推薦論文摘要

劉敏霞，楊玉義，李慶孝，等

推薦論文摘要

中國近海海洋環(huán)境多氯聯(lián)苯（PCBs）污染現(xiàn)狀及影響因素

劉敏霞，楊玉義，李慶孝，等

對中國近海海洋環(huán)境（水體、表層沉積物和生物體）中多氯聯(lián)苯（PCBs）的空間分布、污染程度、來源及影響因素進行了總結(jié)，得出如下結(jié)果：（1）我國近海海域水體中，PCBs的含量水平呈現(xiàn)由北向南逐漸增加的趨勢，以東部沿海工農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)達地區(qū)為最高，我國大部分近海海域水體中PCBs都超過美國EPA制定的30 ng·L-1的標準，污染比較嚴重；（2）我國近海海域表層沉積物中PCBs只有小部分超過ISQG（interim sediment quality guideline）和ERL（effects range-low）值，引起生物負效應的幾率比較小，污染程度較輕；（3）生物體內(nèi)富集的PCBs以4、5和6等高氯代聯(lián)苯為主，其含量都低于《食品中污染物限量標準》2000 ng·g-1，不會對人類健康造成影響。（4）我國近海海洋環(huán)境中PCBs主要來源于周圍大型工廠排放的廢水以及電子垃圾拆解造成的PCBs泄漏，影響PCBs含量水平的主要因素有距離陸地的遠近程度、水流交換情況、水量大小、季節(jié)的變化、沉積物顆粒大小、有機碳含量等等。

近海海洋環(huán)境；多氯聯(lián)苯；空間分布；污染現(xiàn)狀；影響因素

來源出版物：環(huán)境科學, 2013, 34(8): 3309-3315

長江三角洲經(jīng)濟區(qū)海域沉積物重金屬分布特征及環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價

劉珊珊，張勇，龔淑云，等

摘要：基于長三角經(jīng)濟區(qū)1871個近海海域表層沉積物地球化學分析數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)合相關(guān)地質(zhì)資料，闡述了該區(qū)海域沉積物重金屬含量及分布規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明，研究區(qū)表層沉積物重金屬平均含量：As為8.12×10-6、Cd為101.53×10-9、Cr為74.79×10-6、Cu為19.33×10-6、Hg為34.87×10-9、Pb為22.31×10-6、Zn為67.13×10-6；空間分布上，元素含量從象山到樂清沿岸普遍偏高，而最低含量區(qū)見于江蘇海岸；以綜合指數(shù)法進行環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價結(jié)果顯示，重污染區(qū)分布在長江口河道內(nèi)，輕污染分布在長江口附近海域、寧波—溫州附近海域，清潔區(qū)主要分布在蘇北海域。

關(guān)鍵詞：沉積物；重金屬；環(huán)境評價；長江三角洲經(jīng)濟區(qū)

來源出版物：海洋地質(zhì)與第四紀地質(zhì), 2013, 33(5): 63-71

雷州半島近岸海域水環(huán)境質(zhì)量綜合評價

時翠，林進清，薛峭

摘要：采用單因子指數(shù)法、富營養(yǎng)化指數(shù)法和模糊綜合評價法定量評價雷州半島西岸海域水體環(huán)境質(zhì)量，分析其影響因素，并提出污染防治對策。結(jié)果表明：（1）表層海水中的石油類和PO4-P兩項評價指標嚴重超標，超標率達100%；部分站位的pH、Cr6等指標存在著超標現(xiàn)象。（2）除站位HND5外，海域水質(zhì)均處于低貧營養(yǎng)化水平，且西南部海域水質(zhì)富營養(yǎng)化程度小于東北部海域，部分站位PO4-P含量超出第三類水質(zhì)，存在一定的污染危險。（3）從水質(zhì)排序看，西部海域水環(huán)境質(zhì)量高于東部海域。模糊隸屬度高值區(qū)出現(xiàn)在樂民港、鹽灶、江洪港和蛋場港附近，以及江洪港灣內(nèi)和蛋場港灣內(nèi)。（4）表層海水中部分檢測項目超標是受近海作業(yè)、船舶油污水和上游污染物的影響；近海作業(yè)逐年增多，海洋捕撈、海產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展迅猛，造成江洪港附近海域石油類、PO4-P和部分重金屬超標嚴重；樂民港及鹽灶附近水質(zhì)較差可能是由于鐵山港的污染物順流而下所致。

