推薦論文摘要

李陽，薛兆杰

推薦論文摘要

中國石化油氣田開發(fā)工程技術(shù)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)與發(fā)展方向

李陽，薛兆杰

油氣田開發(fā)工程技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，為原油生產(chǎn)的穩(wěn)定增長和天然氣的快速發(fā)展提供了重要的支撐，但是開發(fā)對象日趨復(fù)雜化以及持續(xù)的低油價(jià)，需要開發(fā)工程技術(shù)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，形成適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)的、成本更低的配套開發(fā)技術(shù)?？偨Y(jié)了中國石化油氣開發(fā)的趨勢及工程技術(shù)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，分析了高含水老油田、深層油氣、非常規(guī)油氣、深水油氣對開發(fā)工程技術(shù)的需求，提出了開發(fā)工程技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向，并從工程技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)適應(yīng)性、研發(fā)試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)建設(shè)等方面提出加快工程技術(shù)發(fā)展的建議。這對推動(dòng)油氣開發(fā)工程技術(shù)發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)我國油氣資源的高效開發(fā)、保障國家能源供應(yīng)具有重要意義。

油氣田開發(fā)；工程技術(shù)；技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)；發(fā)展方向；中國石化

來源出版物：石油鉆探技術(shù), 2016(1): 1-5

深水油氣勘探開發(fā)技術(shù)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與趨勢

呂建中，郭曉霞，楊金華

摘要：海洋是全球油氣資源的重點(diǎn)接替區(qū)之一，深水將成為未來海上油氣開發(fā)的主戰(zhàn)場，深水在全球勘探開發(fā)投資、儲(chǔ)量增長和產(chǎn)量等領(lǐng)域占有重要的地位，成為國際大石油公司爭相布局的重要領(lǐng)域。然而除了涉及資金量巨大、對項(xiàng)目運(yùn)作管理要求高等挑戰(zhàn)外，深水勘探開發(fā)還要面臨嚴(yán)酷的自然及氣候條件、水深、低溫、淺層地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、作業(yè)安全等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此，深水油氣勘探開發(fā)成為技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的重要領(lǐng)域。在各個(gè)專業(yè)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，創(chuàng)新技術(shù)都在降本增效、提高作業(yè)安全性方面發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵的作用。在梳理深水勘探開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀、分析總結(jié)深水油氣勘探開發(fā)面臨的五大技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，歸納總結(jié)創(chuàng)新技術(shù)在深水自動(dòng)化、海底化、多功能化和革新性方面取得的進(jìn)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：深水；勘探；開發(fā)；技術(shù)；現(xiàn)狀；趨勢

來源出版物：石油鉆采工藝, 2015 (1): 1-6

聯(lián)系郵箱：呂建中，lvjz@cnpc.com.cn

油水分離技術(shù)

吳應(yīng)湘，許晶禹

摘要：隨著油田開采時(shí)間的增長，產(chǎn)出液中含水率逐年增加，部分井液的含水率高達(dá)95%以上，給目前已有的處理工藝帶來新的挑戰(zhàn)。為了解決這些問題，急需研發(fā)新型的油水分離技術(shù)，以解決傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)所遇到的瓶頸。該文結(jié)合目前油氣開發(fā)的新需求，系統(tǒng)地介紹了油水分離的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀，討論了含油污水深度處理技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)，分析了未來油水分離技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢。同時(shí)，結(jié)合力學(xué)研究所研制的新型管道式油水分離技術(shù)，詳細(xì)介紹了柱型分離、導(dǎo)流片型分離、以及T型管分離等新技術(shù)，提出了新型管道式分離技術(shù)具有的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢，可解決稠油開采、海底作業(yè)、以及井下分離等難題，指明了技術(shù)發(fā)展方向。

關(guān)鍵詞：油水分離；含油污水處理；管道式分離技術(shù)

來源出版物：力學(xué)進(jìn)展, 2015, 45(1): 179-216

深海天然氣田開發(fā)工程模式探討

白建輝，單連政，易成高，等

摘要：傳統(tǒng)深海天然氣田開發(fā)工程模式是通過鋪設(shè)海底管道將天然氣田產(chǎn)物輸送至陸地，由于受水深、海底地形、技術(shù)可行性及天然氣田經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等多種因素的制約，限制了其在深海天然氣田開發(fā)中的應(yīng)用。FLNG裝置或 CNG船與海上天然氣生產(chǎn)設(shè)施組合為新型的深海天然氣田開發(fā)工程模式，以投資相對較低、建設(shè)周期短、靈活機(jī)動(dòng)性好及目標(biāo)市場可選范圍廣等優(yōu)點(diǎn)備受關(guān)注。通過調(diào)研FLNG裝置及 CNG船的技術(shù)發(fā)展概況，詳細(xì)分析了3種適合深海天然氣田開發(fā)工程模式的特點(diǎn)，對比總結(jié)出深海天然氣田開發(fā)工程模式優(yōu)選的參考條件。以FLNG裝置及 CNG船為代表的深海天然氣田新型開發(fā)技術(shù)將打破傳統(tǒng)深海天然氣田開發(fā)工程模式，成為深海油氣開發(fā)技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要里程碑。

