寫作在閱讀中積淀在實踐中成長

丁淑萍

英語寫作在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中一直都是非常重要的一部分，如何提高寫作水平是每一位英語教師和學(xué)生必須要思考的問題。以讀促寫，這是一個符合語言習(xí)得規(guī)律的做法，大量的閱讀，對于提高寫作水平起著不可估量的作用。然而，讀什么？怎樣讀？效果如何？基于這些疑問，我們課題組的教師們提出了一種思路：通過泛讀和精讀英語名著簡寫本來提高學(xué)生英文感受力和書面表達能力。

參與課題研究之前，學(xué)生們的寫作大多局限于試卷上給出的話題作文或應(yīng)用文，語言和內(nèi)容因受到寫作任務(wù)的局限而稍顯刻板，沒有自己對于問題現(xiàn)象的深度思考和分析。而通過閱讀名著，學(xué)生們可以接觸到更為浩瀚博大的文學(xué)世界，對于語言文化也會有更深層次的理解，也因此會有更多的看法和想法。在課題實施的中期階段，學(xué)生們在閱讀過部分推薦書目之后，能夠用相對比較地道生動的語言寫一篇簡短的文學(xué)摘要，并附有自己的一些簡單的評價和感悟。

例如：2016年2月，1811班楊淑凱同學(xué)的一篇習(xí)作：“Call me theFirst One”。

Is a story about a man whose name is Ke En.It is his dream to be a teacher.However.the fate is quite unfair to him.He has a defect.whichmakes him unable to talk sentence by sentence.and because of the defect.he has a scary voice.Everyone keeps away from him so he has few friends.Whats worse，he callt even go to the theatres or appear in public.After reading the story.I have a dream.I dream that one day.everyone is equal.I dream that one day，everyone can avoid being ignored.

而到了課題實施的后期，學(xué)生的寫作能力就又上了一個臺階。他們寫作的重點已不再是著作內(nèi)容本身，而是通過對著作當(dāng)中的人物性格、語言特點、寫作背景等的分析來洞悉當(dāng)時的社會面貌和文化特征，從而對語言、文化有更為深層次的理解和感悟，進而聯(lián)想到當(dāng)今社會。例如：2016年5月1801班王舜同學(xué)的一篇習(xí)作“My Views of Wuthering Heights”。

In Wuthering Heights.EMIL Y BRONTE shows us what the true love is.Just like Heathcliff and Catherine.although they cant malty.the twosouls never separate from each other.She even uses the romantic skills togive the double characteristics of Heathcliff.His love for Catherme is cra-zy ad faithful，so does his hatred and revenge.He is not only a crazy lover，but also a crazy tyrant.This paper focuses On different aspects of Heath-cliff to show his distorted characteristics and the progress of changes inHeathcliffs destiny.The writer expresses her views that：losing lovemeans losing humanity，but she also convinces that recovering love meansrecovering humanity.At the end 0f the novel.Heathcliff finally recovershis humanity.because he finds a permanent home for his soul.Love is born from love.and hatred is born from love，too.

2016年5月1817班肖雨晨的一篇佳作：“The Bronte Story勃朗特一家的故事”。

The Bronte Story is written bv Tim Vicary.a British writer.Its plotsare at the view of Patrick Bronte.the father of the Brontes.Patrick used to live in a happy family which was made up of his six children and his gen-tle wife.Anne.Emily，Elizabeth，Charlotte and Maria were his daughters.some of them became famous writers later.Branwell.the son.lost himself in love and passed away in sadness.Though they lived happily for a period of time，because of poor health condition，they died Of sickness one by one.leaving Patrick alone in the world.

Among these characters.my favorite is Maria.She was the oldest.and was exactly the one who assumed most responsibilities after their motherleft.Maria，thoughonly at the age of eight，worked all day just like all adult.She helped the little ones t0 get washed and dressed.When entering the school.she wrote to his father and told him everything was fine.she saidthat she liked the school-work instead of telling him about the food.thecold 0r the unkind teachers.These were what Charlotte told him much lat-er.Even when she knew she was about to die.Maria said to his father.Dont cry，my dear father，I shall be with mother soon，and with God.What a poor but brave girl！

What does‘talentmean？Where does it form？Usually.n is consid-eredtobe given by god，only to those lucky gnys.Actually，we cant judgethem as simple as we think.It seems that talent cannot make people joy-full.but makes them be away from others instead.for talent is a kind 0fthing that cannot be shared.However.the story of the Brontes shows usthat talent is given to a family.Who taught them to write？Themselves！Through their own experiences，they felt more，they understood more，Sothat few people could write more wonderful than them.

At the same time.the family was given misfortunes.Facing adversi-ties.they chose to be positive rather than to be down hearted.Whatsnatched their lives was sickness but not their low spirits！Thats why I admire them from the bottom of my heart.