關(guān)鍵詞：雷州半島；海水環(huán)境質(zhì)量；近岸海域；綜合評價

來源出版物：熱帶地理, 2013, 33(4): 387-393

減排約束下我國近海海域環(huán)境規(guī)制的演化博弈研究

袁芳

摘要：基于演化博弈視角，以不同代際涉海類企業(yè)行動可調(diào)整性、政府監(jiān)管以及系統(tǒng)參數(shù)動態(tài)變化為出發(fā)點，構(gòu)建減排約束下我國近海海域環(huán)境規(guī)制的演化博弈模型，并對各利益主體之間的策略穩(wěn)定性和演化過程進行推演和證明，在此基礎(chǔ)上對有效海洋監(jiān)管政策的關(guān)鍵要素進行梳理。同時采用2000—2010年我國海域傾廢行政執(zhí)法相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)對理論模型進行驗證。最后針對我國近海海域環(huán)境規(guī)制提出相關(guān)政策建議。

關(guān)鍵詞：減排約束；演化博弈；環(huán)境規(guī)制；復制者動態(tài)

來源出版物：生態(tài)經(jīng)濟, 2013, (5): 29-34

小尺度海洋生態(tài)功能分區(qū)指標體系與技術(shù)方法研究——以長興島近海海域為例

許妍，梁斌，蘭冬東，等

摘要：以遼寧省長興島海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為研究對象，在分析長興島自然環(huán)境特征和海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)生態(tài)功能區(qū)劃原則，建立海洋生態(tài)功能分區(qū)的技術(shù)方法體系，運用GIS技術(shù)將長興島海域劃分為生態(tài)保護區(qū)、生態(tài)維護區(qū)和開發(fā)利用區(qū)3個生態(tài)功能區(qū)，所占比例分別為47.17%、18.04%和34.78%。根據(jù)區(qū)內(nèi)的主導生態(tài)功能及目前各區(qū)存在的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，提出長興島近海海域未來生態(tài)保護與建設(shè)的重點和目標及區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與布局的調(diào)整方向。

關(guān)鍵詞：海洋；生態(tài)功能；分區(qū)；長興島

來源出版物：海洋科學, 2013, 137(6): 89-94

近兩百年來人類活動對北部灣潮間帶環(huán)境的影響

黎清華，萬世明，何軍，等

摘要：對北部灣潮間帶兩個柱狀巖心沉積物進行了210Pb測年、粒度分布特征和重金屬元素含量分析，并探討了近兩百年來人類活動對沉積環(huán)境的影響。結(jié)果表明，YX07和YX05巖心的平均沉積速率分別為0.45和0.37 cm/a，分別約記錄了231年和210年以來的環(huán)境歷史。重金屬元素含量變化特征與沉積物平均粒徑變化大體相反，說明重金屬元素傾向于在細粒級物質(zhì)中富集；不活波微量元素比值La/Th的大小及其在巖心深度上的穩(wěn)定變化，說明兩個巖心物源的同一性且一直沒有發(fā)生明顯變化。巖心沉積物記錄的沉積環(huán)境在1930年以前主要是自然影響，而1930年以來則更多受到人類活動影響，1930年以來巖心沉積物粒度變粗，可能因為人口的增加和土地的開墾等因素，在自然降水量降低的情況下人為地增加土壤物理侵蝕。同時，巖心中Al校正后重金屬元素As，Ph，Cu等的含量從1930年直線增加2～3倍，則表明大量工業(yè)和生活污水經(jīng)河流傾瀉到河口和近岸地區(qū)，致使潮間帶沉積物中重金屬污染狀況嚴重。

