羅麗雯
語言本身變化萬千,要說抓“提問”的規(guī)律似乎有點(diǎn)難。但從2011年至2017年中,筆者共能統(tǒng)計到的120句問句中,發(fā)現(xiàn)用what提問的頻率最高,一共有46句,其次是一般疑問句,一共是29句,第三是用how提問(不包括用how long 或 how many等)共計21句。這三大類就占了96句。具體情況如下:
筆者曾經(jīng)做過實(shí)驗(yàn),在提問這一部分,不回答完整的句子,只講疑問詞以及相關(guān)的個別單詞。如:
我們怎樣去俱樂部呢?(How go to)
俱樂部什么時候開放呢?(When open)
明天我們在什么地方見面?(When we meet tomorrow,測試時口誤了,where講成when)
目的是測試一下,如果學(xué)生不懂回答正確的問句語序,能講出正確的疑問詞,外加幾個常用的單詞,電腦改分會給出怎樣的分?jǐn)?shù)。結(jié)果這三句筆者折算后的得分是0.9分,換算成原始分是3.6分(原始總分為6分)。
筆者大膽猜測電腦改卷,是將考生答案和正確答案進(jìn)行比對,語序肯定會是作為評分的一項(xiàng),但考生的回答能涵蓋正確答案的單詞應(yīng)該是最重要的比對標(biāo)準(zhǔn),所以請英語不好的考生不要放棄,找準(zhǔn)疑問詞,大膽開口講,多爭取一分是一分。
另外,在這120句問句中,也有一些結(jié)構(gòu)或是短語甚至相同的問題,下面筆者將對“類同問句”進(jìn)行歸類。
一、do you think
“三問”是考查學(xué)生在交際中,能對外籍人士進(jìn)行提問的能力。而我們向別人提問時,可能會提到對方對某事的看法,因此“do you think”以及問別人的看法的“What do you think of”這兩個表達(dá)常??嫉健?/p>
1. 你覺得我需要吃藥嗎?(2011)
Do you think I need to take some medicine?
2. 為什么你認(rèn)為情節(jié)難以相信?(2012)
Why do you think the plot is hard to believe?
3. 你認(rèn)為什么時候召集開會最好呢?(2013)
When do you think is the best time to hold a meeting?
4. 為什么你認(rèn)為自己能成為語言教師?(2014)
Why do you think you can become a language teacher?
5. 你認(rèn)為每個人都能被培訓(xùn)成好老師嗎?(2015)
Do you think that everyone can be trained to be a good teacher?
6. 你認(rèn)為體育活動將是一樣的嗎?(2016)
Do you think the sports will be the same in the future?
7. 你認(rèn)為機(jī)器人有一天會取代人類嗎?(2017)
Do you think robots will take the place of humans one day?
還有一句是問對方看法“你怎樣看待……?”,這個問句,中文“怎樣”二字易導(dǎo)致學(xué)生用how 提問,但英美人士一般是用“What do you think of ...” 如:
1. 你如何看待在英國排隊(duì)的事情?(2011)
What do you think of queuing in England?
2. 你怎么看待穿校服?(2015)
What do you think of wearing school uniforms?
二、“What do you mean?”
1. 你說的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格是什么意思?(2011)
What do you mean by learning styles?
2. 你什么意思呢?(2011)
What do you mean?
3. 那是什么意思?(2016)
What does that mean?
4. 那是什么意思呢?(2017)
What does that mean?
三、“影響”
1. 誰給你們的影響最大?(2011)
Who had the biggest effect/ influence on you?
2. 顏色怎樣影響我們的購買行為?(2014)
How do colors affect our buying decisions?
3. 顏色怎樣影響我們的情緒?(2015)
How do colors affect our moods?
在高中階段,“影響”的表達(dá)比較多,相關(guān)單詞有influence, affect, effect等,其中affect, effect(affect sth, have an effect on sth)兩個詞用法容易混,而且讀音更容易混。相比較influence既可當(dāng)動詞也可以當(dāng)名詞,influence或have an influence on都可以。考生只要熟記一種就可以了。
四、“喜歡”
“喜歡……”是常考的表達(dá),偶爾會考到它的反義詞“dislike”。如:
1. James 像你一樣熱愛音樂嗎?(2011)
Does James like music as much as you?endprint
2. 英國人喜歡舊車嗎?(2011)
Do the British people like cars?
