赫爾辛基暢想少車(chē)未來(lái)

⊙ By Steve Curwood

翻譯：思葦

赫爾辛基暢想少車(chē)未來(lái)

⊙ By Steve Curwood

翻譯：思葦

HELSINKI IMAGINES A CAR-LESS FUTURE

在人口密集的大都市，交通問(wèn)題是城市規(guī)劃繞不過(guò)的一道坎兒。近年來(lái)，與世界其他城市一樣面臨堵車(chē)?yán)_的芬蘭首都赫爾辛基正在籌建一個(gè)全新的運(yùn)輸服務(wù)系統(tǒng)，希望在未來(lái)幾年內(nèi)有效緩解交通壓力，來(lái)了解一下吧！

聽(tīng)力指南針

這篇采訪生詞不多，句式不難，一問(wèn)一答條理清晰，專家的解答簡(jiǎn)單易懂，唯一的難點(diǎn)在于專家的英語(yǔ)帶有明顯的歐洲口音。這種源于生活的真實(shí)英語(yǔ)對(duì)大家的耳朵是個(gè)很好的訓(xùn)練——先試試不看文字只聽(tīng)聲音，你能聽(tīng)懂多少呢？

Host:Helsinki is growing fast. And city planners trying to prepare for that growth realized they needed a better way for people to move around. The public1)transitsystem in Finland’s capital city is already overcrowded, and there isn’t the money to keep2)investingin new roads and highways. So, they turned to the novel idea of treating mobility as a service, and using a mix of all3)modesof transport that would take the job of figuring out how to get from point A to point B out of users hands. Ville Lehmuskoski is the Director of Transport and Traffic Planning for Helsinki.

If I’m a resident of a future Helsinki, where this newly-designed transportation system is in place, how do I get from point A to point B?

Ville:In the current mobility system, people own their cars. They just have their car or two cars that their family has. But in your life, you have several kind of different situations, and if you use mobility-as-a-service, for every trip you get just the kind of car that you need, that you want: at some point you need your4)Toyota Corolla; at some point you would like to have a5)van; at some point you would like to have some sport car, Ferrari or something like that. You also have the possibility to take public transport, take bikes, take also different kind of bikes…always take the best option. And also important is that you don’t have to invest. The investment cost is very big when we talk about cars. You just pay by use.

Host:So, how does this work? I pick up the phone and call my service provider, or do I go online?

Ville:It’s a mobile phone application or

1) transit [5tr?nsIt] n. 運(yùn)輸

2) invest [In5vest] v. 投資，名詞形式為investment。

3) mode [m??d] n. 方式

4) Toyota Corolla 卡羅拉轎車(chē)，日本豐田公司在1966年推出的緊湊型小轎車(chē)，原中文名為“花冠”，從2006年的第十代車(chē)型開(kāi)始將其中文名改為“卡羅拉”。

5) van [v?n] n. 廂式貨車(chē)，面包車(chē)computer application.

Host:What about the cost of all this? How much is it gonna cost to really build out and6)maintaina system like this?

Ville:The7)bulkof the system, actually, it’s not any rocket-science software, so it will not be a big cost. But when we talk about economical efficiency of transportation system, we need to remember that—at least in Finland, that8)passenger carsare not in use 96 or 97% of the time. The9)capitalis tied up to the car, and that’s very ineffective use of capital. That’s lazy money, I would say. When there is not that big need for capital in cars, it makes the system much more effective, in terms of efficiency of both public money and private money.

Host:So, your expectation, then, is that this is going to be cheaper for everyone once it’s working.

Ville:Yes. This is going to be cheaper for the private person, the person that uses the system, and it will also be cheaper for the society.

Host:Let’s fast-forward, say, a decade. What do you imagine the streets of Helsinki would look like?

Ville:In the future, there’s a lot of parking10)availablebecause the cars are moving. Those cars that are needed, they take one passenger to place A to place B. Then they continue. So the amount of cars is maybe half of today, or even less. There’s much space in the city, there are lots more cyclists, lots more public transport users, and there are happy car users.

6) maintain [meIn5teIn] v. 維護(hù)，保養(yǎng)，維修

7) bulk [b?lk] n. 大部分，大半

8) passenger car 轎車(chē)，（9座以下的）小客車(chē)

9) capital [5k?pIt(?)l] n. 資本，資金

10) available [?5veIl?b(?)l] adj. 可得到的，可用的

The bulk of the system, actually, it’s not any rocket-science software, so it will not be a big cost.

