。他有一件談資，工人們起初對(duì)他的姓“仉”不認(rèn)識(shí)，以為是“倪”的簡(jiǎn)寫，便叫他“倪工”。他幽默地回答：“我不是泥工，我是鐵匠，專門對(duì)付鐵家伙的！”談笑間，他仍對(duì)“遺棄”科研不能釋然，一有機(jī)會(huì)就與同事開展技術(shù)探討，一些實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的老師傅也來幫助解決具體技術(shù)問題。endprint

上世紀(jì)80年代，中國特色的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程加緊展開，仉家驊專注于科技研究，成果迭出。講到這里，他拿起枕頭旁的《設(shè)備泄漏防治技術(shù)》《工業(yè)管道泄漏防治》兩書，說，出版之后業(yè)內(nèi)重視，同行視作不可缺少的技術(shù)用書，現(xiàn)在自己正抽空作修訂。

1983年，仉家驊當(dāng)選為浙江省第七次黨代會(huì)代表。他異常欣喜，覺得這份榮譽(yù)同時(shí)也是給杭鋼乃至全省冶金系統(tǒng)所有的科技人員的，說：“黨和人民信任知識(shí)分子，期待知識(shí)分子發(fā)揮應(yīng)有作用，自己當(dāng)更努力?！?/p>

“我妻子翁季蕓工作的勁頭也更大了。她是晚清大臣翁同龢的曾孫女，家學(xué)淵源，畢業(yè)于浙江大學(xué)化工系。我倆來到杭鋼后，她一直在中心試驗(yàn)室工作，活躍在杭鋼各個(gè)發(fā)展階段的化驗(yàn)技術(shù)人員大都是她的學(xué)生！”

1986年，仉家驊被評(píng)定為高級(jí)工程師，是杭鋼首批6人之一。不久后，他擔(dān)任杭鋼總工程師，并為省冶金局高工評(píng)審委員會(huì)成員，又擔(dān)任杭鋼技術(shù)開發(fā)處處長、科學(xué)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)首任主席。

有一分熱，發(fā)一分光

仉家驊的事跡其實(shí)平凡普通，但所體現(xiàn)的敬業(yè)奉獻(xiàn)精神卻留在人們的記憶中。

上世紀(jì)80年代，某國鋼鐵專家參觀杭鋼，座談會(huì)上省冶金局的年輕翻譯把“轉(zhuǎn)爐”譯成了“回轉(zhuǎn)窯”，仉家驊當(dāng)場(chǎng)舉手，及時(shí)予以更正。

仉家驊多次說，“打好基礎(chǔ)，潛心專業(yè)，心無旁騖，努力工作?！彼钪挥姓莆罩R(shí)，特別是精深地學(xué)會(huì)一門技能、運(yùn)用一項(xiàng)技術(shù)，才能為國家建設(shè)事業(yè)添磚加瓦，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的人生理想。他熟練掌握三種外語：上高中，學(xué)英語；上大學(xué)，學(xué)俄語；上講臺(tái)后，清華專門從北大請(qǐng)來德國籍女教授，教青年教師和研究生德語?！氨疽詾閺氖聶C(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造，外語不太用得上，其實(shí)后來都用上了，還發(fā)揮了很大作用?！?/p>

多年來，仉家驊一直堅(jiān)持溫習(xí)外語，這一專長得到了多方器重，成為他在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)之外、為杭鋼發(fā)展做出較大貢獻(xiàn)的領(lǐng)域。擔(dān)任總工和科協(xié)主席后，他又以一己之力倡導(dǎo)企業(yè)內(nèi)部學(xué)習(xí)外語，并形成氛圍。他還翻譯了不少國外重要專業(yè)資料，以供大家及時(shí)了解國外冶金業(yè)發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)。

1991年，仉家驊退休了。那時(shí)，杭鋼周邊有不少鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)主營鋼鐵后期加工，發(fā)展較快，于是有人便找仉家驊，希望他去任職、兼職。對(duì)此，他一概謝絕，但技術(shù)方面的解惑釋疑，始終熱心而無償?shù)靥峁??！拔易罡信d趣、最擅長的是搞技術(shù)，能在晚年發(fā)揮余熱，為企業(yè)發(fā)展助一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)力，是我的榮幸。”

與筆者相熟悉的仉家驊一位鄰居告訴筆者，仉工退休后的很長一段時(shí)間里，前來咨詢討教的人絡(luò)繹不絕，而他總十分熱情，那種中國老一代知識(shí)分子執(zhí)著、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、謙遜、淡泊的作風(fēng)令人欽佩。