3. 英國人喜歡什么樣的禮物?(2013)
What kind of presents do English people like?
4. 有多少人不喜歡坐飛機(jī)?(2013)
How many people dislike taking a flight ?
5. 有什么其他原因使你不喜歡坐飛機(jī)?(2013)
What other reasons can make you dislike taking a flight?
6. 你父母喜歡中國的什么呢?(2014)
What do your parents like about China?
五、“興趣”
1. James 小時候?qū)κ裁锤信d趣?(2011)
What was James interested in when he was young?
2. 你是如何發(fā)展出對歷史的興趣的?(2012)
How do you develop an interest in history?
3. 你什么時候開始對絲綢歷史感興趣的?(2017)
When did you begin to take interest in silk history?
與興趣相關(guān)的表達(dá),如be interested in, develop interest in, show interest in等,希望考生能牢記在心。
六、“What if ...”和“What else ...”
“如果……會怎樣”和“還有什么”這兩個表達(dá)也請考生有所了解,特別注意像2012年的提問方法,不少學(xué)生看到省略了的問句是無從下手的,畢竟像what if這一表達(dá),在人教版必修一至必修五,選修六至選修八這八本教材中,出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)屈指可數(shù)。
至于“還有什么”,因?yàn)楹椭形谋磉_(dá)習(xí)慣有出入,可能學(xué)生傾向于思考“還有”應(yīng)該用哪個詞,但其實(shí)只要用上else即可。
1. 我如果還書晚了會怎么樣?(2012)
What (will happen) if I return the books late?
2. 如果我不記得某一個英語詞,該怎么辦呢?
What should I do if I forget an English word?
3. 如果我們被機(jī)器人取代了該怎么辦?(2017)
What should we do if we were replaced by robots?
4. 我還需要注意什么嗎?(2011)
What else should I pay attention to?
5. 我還要帶其它衣服嗎?(2013)
What else clothes do I need to take with me ?
七、比較級和最高級
比較級
1. 什么顏色對顧客更具吸引力?(2014)
What color is more attractive to customers?
2. 年幼的孩子比年長的孩子更幸運(yùn)嗎?(2016)
Are younger children luckier/ more fortunate than elder ones?
3. 為什么運(yùn)動能使我們更聰明?(2017)
Why can sports make us smarter?
最高級
1.誰給你們的影響最大?(2011)
Who had the biggest effect/ influence on you?
2.哪些體育運(yùn)動在英國最流行?(2013)
What sports are the most popular in the UK?
3. 什么是改變情緒的最有效方法?(2015)
What is the most useful way to change a bad mood?
4.對你來說最大的挑戰(zhàn)是什么?(2015)
What is the biggest challenge to you?
5.最艱難的部分是什么? (2016)
What is the hardest / most difficult part?
這兩類考生要注意的是,熟悉的形容詞變成其比較級或最高級時,如何發(fā)音。其次,一些音節(jié)較多的詞,比較級或最高級是加more或most,這些都請?jiān)谄綍r加以練習(xí),熟能生巧。
八、“問題”
1. 這本書有什么問題? (2012)
Whats the problem of the book?
2. 你們怎么解決老人的健康問題?(2014)
How do you deal with old peoples health problem?
3. 為什么家長認(rèn)為這是個問題?(2017)
Why do parents think it a problem?
九、出現(xiàn)兩次類似結(jié)構(gòu)的問句集合
“印象”endprint
1. 我怎樣才能留下良好的印象呢?(2013)
How can I make a good impression?
2. 回家鄉(xiāng)的路上給你印象最深刻的是什么?(2015)
What impressed you most on the way to your hometown?
“作為”
1. 作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo),我應(yīng)該怎樣對待團(tuán)隊(duì)成員呢?(2013)
As a leader, how can I treat the team members?