關(guān)鍵詞：天然氣；開發(fā)工程模式；深海；FLNG；CNG

來源出版物：航空制造技術(shù), 2015, 476(7): 48-52

我國海洋油氣開發(fā)與未來潛力分析

李志忠，趙宏偉，周昶，等

摘要：文章通過對我國海洋油氣開發(fā)生產(chǎn)歷史的梳理，指出我國近海盆地油氣產(chǎn)量增長的巨大基礎(chǔ)在于油氣新領(lǐng)域的一次次突破。同時(shí)，在總結(jié)我國海洋油氣資源開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，對當(dāng)前我國海洋油氣資源新領(lǐng)域突破前景及方向進(jìn)行了探討。

關(guān)鍵詞：海洋油氣；跨越發(fā)展；新領(lǐng)域；未來潛力

來源出版物：中國能源, 2015, 37(4): 41-44

“井工廠”技術(shù)在我國非常規(guī)油氣開發(fā)中的應(yīng)用

張金成，孫連忠，王甲昌，等

摘要：“井工廠”技術(shù)能大幅度提高作業(yè)效率、降低工程成本，在致密油氣、頁巖油氣等低滲透、低品位的非常規(guī)油氣開發(fā)中具有顯著的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢，因此該技術(shù)在北美地區(qū)進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模應(yīng)用，取得了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。為了使該技術(shù)更好地應(yīng)用于我國非常規(guī)油氣開發(fā)中，在詳細(xì)闡述“井工廠”技術(shù)的概念和特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，介紹了國外該技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀，梳理了國內(nèi)中國石油、中國石化對該技術(shù)的探索應(yīng)用情況，并分析指出，國內(nèi)配套的裝備儀器還不能完全適應(yīng)“井工廠”作業(yè)的需求，還沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的流水線式施工，還沒有形成一套成熟的“井工廠”作業(yè)模式。因此，建議樹立“全過程低成本”的基本理念，總結(jié)我國致密氣藏開發(fā)的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，有針對性地集成和發(fā)展相配套的工程技術(shù)，設(shè)立“井工廠”技術(shù)項(xiàng)目部，規(guī)范管理，以形成真正符合我國非常規(guī)油氣資源類型和開發(fā)規(guī)律的“井工廠”技術(shù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：非常規(guī)油氣；井工廠；鉆井；完井；壓裂

來源出版物：石油鉆探技術(shù), 2014, 42(1): 20-25

聯(lián)系郵箱：張金成，zhangjc.sripe@sinopec.com

關(guān)鍵詞：shale gas development; environmental impacts; enforcement and compliance; monitoring; reporting and verification

來源出版物：Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2015, 121, 73-81

Unconventional natural gas development and birth outcomes in Pennsylvania, USA

Casey, JA; Savitz, DA; Rasmussen, SG; et al.

Abstract:Background: Unconventional natural gas development has expanded rapidly. In Pennsylvania, the number of producing wells increased from 0 in 2005 to3689 in 2013. Few publications have focused on unconventional natural gas development and birth outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data on 9384 mothers linked to 10946 neonates in the Geisinger Health System from January 2009 to January 2013. We estimated cumulative exposure to unconventional natural gas development activity with an inverse-distance squared model that incorporated distance to the mother’s home; dates and durations of well pad development, drilling, and hydraulic fracturing; and production volume during the pregnancy. We used multilevel linear and logistic regression models to examine associations between activity index quartile and term birth weight, preterm birth, low 5-minute Apgar score and small size for gestational age birth, while controlling for potential confounding variables. Results: In adjusted models, there was an association between unconventional natural gas development activity and preterm birth that increased across quartiles, with a fourth quartile odds ratio of 1.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.0, 1.9). There were no associations of activity with Apgar score, small for gestational age birth, or term birth weight (after adjustment for year). In a posthoc analysis, there was an association with physician-recorded high-risk pregnancy identified from the problem list (fourth vs. first quartile, 1.3Conclusion: Prenatal residential exposure to unconventional natural gas development activity was associated with two pregnancy outcomes, adding to evidence that unconventional natural gas development may impact health.