關(guān)鍵詞：潮間帶；沉積物；重金屬元素；環(huán)境變化；北部灣

來源出版物：海洋地質(zhì)與第四紀地質(zhì), 2014, 34(1): 57-64

我國海洋陸源污染的產(chǎn)生原因與防治模式

戈華清，藍楠

摘要：陸源污染的根本原因在于陸域經(jīng)濟社會活動，是陸上行為對海洋環(huán)境負外部性的集中呈現(xiàn)。累積性的陸源排污，是過度利用海洋環(huán)境容量與忽視海洋自凈能力的體現(xiàn)，不僅損害海域使用者權(quán)益，也影響沿海地區(qū)發(fā)展。我國陸源污染防治一直以被動的末端污染治理與管控為基礎(chǔ),其預見性不足、有效性不充分，亟待確立陸海一體化綜合防治對策體系，保護我國近海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

關(guān)鍵詞：慢性病防治素養(yǎng)；監(jiān)測；居民；影響因素

來源出版物：中國軟科學, 2014, (2): 22-31

山東半島藍色經(jīng)濟區(qū)海域生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合評價

李延峰，宋秀賢，李虎，等

摘要：海域生態(tài)環(huán)境評價作為承載力研究的基礎(chǔ)，在近海生態(tài)管理中得到了廣泛關(guān)注。針對海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中評價指標體系簡單、標準相對單一及不利于實際應用等問題，以生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為研究視角構(gòu)建了基于環(huán)境因子和生態(tài)響應的近海生態(tài)環(huán)境綜合評價指標體系與指數(shù)計量方法，根據(jù)環(huán)境因子指數(shù)和生態(tài)響應指數(shù)在交叉判斷矩陣中的位置，將近海生態(tài)環(huán)境狀態(tài)分為優(yōu)、良、中、差和劣5個等級，并將該方法應用于山東半島藍色經(jīng)濟區(qū)海域評價。結(jié)果表明：研究海域整體環(huán)境因子指數(shù)為0.41～0.84（平均值為0.67），生態(tài)響應指數(shù)為0.17～0.75（平均值為0.45），綜合評價等級為良，但已非常接近中等級別；其生態(tài)環(huán)境問題主要表現(xiàn)為溶解無機氮負荷較高、重金屬和浮游動物密度負荷過低。不同海域生態(tài)環(huán)境狀態(tài)存在明顯差異，25個近岸海域中等級優(yōu)和良的共占60%，主要分布在山東半島東部和西南部；海域等級為中和差的各占16%，另有8%海域等級為劣。該評價模型與方法從生態(tài)環(huán)境整體性揭示海域存在問題，可為山東半島藍色經(jīng)濟區(qū)建設(shè)提供科學依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：山東半島藍色經(jīng)濟區(qū)；近岸海域；生態(tài)環(huán)境；評價；承載力

來源出版物：環(huán)境科學研究, 2014, 27(5): 560-566

雷州半島夏季近海海水環(huán)境質(zhì)量聚類分析和綜合評價

謝群，張瑜斌，張際標，等

摘要：利用聚類分析和模糊綜合評價法對雷州半島夏季近海海域57個監(jiān)測站位的海水環(huán)境狀況進行分析和研究，并提出相關(guān)的水質(zhì)保證建議。結(jié)果表明：通過R型聚類方法可將17個監(jiān)測指標縮減為6個主要成分指標，利用Q型聚類分析將雷州半島57個監(jiān)測站位大致劃分為3類。模糊綜合評價法同樣將雷州半島監(jiān)測站位劃分為3類。分別為一類海水，二類海水和四類海水。聚類分析和模糊綜合評價具有一定相似性又有一定的互補性，更能科學、客觀地反映環(huán)境的實際狀況，對海域的規(guī)劃和科學管理具有一定的指導意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：雷州半島；聚類分析；模糊綜合評價；主成分