2. 作為老師,你怎樣使用這個系統(tǒng)?(2016)
As a teacher, how did you use the system?
“差異”
1. 兩者之間的區(qū)別是什么? (2015)
What are the differences between the two?
2. 他們在行為上有什么差異?(2016)
What differences do they have in behaviors?
“建議”
1. 你的老師的建議是什么? (2012)
What are your teachers suggestions?
2. 你有什么建議給家長呢?(2017)
Do you have any suggestions for parents?
“禮物”
1. 英國人喜歡什么樣的禮物?(2013)
What kind of presents do English people like?
2. 你打算給弟弟和妹妹買什么禮物呢?(2014)
What gifts do you plan to buy for your brother and sister?
“支付費(fèi)用”
1. 誰支付他們在這里的生活費(fèi)用?(2014)
Who pays for their living expenses here ?
2. 誰支付你的生活費(fèi)用?(2014)
Who pays for your living costs?
上面歸類整理的句子占已考句子的43%左右。既然提問的句子出現(xiàn)了重復(fù),雖不是全然一樣,但對于考生還是有參考、模仿的價值的。俗話說,“熟讀唐詩三百首,不會作詩也會吟”,考生應(yīng)該在高三有限的時間內(nèi),挖掘歷年真題更大的價值。整理、復(fù)習(xí)、背誦是必要的,萬一考到了呢?
其他考過的問句也整理如下,供考生練習(xí):
2011年
1. 你能再多說點(diǎn)嗎?
2. 你是如何學(xué)習(xí)外語的?
3. 你能說說英國人嗎?
4. 你還有別的困難嗎?
5. 那我該做什么呢?
6. 英國人不太在乎穿什么衣服,對嗎?
參考答案
1. Could you please speak a little more?
2. How did you learn a foreign language?
3. Can you talk about English people?
4. Do you have any other problems?
5. What should I do?
6. The British people care little about clothes, do they?
2012年
1. 你和你的室友相處得如何?
2. 為什么你不直接與他們談一談?
3. 我為什么不能與朋友們一起開車?
4. 我真的需要這些規(guī)則嗎?
5. 這些規(guī)則有什么用處?
6. 報紙?jiān)趺丛u論這本書?
7. 我一次可以借幾本書呢?
8. 我可以借多長時間呢?
9. 你想在藝術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)什么專業(yè)?
10. 你在這一領(lǐng)域得過獎嗎?
參考答案
1. How do you get along with your roommates?
2. Why dont you have a talk directly with them?
3. Why cant I drive with my friends?
4. Do I really need these rules?
5. What are these rules for?
6. How do the newspapers comment on this book?
7. How many books can I borrow at one time?
8. How long can I keep the books?
9. What subject do you want to study at the arts campus?
10. Have you won any races in this field?
2013年
1. 在將來的教室里互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有什么用?
2. 將來學(xué)生如何參加考試?
3. 將來學(xué)生需要學(xué)習(xí)什么?endprint
4. 我怎樣才能使他們共同工作呢?
5. 體育運(yùn)動在英國中學(xué)和大學(xué)里重要嗎?
6. 體育運(yùn)動是不是談話中的常用話題?
7. 你什么時候下班?
8. 你們晚上有哪些活動 ?
9. 你經(jīng)常帶工作回家嗎?
10. 我去別人家吃飯時,我要帶些什么?
11. 我應(yīng)該知道的下一個重要的事情是什么?
12. 你為什么如此害怕出事故?
參考答案
1. Whats the use of the Internet in the future in the classroom?
2. How will the students attend the exam in the future?
3. What will students need to learn in the future?
4. How can I make them work together?
5. Is sport important in middle schools and universities in the UK?
6. Is sport a common topic in conversation?
7. What time do you finish your work?
8. What activities do you have in the evening?
9. Do you usually take the job back home?
10. What do I need to take when I go to someones home for dinner?
11. What is the next important thing I should know?
12. Why are you so afraid of accidents?
2014年
1. 綠色是廣告中流行的顏色嗎?