來源出版物：Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2016, 27(2): 163-172

聯(lián)系郵箱：Schwartz, BS; bschwar1@jhu.edu

A study on the future of unconventional oil development under different oil price scenarios: A systemdynamics approach

Hosseini, SH; Shakouri, GF

Abstract:Fluctuations in the oil global market has been a critical topic for the world economy so that analyzing and forecasting the conventional oil production rate has been examined by many researchers thoroughly. However, the dynamics of the market has not been studied systematically with regard to the new emerging competitors, namely unconventional oil. In this paper, the future trend of conventional and unconventional oil production and capacity expansion rates are analyzed using system dynamics approach. To do so, a supply-side modeling approach is utilized while main effective loops are modeled mathematically as follows: technological learning and progress, long and short-term profitability of oil capacity expansion and production, and oil proved reserve limitations. The proposed model is used to analyze conventional and unconventional oil production shares, up to 2025, under different oil price scenarios. The results show that conventional oil production rate ranges from 79.995 to 87.044 MB/day, which is 75–80 percent of total oil production rate, while unconventional oil production rate ranges from 19.615 to 28.584 MB/day. Simulation results reveal that unconventional oil can gain a considerable market share in the short run, although conventional oil will remain as the major source for the market in the long run.

關(guān)鍵詞：conventional oil production; unconventional oil production; oil price; scenario analysis; system dynamics

來源出版物：Energy Policy, 2016, 91: 64-74

聯(lián)系郵箱：Hosseini, SH; s.h.hosseini@ut.ac.ir

Characterization and analysis of liquid waste from marcellus shale gas development

Shih, JS; Saiers, JE; Anisfeld, SC; et al.

Abstract:Hydraulic fracturing of shale for gas production in Pennsylvania generates large quantities of wastewater, the composition of which has been inadequately characterized. We compiled a unique data set from staterequired wastewater generator reports filed in 2009–2011. The resulting data set, comprising 160 samples of flowback, produced water, and drilling wastes, analyzed for 84 different chemicals, is the most comprehensive available to date for Marcellus Shale wastewater. We analyzed the data set using the Kaplan–Meier method to deal with the high prevalence of nondetects for some analytes, and compared wastewater characteristics with permitted effluent limits and ambient monitoring limits and capacity. Major-ion concentrations suggested that most wastewater samples originated from dilution of brines, although some of our samples were more concentrated than any Marcellus brines previously reported. One problematic aspect of this wastewater was the very high concentrationsof soluble constituents such as chloride, which are poorly removed by wastewater treatment plants; the vast majority of samples exceeded relevant water quality thresholds, generally by 2–3 orders of magnitude. We also examine the capacity of regional regulatory monitoring to assess and control these risks.

來源出版物：Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(16): 9557-9565

聯(lián)系郵箱：Olmstead, SMM; sheila.olmstead@austin. utexas.edu

Characterization and analysis of liquid waste from Marcellus Shale gas development

Shih, JS; Saiers, JE; Anisfeld, SC; et al.

Abstract:Hydraulic fracturing of shale for gas production in Pennsylvania generates large quantities of wastewater, the composition of which has been inadequately characterized. We compiled a unique data set from state-required wastewater generator reports filed in 2009–2011. The resulting data set, comprising 160 samples of flowback, produced water, and drilling wastes, analyzed for 84 different chemicals, is the most comprehensive available to date for Marcellus Shale wastewater. We analyzed the data set using the Kaplan–Meier method to deal with the high prevalence of nondetects for some analytes, and compared wastewater characteristics with permitted effluent limits and ambient monitoring limits and capacity. Major-ion concentrations suggested that most wastewater samples originated from dilution of brines, although some of our samples were more concentrated than any Marcellus brines previously reported. One problematic aspect of this wastewater was the very high concentrations of soluble constituents such as chloride, which are poorly removed by wastewater treatment plants; the vast majority of samples exceeded relevant water quality thresholds, generally by 2–3 orders of magnitude. We also examine the capacity of regional regulatory monitoring to assess and control these risks.

來源出版物：Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 49(16): 9557-9565

聯(lián)系郵箱：Olmstead, SMM, sheila.olmstead@austin. utexas.edu

編輯：王微

Catching environmental noncompliance in shale gas development in China and the United States

Guo, MY; Xu, Y; Chen, YQD; et al.

Coal is the top fuel for power generation in both China and the United States. Its replacement is one critical method to mitigate the serious environmental impacts. Natural gas is associated with much less air pollution and is one of the most important alternative fuels. In the United State shale gas – one key type of unconventional natural gas – has become a disruptive energy resource during the past years. China has the world's largest resource of shale gas, and it is keen to develop them to alleviate unacceptable air pollution and to ensure energy security. However, one big obstacle standing between the ambition and the reality is the potentially serious environmental impacts caused by shale gas development. We construct an analytical framework, focusing on the coverage and implementability of monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems, to qualitatively evaluate the probability of detecting noncompliance – for enhancing compliance – in China and the United States on three prominent environmental impacts, including water contamination, water consumption and methane leakage. China should improve significantly on the implementability dimension and pay urgent attention to currently weak MRV systems on water contamination. The United States needs to extend the MRV coverage of ground water consumption. Only when the environmental impacts in shale gas development were effectively controlled, the fuel switching to replace coal could bring significant environmental gains.