沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)的千禧一代

文/伊麗莎白·加里斯譯/王飛虹

沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)的千禧一代

文/伊麗莎白·加里斯譯/王飛虹

編者按：本刊將陸續(xù)推出美國(guó)大學(xué)生寫的隨筆，這些隨筆原汁原味、新鮮生動(dòng)，供稿人王飛虹是美國(guó)北卡羅來(lái)納大學(xué)教堂山分校發(fā)展心理學(xué)博士。王博士現(xiàn)在美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)和圣達(dá)菲大學(xué)執(zhí)教，同時(shí)主導(dǎo)家庭互動(dòng)與兒童行為情感發(fā)展方面的研究。在心理學(xué)教學(xué)實(shí)踐中，王博士鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生在課外進(jìn)行文字創(chuàng)作，審視自己和他人的學(xué)習(xí)、工作和生活狀態(tài)，更深層次地理解自己、他人與社會(huì)，充分發(fā)掘、表達(dá)和實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值，推動(dòng)積極價(jià)值觀的傳遞和國(guó)際文化交流。歡迎讀者提供反饋意見(jiàn)。

美國(guó)人經(jīng)常是離不開手機(jī)。走在美國(guó)的任何大街小巷上，你都會(huì)看到人們已經(jīng)把手機(jī)當(dāng)作身體之延伸。在某種程度上，他們這樣做也沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。手機(jī)是通往社交媒體世界的門戶。在這個(gè)媒體平臺(tái)，人們可以展現(xiàn)出想要世界看到的任何版本的自己。社交媒體，特別是對(duì)千禧一代來(lái)說(shuō)，用來(lái)宣揚(yáng)一個(gè)人的理想自我，同時(shí)借助這個(gè)平臺(tái)，來(lái)判斷旁人是否過(guò)得精彩。尤其對(duì)于千禧一代，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和社交媒體已經(jīng)通過(guò)手機(jī)、iPad、筆記本電腦和臺(tái)式電腦而固化為美國(guó)社會(huì)的生活方式。觸手可及的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)助長(zhǎng)了人們對(duì)Me世代的刻板印象——主要指千禧一代癡迷于別人如何在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間中認(rèn)知他們。

Americans are always glued to their phones; you could walk down any street within the United States and see people treating their phone like an extension of themselves. In a way, they are not wrong to do so—phones are a gateway2gateway方法；手段。to the world of social media where people are able to project any version of themselves that they wish for the world to see. Social media, particularly for millennials3指出生于20世紀(jì)時(shí)未成年，在跨入21世紀(jì)（即2000年）以后達(dá)到成年年齡的一代。, is used to promote a person’s ideal self while simultaneously serving as an outlet4outlet（感情、思想、精力發(fā)泄的）出路；表現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)。to gauge5gauge判定，判斷（尤指人的感情或態(tài)度）。the excitement of the lives of those around them. Between cell phones, iPads, laptops, and desktops, the internet and social media are institutions6institution風(fēng)俗；生活方式。within American society, particularly for millennials. This access7access接觸，入口，指通過(guò)各種電子產(chǎn)品上網(wǎng)及加入網(wǎng)上社交媒體。promotes the“Generation Me8美國(guó)圣地亞哥州立大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授珍·M.特文格（Jean M. Twenge）曾于2006年出版《Me世代：年輕人的處境與未來(lái)》（ Generation Me: Why Today’s Young Americans Are More Con fi dent, Assertive, Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before）一書，書里所謂的“Me世代”，指的是1970年代以后出生的美國(guó)人，作者認(rèn)為他們的特質(zhì)是：高度自尊、外控性格、高壓生存、平權(quán)意識(shí)。” stereotype, mainly that millennials are obsessed with how they are perceived by others through cyber space.

[2]讓我給你描繪一張美國(guó)普通大學(xué)生的生活畫面：一天始于鬧鐘喚你起床，隨后就是馬上查看推特、Instagram、Snapchat和臉書等社交媒體上的更新信息。通過(guò)這些平臺(tái)了解了朋友和家人的最新生活動(dòng)態(tài)之后，你現(xiàn)在可以安心開始新的一天，準(zhǔn)備好上課了。然而，一旦開始上課，又有各種誘惑，如手機(jī)里信息更新的提醒聲、上網(wǎng)和教室之外的人聯(lián)系，而不是專注于你面前正在講課的教授。然后你會(huì)和一些朋友湊在一起吃個(gè)午飯。當(dāng)你抬頭暫離手機(jī)屏幕時(shí)，才意識(shí)到五分鐘之內(nèi)還沒(méi)有人說(shuō)一個(gè)字！他們也都在看他們的手機(jī)。對(duì)這個(gè)沉默的場(chǎng)面你也不足為怪，繼續(xù)查看你的手機(jī)，直到最終去上其余的課程，并完成已被你拖延的作業(yè)。當(dāng)這一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候，你禁不住要再次查看完你所有的社交媒體朋友圈才能最后閉上眼睛睡覺(jué)，而第二天又是同樣的惡性循環(huán)。