2. 你們怎么解決老人的健康問題?
3. 他們的子女多久來看望他們一次?
4. 你父母通常允許你自己做決定嗎?
5. 為什么你要離開父母生活呢?
6. 你們家是什么時候開始養(yǎng)導(dǎo)盲犬的?
7. 你們是如何訓(xùn)練這些狗的?
8. 你在街上見到過你們訓(xùn)練過的狗嗎?
9. 你不是說你想當(dāng)一名語言教師嗎?
10. 你第一天教課感覺如何?
11. 為什么你不買些京劇DVD作為禮物?
參考答案
1. Is green a popular color in advertising?
2. How do you deal with old peoples health problem?
3. How often do their children come to see them?
4. Do your parents usually allow you to make decisions by yourself?
5. Why do you want to live without your parents?
6. When did your family begin to raise dogs for the blind?
7. How do you train these dogs?
8. Did you see the dogs you trained in the street?
9. Didnt you say you wanted to be a language teacher?
10. How do you feel the first day of teaching?
11. Why dont you buy some Beijing Opera DVDs as gifts?
2015年
1. 你做過這個話題的研究嗎?
2. 人們一般做什么來減輕壓力呢?
3. 為什么壓力可以是正能量呢?
4. 音樂有助于改變壞情緒嗎?
5. 好老師有什么特點(diǎn)?
6. 我需要參加每一次的活動嗎?
7. 我怎樣才能加入這個協(xié)會呢?
8. 你的家鄉(xiāng)離這里遠(yuǎn)嗎?
9. 你現(xiàn)在更喜歡在哪兒過春節(jié)呢?
10. 穿同樣的衣服不煩嗎?
11. 你小時候穿校服嗎?
參考答案
1. Have you done any research on the topic?
2. What do people usually do to reduce stress?
3. Why can stress become positive energy?
4. Is music helpful to change a bad mood?
5. What characteristics do good teachers have?
6. Do I have to take part in every activity?endprint
7. How can I join the club?
8. Is your hometown far from here?
9. Where do you prefer to spend the Spring Festival?
10. Isnt it boring to wear the same clothes?
11. Did you wear school uniforms when you were young?
2016年
1. 在大家庭中成長是怎樣的?
2. 你12歲時,學(xué)校是怎樣的?
3. 學(xué)生們喜歡交作業(yè)的方式嗎?
4. 你做什么讓觀眾大笑?
5. 你是怎么成為一個喜劇演員的?
6. 有什么成功的秘訣嗎?
7. 你從課程中學(xué)到了什么?
8. 你怎么知道女性在學(xué)習(xí)語言方面做得更好?
參考答案
1. What is growing up in a big family like?
2. What was school like when you were twelve?
3. Did students like/ love the way of handing in assignments?
4. What do you do to make audience laugh?
5. How did you become a comedian?
6. Do you have any secrets of success?
7. What have you learned from the course?
8. How do you know that women do better in learning language ?
2017年
1. 你有很多空閑時間旅游嗎?
2. 游客能找到哪些工作呢?
3. 機(jī)器人可以做哪些危險的工作?
4. 這僅僅發(fā)生在童年嗎?
5. 那個醫(yī)生是如何幫助你的?
6. 現(xiàn)在有很多人以這種方式看病嗎?
7. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)醫(yī)生看病的弊端是什么?
8. 中國絲綢如何傳播到其他國家?
9. 絲綢工作的現(xiàn)狀是什么?
10. 你怎么知道的呢?
11. 運(yùn)動如何幫助提升我們的課堂表現(xiàn)?
參考答案
1. Did you have a lot of free time for traveling?
2. What jobs can travelers find?
3. What kind of dangerous jobs can robots do?
4. Does this only happen during childhood?
5. How did the doctor help you?
6. Are there many people who see a doctor in such a way now?
7. Whats the disadvantage of seeing a doctor on the Internet?
8. How did the Chinese silk spread to other countries?
9. Whats the current situation of silk industry?
10. How did you know that?
11. How do sports help us improve class performance?
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青endprint