來源出版物：海洋環(huán)境科學, 2014, 33(4): 617-619

中國近海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)與生物固碳

宋金明

摘要：本文系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了近幾年來中國近海海-氣界面碳通量及控制因素、近海碳循環(huán)的關(guān)鍵過程以及近海生物固碳強度的研究進展，提出了中國近海漁業(yè)碳匯過程研究應關(guān)注的主要科學問題。近海海-氣界面碳通量過程、生物泵過程、顆粒物沉降與釋放以及捕撈/養(yǎng)殖碳轉(zhuǎn)移過程是中國近海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)的主要控制過程。中國近海在總體上是大氣二氧化碳的匯，年吸收3000萬～5000萬t碳，但在部分淺海海域如膠州灣、長江口等是大氣二氧化碳的源；中國近海浮游植物的年固碳量可達6.39億t，春季和夏季浮游植物固碳占全年的65.3%。南海浮游植物固碳達4.16億t，為渤海、黃海和東海的2倍。漁業(yè)捕撈與海水養(yǎng)殖可明顯增加海洋碳匯，僅就近幾年大型藻養(yǎng)殖而言，每年可多固定40萬t碳，如果每年的養(yǎng)殖量增加5%，到2020年大型藻養(yǎng)殖可固定碳93萬t/a，所以，為增加漁業(yè)捕撈與海水養(yǎng)殖碳匯，必須加強揭示漁業(yè)碳匯海域生態(tài)環(huán)境、建立漁業(yè)碳增匯強度評估方法以及明確漁業(yè)資源利用碳再生循環(huán)周期等研究。

關(guān)鍵詞：碳循環(huán)過程；浮游植物；固碳；漁業(yè)捕撈與海水養(yǎng)殖碳匯；中國近海

來源出版物：中國水產(chǎn)科學, 2015, 35(11): 1-7

中國近海海水透明度分布特征與季節(jié)變化

薛宇歡，熊學軍，劉衍慶

摘要：統(tǒng)計了2006—2007年中國近海環(huán)境調(diào)查的透明度數(shù)據(jù)，繪制了中國近海4個季節(jié)的透明度分布圖，分析了透明度的分布特征及季節(jié)變化。結(jié)果表明，水深和入海徑流對中國近海透明度分布影響最大。總體上，除長江口等重要河口區(qū)外，透明度等值線分布趨勢基本與等深線一致，即近岸淺水區(qū)透明度最小，外海深水區(qū)透明度最大。由渤海至南海，透明度有不斷增大的趨勢。統(tǒng)計表明，冬季透明度最小，夏季透明度最大。從透明度分布特征上看，長江口及其以東海域隨季節(jié)的變化最為顯著。而從透明度值變化上看，渤海海域隨季節(jié)的變化最為顯著。與歷史數(shù)據(jù)對比，渤海、長江口以東海域及海南島以西海域透明度值的觀測結(jié)果明顯減小。

關(guān)鍵詞：海水透明度；透明度分布特征；透明度季節(jié)變化；中國近海

來源出版物：海洋科學進展, 2015, 33(1): 38-44

青島近海底質(zhì)沉積物重金屬元素分布特征及環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價

劉珊珊，張勇，畢世普，等

摘要：根據(jù)青島近海海域采集的157個和周邊入海河流46個表層沉積物樣品的重金屬元素（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn）測試結(jié)果，系統(tǒng)地研究了該區(qū)重金屬元素分布特征及影響因素，并運用內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法（Nemerow Index）對其環(huán)境質(zhì)量做出了評價。結(jié)果表明：青島近岸海域沉積物重金屬Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Hg、Cd含量分布特征基本上分為3種類型：（1）Cr、Cu、Zn為一類，其高值區(qū)主要呈條帶狀或舌狀自東北向西南延伸；（2）As、Cd、Pb為一類，其高值區(qū)集中分布在嶗山東南部海域；（3）Hg自成一類，其高值區(qū)集中在膠州灣北部。尼梅羅指數(shù)綜合計算結(jié)果表明青島近岸海域部分站位表層沉積物已經(jīng)受到重金屬的污染，污染主要集中分布在嶗山東南部海域和膠州灣東北部區(qū)域。通過與河流表層樣作重金屬元素的對比研究，河流沉積物是該區(qū)重金屬的可能來源之一。

關(guān)鍵詞：青島近海海域；沉積物；重金屬；環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價

來源出版物：海洋環(huán)境科學, 2015, 34(6): 891-897

大亞灣石化排污海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評價

徐姍楠，陳作志，林琳

摘要：基于近海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評價模型，以2011—2012年間海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，對大亞灣石化排污海域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀態(tài)進行了綜合評價。結(jié)果表明：豐水期（2011年8月），大亞灣石化排污海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康綜合指數(shù)為0.808，健康狀態(tài)為“好”，空間分布為近岸海域健康狀況好于遠岸海域，其中底棲生物多樣性綜合指數(shù)是影響該海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的主要負面因子?？菟冢?012年1月），石化排污海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康綜合指數(shù)為0.767，健康狀態(tài)為“一般”，遠岸海域健康狀況好于近岸海域，浮游植物多樣性綜合指數(shù)和底棲生物多樣性綜合指數(shù)是影響該海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的主要負面因子。與2006—2007年相比，大亞灣石化排污海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康狀況正向“一般”狀態(tài)退化。

