馬壩之家，弗利姆斯，瑞士

建筑設(shè)計：費爾曼與布倫納建筑事務(wù)所

馬壩之家，弗利姆斯，瑞士

建筑設(shè)計：費爾曼與布倫納建筑事務(wù)所

1.2 木質(zhì)表皮使房屋與環(huán)境結(jié)合/The wooden shell integrates the house with its surroundings

這座弗利姆斯老城中心的新住宅與其前身處于同一位置，并保留了所有的凹凸起伏，從而確保了這座在鄉(xiāng)野氛圍中形成的建筑得以延續(xù)。細(xì)部的做工和天然材料的選擇符合了當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ娘L(fēng)格和對生態(tài)設(shè)計的需求，立面外掛素云杉板，使這座住宅與場地融為一體。

這座兩層的土木混合建筑底下是南向山坡上的半地下清水混凝土臺基。屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)和外墻是35mm的木板。承重的室外木殼由纖維素纖維提供高效保溫。不過，這座住宅的亮點或許是由當(dāng)?shù)卣惩林瞥傻暮煌猎煨秃诵?。它包括一個齊整的空間和樓梯間，外側(cè)梯段兩邊有木欄桿。精心布置的開口將光線引入建筑形體的深處，形成出人意料的視線，并將3層全部與起居室聯(lián)系起來。

夯土的蓄熱和蓄濕性能，加上其他墻面上的厚壤土涂層，帶來了良好的室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量和均衡的濕度，從而可以放心地省去機械通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)?！?（尚晉 譯）

The new house in Flim's old town center occupies exactly the same space as its predecessor and retains all its projections and recesses, thus ensuring the continued existence of the village structure that has evolved there. The fa?ade is clad with untreated spruce boards; the detail work and choice of natural materials, in compliance with the style of the local buildings and the demand for an ecological design, made it possible to integrate the house into the location.

The two-story timber-and-earth construction sits on a plinth made of fair-faced concrete half buried in the southern-facing slope. The roof construction and exterior walls consist of 35mm timber boards. The load-bearing external wooden shell is highly insulated with cellulose fibers. However, the highlight of the house is probably the sculptural rammed-earth core made of locally sourced clay. It includes a clear space and a staircase with offset flights flanked by earthen balustrades. Its precisely positioned apertures bring light into the depths of the building volumes, create unexpected sightlines, and connect the living space across all three floors.

Together with the thick applications of loam rendering on the other walls, the heat- and moisture-storage capacity of the rammed earth provides optimal indoor air quality and balanced humidity, so that a mechanical ventilation system could safely be dispensed with.□

3 樓梯間/View from the staircase

4 地下一層平面/Floor -1 plan

5 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

7 地下一層的壁爐/Fireplace in the basement living unit

6 二層平面，每層均可用作獨立公寓/Floor 1 plan, each floor can be used as an independent flat

8 從餐廳，透過廚房看向起居室/View from the dining room, through the kitchen to the living room

9 雕塑般的夯土墻位于房屋的中心貫穿3層空間/Thesculptural rammed earth core is situated in center of the house and connects all three storeys.

10 內(nèi)景走廊/Interior corridor

評論

張雯：馬壩之家中的夯土造樓梯，作為建筑的交通和造型核心，是一個在居住建筑中利用夯土建造的成功案例。此處的夯土被完全包裹在室內(nèi)，避免了夯土怕水、怕凍的弊端。同時，它自身的吸濕放濕和蓄熱功能因其在建筑的居中位置，能夠為全屋進(jìn)行微氣候調(diào)節(jié)，因此無論從功能上還是從空間形式上，3層通高的、雕塑般的夯土樓梯間都起到了彷如西方家庭壁爐的中心作用?，F(xiàn)場夯土的方式，方便了斜面墻體和樓梯欄板的制作。均勻的紋理、平整的面層、隱蔽的連接，工業(yè)化技術(shù)條件下的夯土擁有著與清水混凝土相似的簡潔純粹的表現(xiàn)性，但夯土這一“天然混凝土”無疑大大增添了居家的功用性能和暖意，其生態(tài)意義也是混凝土所無法替代的。

項目信息/Credits and Data

建筑設(shè)計/Architects: 費爾曼與布倫納建筑事務(wù)所/ Fehlmann Brunner Architekten (Zurich Switzerland)

客戶/Client: 私人/Private

木結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Engineering Timber Construction: Pius Schuler AG (Rothenthurm, Switzerland)

土結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Engineering Solid Construction: Liesch Ingenieure (Chur, Switzerland)

建筑面積/Floor Area: 367m2

夯土/Rammed Earth: 230m2, 169t

建造周期/Construction Phase: 2010-2011

攝影/Photos: Yves Reichenbach & Reto Wasser (fig. 1, 2, 10), Benedikt Redmann (fig.3, 9, 11), David Brunner & Deborah Fehlmann (fig.7, 8)

11 內(nèi)景/Interior view

12 剖面/Section

Comments

ZHANG Wen:As the core of both transportation and form, the staircase of House MaBa is a successful rammed-earth case in a residential building. Here, rammed earth is completely indoor, protected from rain, snow and freeze. At the same time, because of the central position, moisture and heat storage function of rammed earth can adjust the micro climate of the whole house. As such, this three-storey and sculptural rammed-earth staircase has been the center just like a fireplace playing its part in a western family, whatever in terms of its function and space form. The staircase was built on site and it's also convenient to make the inclined wall and stair board. With uniform texture, well-defined surface and hidden connection, the rammed earth under the condition of industrial technology presents pure and simple performance similar as concrete, but this "natural concrete" undoubtedly increases the residential function and warmth, and its ecological significance also cannot be replaced by concrete.

House MaBa, Flims, Switzerland, 2011

Architects: Fehlmann Brunner Architekten