仉家驊聲音洪亮，很健談，但也有讓筆者稍息的片刻。他在回想。

“我承認(rèn)，如果留在清華，自己將擁有另一種生活?？晌疫x擇了一家從零起步、逐步發(fā)展，能直接為國家產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的工廠，并且親身感受了它的整個(gè)發(fā)展歷程。盡管我在這里吃了很多苦，經(jīng)歷了很多的曲折，但我從來沒有后悔過。甘于清寒本來就是中國知識(shí)分子的品格，何況我在這里貢獻(xiàn)了自己的才華，為杭鋼、為國有企業(yè)的發(fā)展出了力，這就夠了。”這便是仉家驊的肺腑之言。

環(huán)境保護(hù)，晚年的關(guān)切

仉家驊“甘于清寒”，耐得住樸素生活的秉性一生沒有改變。比如，他堅(jiān)守“夠吃夠用就行”的原則。當(dāng)年，他去省冶金局辦事，堅(jiān)持用餐自費(fèi)，那便是去吃一碗最便宜的陽春面。

仉家驊向筆者說起一件小事。數(shù)年前的一天，他在杭州市區(qū)延安路上行走，發(fā)現(xiàn)身后有人喊著追趕他，回頭卻是幾位頭發(fā)也已花白的老人，急切地問他是不是仉老師。原來他們是畢業(yè)于清華、就教于浙大的教授，都是當(dāng)年仉家驊的學(xué)生。師生相見，分外動(dòng)情。攀談中，教授們得悉了老師的退休金，不由得感慨萬端。他們拿出身邊的超市購物卡相送，以示對(duì)老師的敬意。仉家驊再三推辭。

也許樸素的生活會(huì)鍛造人格精神，影響終生。

2015年底，杭鋼將全線關(guān)停，為杭鋼發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)一生的仉家驊感慨萬千，當(dāng)年篳路藍(lán)縷的艱苦歷程重現(xiàn)眼前。正式關(guān)停前的幾天里，杭鋼的老人，也有很多中年人、年輕人，不約而同地繞走廠區(qū)，看看最后運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的杭鋼。仉家驊說，那時(shí)他的眼淚止不住往下流?！白咭蝗σ胩鞎r(shí)間，而我正好犯病，只走了一半。熟悉的廠房、高爐、機(jī)器，都讓我留戀，特別是那些由我設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)械設(shè)備，似乎是活的、有血有肉的。它們寄托了我的感情。我默聲說，老伙計(jì)，拜拜了！”

然而，“拜拜”音未了，2016年初，仉家驊就住進(jìn)了杭鋼醫(yī)院，直到今天。他對(duì)筆者說，杭鋼有它的歷史功績，如今關(guān)停也肯定正確。理性地分析，杭州這樣的世界著名旅游城市，距西湖不太遠(yuǎn)的地方，居然有座鋼鐵廠，布局上確實(shí)不夠科學(xué)合理，尤其在高度重視生態(tài)環(huán)保的當(dāng)下。日內(nèi)瓦湖旁邊會(huì)有鋼鐵廠么？所以，把杭鋼作為去產(chǎn)能的目標(biāo)之一、還杭州一片潔凈清新的藍(lán)天白云，還是值得的。

身在病榻，仉家驊心里牽掛著杭鋼：可利用的設(shè)備運(yùn)到了哪里？哪座高爐成了工業(yè)遺存？科技資源該怎樣發(fā)揮作用？住院期間，身體稍有恢復(fù)，老人又閑不住了，不僅抽時(shí)間閱讀相關(guān)專業(yè)書籍，而且經(jīng)常與前來看望的老同事探討科技問題。他欣喜地告訴筆者，現(xiàn)在，哪怕躺在病床上，或者在附近散步，都能感覺出空氣在變好，環(huán)境在變好，心情越來越舒暢了。

仉家驊畢生的情懷都在杭鋼，在祖國的建設(shè)事業(yè)上。

（本文照片由仉家驊和作者提供）

Engineers Lifelong Dedication to Steelworks in Hangzhou

By Sun Kan

Hangzhou Iron & Steel Group Company， now a huge conglomerate in Zhejiang Province， has grown up from an iron & steel factory in the northeastern part of Hangzhou. A company listed at Shanghai Stock Exchanges， it reported 57.3 billion yuan in assets and 70.2 billion yuan in sale revenue by the end of 2016.endprint

Zhang Jiahua， now 86， is a retired engineer who contributed a great deal to the prosperity of the giant steel works. Born in Shanghai in 1931， he was one of the five siblings of the family. The father died when Zhang Jiahua was only 4 years old. The mother worked as a maid to raise the five children. He was a good student. With the financial assistance from a Hui Charity foundation， he was able to graduate with top scores from high school in 1949 in Shanghai. In 1950， he entered Northeast College of Technology as a student of machinery manufacturing.