關(guān)鍵詞：海灣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；健康評價；指標體系；石化排污海域；大亞灣

來源出版物：生態(tài)學報, 2016, 36(5): 1421-1430

2013年我國近海赤潮引發(fā)種種類和分布研究

黃海燕，康林沖，楊翼，等

摘要：對2013年全國海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)測1626個站位生物數(shù)據(jù)進行分析，以2001—2013年在我國近海海域明確發(fā)生赤潮的生物作為赤潮引發(fā)種，開展其種類組成和數(shù)量分布研究。結(jié)果顯示：（1）我國近海赤潮引發(fā)種隸屬于8門60種，其中產(chǎn)毒種12種，甲藻27種，硅藻20種。（2）2013年共監(jiān)測到上述赤潮引發(fā)種50種，各監(jiān)測站位種類數(shù)在0～25種之間，平均密度在（84～1.16）× 1011個/m3之間，赤潮引發(fā)種種類數(shù)、密度分布大致都呈現(xiàn)近岸至遠海遞減的趨勢，但在長江口及其鄰近海域，呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小趨勢。（3）2013年各海區(qū)赤潮引發(fā)種種類數(shù)在36～42之間，平均密度渤海＞東海＞南海＞黃海，多樣性指數(shù)渤海＞黃海＞南海＞東海，都以中肋骨條藻（Skeletonema costatum）為優(yōu)勢種。（4）作為高頻赤潮引發(fā)種，2013年中肋骨條藻（S. costatum）主要分布在我國近岸及近海海域；夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）在我國近岸、近遠海海域都有分布；東海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）主要分布在黃海和東海的近岸和近海海域；米氏凱倫藻（Karenia mikimotoi）分布較為廣泛，但出現(xiàn)的站位較少；紅色中縊蟲（Mesodinium rubrum）、赤潮異彎藻（Heterosigma akashiwo）、紅色赤潮藻（Akashiwo sanguinea）只在很少區(qū)域有分布。該研究結(jié)果有助于摸清我國近海海域赤潮生物種類和分布狀況，可為赤潮的預警及其防災減災提供基礎(chǔ)科學依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：近海海域；赤潮引發(fā)種；種類組成；空間分布

來源出版物：海洋科學, 2016, 40(11): 16-27

基于GIS的浙北近海海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評價

徐姍楠，陳作志，林琳

摘要：在浙江省北部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展，科學高效利用海洋資源的同時，也不可避免的對浙北近海海域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成一定的威脅。為了降低涉海工程對海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境可能造成的不利影響，通過分析浙江省北部海域高濁度、復雜水體等特點，利用層次分析法從水環(huán)境、沉積環(huán)境和海洋生物多樣性構(gòu)建了浙北近海海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評價指標體系，采用熵權(quán)法確定了相關(guān)因子的權(quán)重。在此基礎(chǔ)上，綜合GIS空間分析方法、數(shù)學模型，對2009—2012年浙江省北部海域進行了實證研究。結(jié)果表明：（1）浙江省北部近海海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)整體上處于不健康狀態(tài)。含量較高的無機氮和磷酸鹽及較低的海洋初級生產(chǎn)力是影響其環(huán)境質(zhì)量的主要因素。（2）浙北近海海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)主要薄弱區(qū)域與人類活動格局基本一致，由此推斷，人類活動是影響浙北海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康狀態(tài)的主要因素。總體上，從2009至2012年浙北近海海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康呈現(xiàn)逐年惡化的趨勢。