從以上不同時期學(xué)生習(xí)作成果不難看出，通過閱讀名作，學(xué)生已不再是最初的“無話可說、照著說”，而是眼界更為開闊，思想更為活躍，語言更為豐富，表述更為地道。正是有了這樣文化感知和積淀以及優(yōu)質(zhì)的語言信息的輸入，學(xué)生的習(xí)作水平定才會有質(zhì)的提高。

主線是讓學(xué)生意識到一篇優(yōu)秀的英文作文不是—蹴而就的，而是需要精心打磨的。學(xué)生們練習(xí)寫作文的步驟如下：第一步，8～lO分鐘寫出草稿；第二步，在原草稿上潤色；第三步，根據(jù)潤色后的稿子重寫；第四步，小組討論推選出最佳作品；第五部，大組輪流閱讀小組最佳作品，選出大組最佳作品；第六步，全班共同欣賞大組最佳作品；第七步，欣賞汲取他人優(yōu)點之后，再次獨立完成作文。第八步，組內(nèi)評價作文。我們作文課的主題叫做“Writingis apolishing process.”（寫作乃是—拋光打磨潤色之過程）。

經(jīng)過一段時間的程序化訓(xùn)練之后，學(xué)生的作文在內(nèi)容和語言形式上都有很大的提高，同時我們的學(xué)生在寫作方面積累了大量的優(yōu)美句型。為了使學(xué)生在寫作方面的優(yōu)勢擴大化，我們課題組的教師們總結(jié)出來潤色作文句型所需注意的五點。

Point I：Advanced structures and powerful words are to be appliedwhen the sentence is polished.潤色句子需要使用高級結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，比如非謂語動詞，倒裝句型強調(diào)句型的使用。

Point II：When a sentence is polished.varied words with the samemeaning should be included。潤色句子的過程是詞匯變化使用的過程。比如：1806班段一鳴的一段文章As far as I am concerned，I showmore interest in science.which is closer t0 nature.It is widely acknowl-edged that interest is the best teacher for study and my preference for sci-ence does help me a lot when facing complicated problems.Arts require a strong ability t0 recite and science demands the competence to think logi-cally.In addition.dreams are also an essential element.For example.apol-itician is a major 0f arts and a biologist should have a wide range ofknowledge in science.One more thing，suggestions given by families andfriends can also be considerable when making a choice.

漢語是意合性的語言，而英語是形合性的語言。因為漢語屬意合性語言，需要依靠詞語的簡單重復(fù)來增加句子的凝聚力，因此，漢語在討論同一事物時，往往采取重復(fù)相同詞語的手段。而英語由于有連詞等豐富的語言形態(tài)手段來確保句子的銜接與連貫，可以無所顧忌地追求詞語的變化。正因如此，英語寫作中一般應(yīng)避免重復(fù)同一語匯，而是提倡詞語變換。

學(xué)生如果能體會并感受到英語寫作中同義變詞的需要，就有可能在作文中寫出較為地道的英語句子。

Point III：The topic sentence should be included for each paragraph and put at the beginning of the paragraph.英語作文要有主題句的意識，主題句要放在段首。英語作文的觀點導(dǎo)人應(yīng)開門見山，不必迂回躲閃。這樣讀者能在第一時間把握主題，達到最好的交際效果。如：Inmy opinion， what Liyue and Zhanghua has done is pretty meaningful.Ithas been one of the Chinese traditional virtues to help the elderly.Theirbehavior is of great significance in awakening our awareness of helpingthe aged.I strongly advocate that all of us should learn from liyue andzhanghua.

Point IV： The supportive information following the topic sentenceshould be presented in a brief and sincere way.主題句呈現(xiàn)之后，要有簡潔而真誠的細節(jié)支撐信息。比如，1806班高迪洋的一段文章：The fol-lowing are the reasons why I chose science.Firstly， from my perspective，science is logical and full of fun compared with arts.Science attracts mycuriosity and drives me to explore the sea of the unknown.The happinesswhen I work out a science problem is beyond expression.Besides， I'mused to thinking rather than memorizing.Science suits me just the same。Also it' s my dream to become a doctor， so it' s of great importance for meto learn biology well。Though arts presented a colorful world， I decided tomajor in science.

Point V： High EQ is presented in the essay to show its communica-tive purpose.作者適度的情商要得以表現(xiàn)以達到交際的目的。比如，1806班岳澤恩的一段話：LiYue and ZhangHua，two volunteers fromClass 3，Grade 11 went to the Sunshine Nursing Home on May 1st.The el-derly people there were very happy to see their arrival.After a brief self-introduction， they presented the fruit that they brought to the elderly.Thenthey began to work.

本課題研究是希望能夠借助學(xué)生泛讀和精讀英語名著簡寫本來獲得語言輸入的力量從而寫出有關(guān)名著讀本的評價和感悟來提高英語語言的感受力和書面表達力。語言，作為人類傳播智慧的載體，學(xué)習(xí)它，應(yīng)該是一個美妙的過程，學(xué)習(xí)英語也應(yīng)如此。作為英語老師，我們要鼓勵學(xué)生大量閱讀，幫助學(xué)生琢磨英語表達的美妙之處，體會英語的精彩，接受英語文章里傳播的信息，讓英語成為生命的一部分。