It was a major life choice he made. His elder brother Zhang Yong， a film actor， was working in a film studio in Northeast and advised Zhang Jiahua to follow his footsteps. The younger brother chose another career. He wanted to be an engineer and make physical contributions to the countrys modernization.

He proved to be a top student again in January 1954 when the students graduated one year ahead of schedule as the country started its first Five Year Plan and needed engineers urgently. Of all the hundreds of graduates of the college， the prestigious Qinghua University picked him to be a teacher of machinery manufacturing. At his first class， he gave a lecture on hoist transporters to students in their senior year.

Three years later， Zhang Jiahua made another big decision and this decision has changed his life totally. After learning in 1957 that Hangzhou Iron & Steel Works needed engineers badly， he asked to be transferred to the new project in Zhejiang. Asked about his motivation back then in an interview with the author of this article 60 years later， he said he wanted to turn theories into practice.

In early 1958， he arrived in Hangzhou， with his newly married wife Weng Jiyun， a great granddaughter of Wen Tongsu， a key minister of the Qing Dynasty and tutor to Emperor Guangxu. They immediately settled down at the foot of Banshan， in the northeastern suburb of the city. His wife， a graduate of chemistry of Zhejiang University， worked at the steelworks central lab. Back then， the steelworks had only two small Bessemer converters in operation. He soon plunged himself in the setup of the foundry at the steelworks， working as a technician installing equipment at the workshop and heading a taskforce composed of young enthusiasts working overtime at infrastructure.

As an engineer， Zhang Jiahua contributed substantially. In 1964， he headed a four-tonnage oxygen blowing upgrade project. The technology had been mature and widely used in foreign countries， but in China， the technology was yet to be fully mastered. Zhang and his team of experts in different technological fields worked out quite a few innovative solutions. Even now Zhang still feels proud about the part he played as a machinery designer in the project. In its operation history， the converter was recognized by the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry as a “Red Banner Converter” for its excellent productivity for ten consecutive years. In the 1980s while the country turned anew in full force to modernization and opened to the outside world， the innovative converter amazed visiting foreign engineers.endprint

Another big success in Zhangs engineer career was the hydraulic charging equipment for the 255-m2 blast furnace. It was a key technological innovation project at Hangzhou Iron & Steel Works. Zhang was the mastermind of the innovation. Many steelmaking companies across the country had same-size blast furnaces， but they didnt have the hydraulic charging equipment. “After learning that we had it， they sent their experts to take a look. Many senior students from metallurgy colleges came to work as interns at the steelworks in Hangzhou in a bid to be close to it. The hydraulic charging solution was later written into a textbook by Anshan Steelmaking Design Institute.

Zhangs achievement was widely recognized. In 1983， he attended the CPC Zhejiang Congress as a representative of the science and technology circles. He considers the experience as an honor. In 1986 he became a state-accredited senior engineer. Soon he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Hangzhou Iron & Steel Works. During these years， he wrote books on technological innovation and did technical translations （he has working knowledge of English， Russian and German）. In 1991， he retired. Though some new businesses in the field of steel making and processing wanted to engage him as an advisor， he turned down all the offers， but was willing to solve technological problems for these businesses.

He has never regretted the decisions he made in the 1950s. “I would have a different life had I chosen to continue working as a teacher at Qinghua. But I chose a steelworks and started from scratch. The factory contributed directly to our nations growth. I participated in and witnessed the whole history of the steelworks. Though I suffered hardships and setbacks， I have never regretted. Moreover， Chinese intellectuals are willing to contribute to the nation. I have contributed my talent to Hangzhou Iron & Steel Works and to the nation. Thats enough，” said Zhang after a long and hard look at his own life.

The site of Hangzhou Iron &Steel Works was shut down toward the end of 2015 as the conglomerate shifted its operations to other places across Zhejiang and diversified further into other industries. Former and current employees visited the facilities and couldnt tear themselves away. Zhang Jiahua took a tour， too. But he wasnt able to finish the goodbye trip because he was weak and ill. In particular， he looked at the machines he had designed. For a moment， he felt they were alive with blood and flesh. “I put my heart and soul into them. I said silent farewell to them，” recalled Zhang in the interview.

He understands the reason of the shutdown. After all， Hangzhou as an international tourism city needs a sky free of pollution. And he doesnt need to worry about the steelmaking business. It has long since grown into a multiple conglomerate continuing its contribution to the countrys bright future. Though he has been in hospital since early 2016， he is still concerned with the future of the steelworks to which he has dedicated his whole life.endprint