[2] Let me paint you a picture of the average university student in the United States: The day starts off with an alarm clock waking you up, which is quickly followed by checking social media such as Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat9Instagram和Snapchat目前在美國(guó)盛行，但還沒(méi)在中國(guó)推廣，前者以分享圖片和錄像出名，后者側(cè)重于限時(shí)圖片、文字、多媒體信息分享，用戶集中于千禧一代。, and Facebook. After you have been updated about the lives of your friends and familyvia those platforms, you can now start your day and get ready for your classes. Once in these classes, however, you are tempted by your buzzing phone and access to the internet to get in contact with those outside of your classroom walls, rather than pay attention to the lecturing professor in front of you. Then you grab lunch with some friends, only to look up from your screen to realize that no one has said a word in five minutes and instead are looking at their phones as well. Not thinking anything particularly strange about this silent scene, you continue on your phone and eventually go to the rest of your classes and complete homework that you have procrastinated10procrastinate拖延，推遲。on doing. Once the day has come to an end, you feel compelled to check all forms of social media again before finally being able to shut your eyes only to repeat this vicious cycle the next day.

[3]雖然并不是所有美國(guó)大學(xué)生都如上所述，但這幅畫面的確體現(xiàn)了大多數(shù)美國(guó)大學(xué)生的常態(tài)。手機(jī)相當(dāng)有利于與親人保持聯(lián)系和與世界各地的新朋友建立聯(lián)系，太多的時(shí)候，人們看來(lái)是選擇這種方式交流而非言語(yǔ)溝通。太多的時(shí)候，青少年和年輕人會(huì)坐在桌邊用手機(jī)發(fā)短信，而不是和身邊的人互動(dòng)以留下新的回憶。太多的時(shí)候，人們對(duì)著屏幕獨(dú)自暗笑，而不是和身邊的人開開玩笑，跟現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的親朋增進(jìn)感情。我們很容易屈服于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的誘惑，但大多數(shù)人并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到要為此付出代價(jià)。

[3] While that depiction may not be true for all American students, it does account for11account for說(shuō)明。the mass majority. Phones can be extremely beneficial for keeping in contact with loved ones from home and forming bonds12bond聯(lián)系。with new people from all over the world, but too often it is seen that people choose this outlet over verbal communication. Too often are teenagers and young adults texting at the table rather than making new memories with the humans around them. Too often are people chuckling into screens rather than cracking jokes with13crack jokes with與人開玩笑，講笑話。those around them and fostering the bonds with those who are actually present. It is easy to succumb to14succumb to屈服于。the temptations held by the internet, but most people do not realize the cost it has.

[4]社交媒體本來(lái)是可以用來(lái)推動(dòng)公益事業(yè)、傳播善意話語(yǔ)的?？伤部赡鼙粸E用，導(dǎo)致你和本應(yīng)該關(guān)心的人斗嘴?！熬W(wǎng)絡(luò)霸凌”，一個(gè)前人未曾聽聞的概念，現(xiàn)在卻極為盛行。“Me世代”中的許多人正在使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來(lái)嘲弄他人，程度之極端直逼底線?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)這個(gè)虛擬世界讓懦弱的人有了膽量。人們覺(jué)得自己在虛擬平臺(tái)的行為和言語(yǔ)不會(huì)造成任何后果，因?yàn)樗麄兛床坏阶约旱难孕薪o他人帶來(lái)的痛苦。

[4] Rather than using the power of social media to do good and help spread words of kindness, it can be abused and used to bicker with15bicker with與人發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。those that you should care about. “Cyberbullying”, a concept not present in past generations, is now an epidemic16epidemic（風(fēng)尚、思潮、愛(ài)好等的)一時(shí)流行，盛行。. Many of those in “Generation Me” are using the internet to tease and ridicule others to points of extreme duress17duress脅迫。. The internet gives cowards bravery; people feel like their actions and words have no repercussions18repercussion后果。because they cannot see the ache it causes another.