我們?cè)谌粘?duì)話中有時(shí)聽(tīng)到別人說(shuō)rocket science——可別想當(dāng)然地以為他們?cè)谟懻摶鸺茖W(xué)這么“高大上”的問(wèn)題哦！這個(gè)詞組是比喻一門(mén)難懂的學(xué)問(wèn)、一些要有數(shù)學(xué)天分才能明白的問(wèn)題，或者錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜、高深莫測(cè)的事情。人們通常將這個(gè)詞組用在否定句里，如：Come on, don’t give me that look. It’s not exactlyrocket science. （得了，別給我擺臭臉，這又不是什么復(fù)雜的事情。）

與此相關(guān)的另外一個(gè)詞組是rocket scientist，本義是“火箭科學(xué)家”，也可以用來(lái)形容一些特別聰明的人。

主持人：赫爾辛基發(fā)展得很快。想為此做好準(zhǔn)備的城市規(guī)劃專家發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們需要給市民設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)更好的出行方式。而芬蘭首都的公共交通系統(tǒng)早已人滿為患，也沒(méi)有更多資金可以投資建設(shè)新的道路與公路。于是他們想出一個(gè)標(biāo)新立異的點(diǎn)子——“移動(dòng)即服務(wù)”，通過(guò)多種交通工具的綜合運(yùn)用，讓市民從此擺脫如何從甲地去到乙地的煩惱。維萊·萊赫穆斯科斯基是赫爾辛基交通運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃局局長(zhǎng)。

假設(shè)我是未來(lái)的赫爾辛基居民，等這個(gè)全新設(shè)計(jì)的交通系統(tǒng)投入運(yùn)營(yíng)以后，我要怎樣從甲地去到乙地呢？

維萊：在目前的交通系統(tǒng)中，很多人都有車(chē)，本人或者家里會(huì)有一兩輛私家車(chē)。不過(guò)呢，你在生活中會(huì)遇到各種不同的情況，如果你是“移動(dòng)即服務(wù)”的用戶，你在每趟行程中就可以開(kāi)到自己恰好需要或者想用的車(chē)型：比如有時(shí)候你需要一輛豐田卡羅拉，有時(shí)候你需要找輛面包車(chē)，有時(shí)候你又想開(kāi)開(kāi)跑車(chē)，比如法拉利什么的。你還可以選擇公共交通工具，可以騎單車(chē)，可以選擇各種不同款式的單車(chē)……你總能找到最適合自己的選擇。另外還有同樣重要的一點(diǎn)，你無(wú)須在這方面花什么錢(qián)。談到養(yǎng)車(chē)，那開(kāi)銷(xiāo)可不是個(gè)小數(shù)目。而參加“移動(dòng)即服務(wù)”，你只要每次用完付費(fèi)就可以了。

主持人：這項(xiàng)服務(wù)是怎么操作的呢？我是拿起電話打給服務(wù)供應(yīng)商，還是在線申請(qǐng)？

維萊：手機(jī)申請(qǐng)或者在線申請(qǐng)都可以。

主持人：整個(gè)系統(tǒng)要花多少錢(qián)？要真正建成這樣一個(gè)系統(tǒng)并進(jìn)行日常維護(hù)，這個(gè)開(kāi)銷(xiāo)有多大呢？

維萊：這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的主體部分其實(shí)并不是什么復(fù)雜難懂的軟件，所以費(fèi)用不會(huì)太高。不過(guò)，談到交通系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效率，我們需要記住——至少在芬蘭這里，許多小轎車(chē)有96%或97%的時(shí)間是閑置不用的。資金被綁定在車(chē)子上，這是一種資金使用率很低的做法。在我看來(lái)，這些都是閑置資金。如果人們?cè)谲?chē)子上的投入需求降低了，整個(gè)交通系統(tǒng)就會(huì)運(yùn)作得更有效率，無(wú)論從公共資金還是個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)都是如此。

主持人：所以按照你的預(yù)期，這項(xiàng)服務(wù)一旦投入使用，每個(gè)人都能省下一筆錢(qián)。

維萊：沒(méi)錯(cuò)。無(wú)論是對(duì)個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)使用這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的用戶來(lái)說(shuō)，還是對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)，交通都會(huì)變得更加便宜。

主持人：讓我們來(lái)展望一下吧——比如說(shuō)十年以后，你覺(jué)得到時(shí)候赫爾辛基的路況會(huì)是怎樣的呢？維萊：將來(lái)會(huì)有很多停車(chē)位，因?yàn)檐?chē)子總在路上跑。需要派上用場(chǎng)的小車(chē)會(huì)將乘客從甲地送往乙地，然后繼續(xù)上路。所以未來(lái)的車(chē)輛總數(shù)可能會(huì)比現(xiàn)在少一半，甚至更少。城里會(huì)有更多空間，會(huì)有更多人騎單車(chē)或者使用公共交通工具，開(kāi)車(chē)一族也會(huì)更高興。