留意連詞理清邏輯，準確解答閱讀題

陳雪芬

連詞表達了句際之間或連接成份之間的邏輯關系，命題人往往會利用他們之間的邏輯關系來命題，因此，我們在做閱讀理解時，一定要留意文章中的連詞，如and，but，however，while，because，so，as，no matter how...，so...that...等，特別是and， but和because，這對快速找到關鍵句和正確選出答案非常有用。

一、連詞and

[例1]（2011全國新課標卷閱讀理解A篇）

As a 5-year-old boy， I couldnt take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.

56. Mr Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer_______.

A. to show his magical power

B. to pay for the delivery

C. to satisfy his curiosity

D. to please his mother

解析：關鍵句“He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer（他在送牛奶時注意到這一點，于是就從他的零錢袋里拿出25分硬幣給我）”中，this（這一點）指的是“I couldnt take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt（我目不轉睛地看著系在他皮帶上的零錢袋）”，作者目不轉睛的原因，就是對零錢袋好奇；題目問“他從零錢袋里拿出25分硬幣給那個男孩的目的是什么？”就是滿足這個孩子的好奇心，故選C。

[例2]（2012全國新課標卷閱讀理解B篇）

Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar， it is also delicious. Most people， and many animals， like eating it. However， the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest and take the honey from it. Often， these nests are high up in trees， and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa， though， people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.

60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest？

A. Its small in size. B. Its hidden in trees.

C. Its covered with wax. D. Its hard to recognize.

解析：文中“Often， these nests are high up in trees， and it is difficult to find them（這些蜂窩常常在高高的樹上，因此人們很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它們）”；題目問“為什么很難發(fā)現(xiàn)野蜂窩？”是因為蜂窩藏在樹上，故選B。本題中的and也表示結果。

二、連詞but

[例3]（2016年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解B篇）

Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices， but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead①. Having your grandchildren far away is hard， especially knowing your adult child is struggling， but giving up the life you know may be harder.②

28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph？

A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own.

B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.

C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.

D. Get to know themselves better.

解析：根據(jù)此段①、②的信息推斷出作者的立場。由兩處but后的內容都能看出，關于是否要搬去同孩子住，作者建議人們要根據(jù)自身利益來作決定。故選A。

[例4]（2015年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解B篇）

When we touched down to blue skies and warm air， I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools， wine tasting， and pink sunsets（at normal evening hours， not 4 in the afternoon）filled the weekend， but the best part—particularly to my taste， dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.

25. What made the authors getting up late early worthwhile？

A. Having a swim.

B. Breathing in fresh air.

C. Walking in the morning sun.

D. Visiting a local farmers market.

解析：此題的答案信息在but之后的分句，the best part...was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call，據(jù)此可知選D。

[例5]（2014年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解B篇）

In 1897， the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons， but by then， no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County， Ohio， in 1900. For a time， a few birds survived under human care. The last of them， known affectionately as Martha， died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1， 1914.

27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan？

A. It was ignored by the public.

B. It was declared too late.

C. It was unfair.

D. It was strict.

解析：用題干中的law和Michigan在文中找到關鍵信息句在本段第一句，然后從but后的信息no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years （已有10年沒有見過成群結隊的鴿子）可知對禁止捕殺旅鴿的的法律出臺得太遲了，故本題選B。

三、連詞because

[例6]（2016全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解A篇）

Sandra Day OConnor（1930-present）

When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School， in 1952， she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator（參議員） and， in 1981， the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

22. What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm？

A. Her lack of proper training in law.

B. Her little work experience in court.

C. The discrimination against women.

D. The poor financial conditions.

解析：此題的答案信息在第一句中的because she was a woman，由此可知C項“The discrimination against women.”最接近題干所問的原因。

[例7]（2016年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解C篇）

I am peter Hodes， a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012， Ive done 89 trips—of those， 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干細胞）in my little box because

Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all， from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor（捐獻者）to the time they can be implanted in the patient， weve got 72 hours at most， so I am always conscious of time.

30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours？

A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.

B. The donor can only wait for that long.

C. The operation needs that much time.

D. The ice wont last any longer.

解析：答案信息在because后面的信息Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last，其中，that指代42 hours，they指代two ice packs，句意為“因為我有兩個冰袋，而42小時就是兩個冰袋能持續(xù)的時間”，故選D。

[例8]（2014年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解C篇）

This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best， the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things， and so we take less action， make less progress， and stay the same when we could be improving.

30. What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3？

A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Supportive.

解析：由題干中的定位詞experts在文中找到答題關鍵信息句This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best， the people... are left confused by all of the conflicting information，由此可知作者對專家的態(tài)度應該是懷疑的，故選B。

四、連詞less than

[例9]（2015年全國II卷閱讀理解B篇）

Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study， people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing， while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when its time to repaint， go blue.

26. A home environment in blue can help people_________.

A. digest food better

B. reduce food intake

C. burn more calories

D. regain their appetites

解析：用題干中的blue在文中找到答題關鍵信息句people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room，可知藍色的家庭環(huán)境可以讓人們吃得更少，即可以讓人們減少對食物的攝入量，故選B。

五、連詞just as

[例10]（2016年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D篇）

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people， just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore， when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops， what maybe implied（暗示）is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures， silence is a call for reflection.

33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？

A. The Chinese. B. The French.

C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians.

解析：根據(jù)本段中的“Many Native Americans value silence... just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.”和 “In these cultures， silence is a call for reflection.”可知，美國人、中國人和泰國人認為在談話時突然停下來是讓聽話的人思考所講的內容。故選A。

六、連詞no matter how /what /...

[例11]（2015年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解B篇）

Disappointed by many a broken， vine-ripened（蔓上成熟的）promise， Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store， once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry， hard， and tasteless. But I homed in， with uncertainty， on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms stand， full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal — and at that moment， I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.

26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter？

A. They are soft. B. They look nice.

C. They taste great. D. They are juicy.

解析：將題干中winter作為定位詞，很快找到此題的答案信息句“Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years”，接下去讀到“No matter how attractive they look in the store...theyre unfailingly dry， hard， and tasteless.”可知，本題的答案為B。

七、連詞so...that...

[例12]（2014年全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解B篇）

Passenger pigeons（旅鴿）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point， there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States...

24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries， passenger pigeons _______.

A. were the biggest bird in the world

B. lived mainly in the south of America

C. did great harm to the natural environment

D. were the largest bird population in the US

解析：解答本題的關系句是本段第二句Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群） so large that they darkened the sky for hours，將so large that...與各選項比較可知答案應為D。

責任編輯 蔣小青