[5]千禧一代也通常錯(cuò)把屏幕上出現(xiàn)的任何信息都當(dāng)作真理，而往往那些信息是不可靠的、夸大其詞的，甚至是捏造的。而這些被偽飾的“真理”通常被用來(lái)支持有誤導(dǎo)的看法，用作攻擊他人的武器。這里所說(shuō)的看法之于千禧一代已儼然是“事實(shí)”的同義詞。在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)月中，有關(guān)特朗普總統(tǒng)的爭(zhēng)議甚囂塵上，人們?cè)诨ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上以言論為武器肆意發(fā)布言論彼此攻擊已成家常便飯，導(dǎo)致大家因意見(jiàn)的分歧而相互“拉黑好友”。因著這些溝通誤區(qū)，社交媒體把人一個(gè)個(gè)地拘囿于其網(wǎng)上的個(gè)人資料頁(yè)。

[5] Millennials are also under the impression19under the impression覺(jué)得，認(rèn)為。that whatever information shows up on their screens must be taken as truth, when more often than not the material is unreliable, exaggerated, or even falsi fi ed. These masked “truths” are often used to support opinions (“Opinions” being a term that millennials often fi nd to be synonymous with “facts”) that are misled and used as weapons against others. Within the last few months, as controversies over President Trumparose, swinging20swing拋出。words and opinions like weapons via the internet have become the norm on social media, leading people to “unfriend” one another over differences of opinion. Through these miscommunications, social media is confining individuals into21confine into局限于。their online pro fi les.

[6]但社交媒體并不都是不好的，而且從溝通錯(cuò)位和負(fù)能量的網(wǎng)絡(luò)廢墟中也可以撈出金子般好的東西。比如說(shuō)，人們?nèi)匀豢梢允褂蒙缃幻襟w與遠(yuǎn)方的朋友和家人進(jìn)行聯(lián)絡(luò)。這種能讓舊日友情被重新點(diǎn)燃的可能性正是社交媒體的極大魅力所在?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)把我們所有人都連接起來(lái)，這是老一輩人所不可想象的。點(diǎn)擊幾下按鈕，通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，一個(gè)人就可以讓另一個(gè)人笑，或者給困境中的朋友傳遞希望和鼓勵(lì)的話，或者甚至幫助修補(bǔ)已破碎的關(guān)系。當(dāng)技術(shù)用于這些目的的時(shí)候，它并不是將一個(gè)人與另一個(gè)人隔開了，而是將他們團(tuán)結(jié)到一起。最重要的是，應(yīng)該以這樣的方式使用社交媒體，從而促進(jìn)人與人的關(guān)系而不是阻礙。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是一種很容易陷入的漩渦，但我們必須找到一種平衡，在穿越虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界的同時(shí)立足于現(xiàn)實(shí)。 □

[6] Social media is not all bad, however, and good can be salvaged22salvage 搶救（失事船舶、火災(zāi)等中的財(cái)物）。from the wreck23wreck破毀物；殘骸。of miscommunication and negativity. People are still able to use social media to connect with friends and family who live a great distance away. These rekindling of old friendships are a large part of what makes social media beautiful. The internet connects us all in a way that was unconceivable to past generations. With a few clicks of a button, someone could make another person smile, or give words of hope and encouragement to a friend in need, or even help mend a broken relationship. When technology is used for this reason, it is not barring one person from24bar from不準(zhǔn)；禁止。the next, but instead joining them together. The most important thing is to use social media in such a way that promotes relationships, rather than hindering them. Cyber space is a vortex25vortex渦流，漩渦。that is easy to get caught up in, but we must fi nd a balance to keep both feet in reality while traversing26traverse橫越。the online world.

Millennials: Caught in Cyber Space

ByElizabeth Garis1

1 About the author: Elizabeth Garis is a twenty-year-old from New Jersey and currently a student at the University of Florida. She is majoring in Psychology, with a minor in Education, and hopes to one day become a school psychologist or guidance counselor. She truly loves to help others and wants to be an aid to students during their stressful times. Being a part of a community at college is an important part of her life right now and, it is through the influences of her peers and teachers that she is able to find her root as a student, and as a person.

伊麗莎白·加里斯今年20歲，來(lái)自美國(guó)新澤西州，現(xiàn)在佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)主修心理學(xué)，輔修教育學(xué)。她希望有朝一日成為一名心理咨詢教師或輔導(dǎo)員，這也是她的愛(ài)好。因?yàn)樗娴臉?lè)于助人，想在學(xué)生們壓力大的時(shí)候給他們提供幫助。目前來(lái)說(shuō)，做好大學(xué)社區(qū)的一分子是她生活中一個(gè)重要的部分，正是在同學(xué)和老師的影響下，她才能找到作為學(xué)生和個(gè)人的歸屬感。