關(guān)鍵詞：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)；GIS；空間插值；熱點分析

來源出版物：生態(tài)學報, 2016, 36(24): 8183-8193

南海北部近海沉積物重金屬分布及來源

陳亮，李團結(jié)，楊文豐，等

摘要：為全面了解南海北部近海沉積物中重金屬的分布及來源，在珠江口至北部灣海域進行了密集的采樣工作，然后對4000多個表層沉積物進行了粒度測試，1000多個表層沉積物進行了重金屬含量測試，之后對粒度平均值及Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr含量分布進行了分析。結(jié)果顯示4種重金屬含量平面分布特征較為相似，相對高含量分布區(qū)主要位于珠江口及其西側(cè)的粵西近海海域，且均呈現(xiàn)由珠江口向西逐漸減少的趨勢。以國家標準《海洋沉積物質(zhì)量》中一類沉積物為參照，Pb、Zn超標站點范圍主要分布在珠江口內(nèi)及海陵島西部，Cu、Cr的超標站點范圍較廣，在調(diào)查區(qū)域分布廣泛。相關(guān)性分析顯示4種重金屬相關(guān)性較高，說明具有同源性，由分布圖梯度變化可以看出污染物主要來自于珠江口。將該區(qū)域重金屬含量進行分區(qū)分析后認為，在南海北部近岸海域存在4個重金屬富集海域，分別位于珠江口海域、上川島至海陵島海域、瓊州海峽東部及雷州半島西部。結(jié)合粵西沿岸流及瓊州海峽西向流等水動力特征對4個區(qū)域重金屬來源及形成機制進行了分析，得出瓊州海峽周邊海域沉積物中重金屬主要來自珠江徑流輸入，并認為珠江徑流輸入的重金屬污染物目前最遠可到達北部灣東部。最后，為全面了解重金屬對該海域生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響，選用潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法進行了評價分析，結(jié)果顯示重度污染區(qū)主要分布在珠江口至崖門口，中度污染區(qū)在調(diào)查區(qū)東部至西部均有分布；由珠江口向西至陽江近岸海域存在3個潛在生態(tài)危害中度風險區(qū)。

關(guān)鍵詞：重金屬；沉積物；粒度；物源；南海北部

來源出版物：生態(tài)環(huán)境學報, 2016, 25(3): 464-470

海岸沙丘風暴侵蝕研究現(xiàn)狀與展望

羅時龍，靳瑞芳，于帆，等

摘要：基于對海岸沙丘風暴侵蝕研究的簡要回顧，概括了我國海岸沙丘風暴侵蝕概況，以及國外近期在海岸沙丘侵蝕機理、海岸沙丘風暴響應過程等方面的主要研究進展，提出了存在的科學問題。針對我國海岸風暴侵蝕研究的不足之處，應及時開展海岸沙丘資源現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查與評估、典型岸段的風暴侵蝕機理拓展研究，以及海岸沙丘功能維持和生態(tài)養(yǎng)護技術(shù)示范和應用等，探究海岸沙丘風暴侵蝕機理，建立一套海岸沙丘風暴侵蝕評估和管理技術(shù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：海岸侵蝕；海岸沙丘；風暴侵蝕；生態(tài)養(yǎng)護

來源出版物：海洋地質(zhì)前沿, 2016, 32(2): 1-7

來源出版物：Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 470: 511-518

An overview of ecological status, vulnerability and future perspectives of European large shallow, semi-enclosed coastal systems, lagoons and transitional waters

Newton, Alice; Icely, John; Cristina, Sonia; et al.

Abstract:The paper gives an overview of some of the large, shallow, semi-enclosed coastal systems (SECS) in Europe. These SECS are important both from the ecological and the economic perspective (socio-ecological systems) and provide many valuable ecosystem goods and services.

來源出版物：Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2014, 140: 95-122

Emerging organic contaminants in coastal waters: Anthropogenic impact, environmental release and ecological risk

Jiang, Jheng-Jie; Lee, Chon-Lin; Fang, Meng-Der

Abstract:This study provides a first estimate of the sources, distribution, and risk presented by emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in coastal waters offsouthwestern Taiwan. Ten illicit drugs, seven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), five antibiotics, two blood lipid regulators, two antiepileptic drugs, two UV filters, caffeine, atenolol, and omeprazole were analyzed by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS). Thirteen EOCs were detected in coastal waters, including four NSAIDs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and codeine), three antibiotics (ampicillin, erythromycin, and cefalexin), three illicit drugs (ketamine, pseudoephedrine, and MDMA), caffeine, carbamazepine, and gemfibrozil. The median concentrations for the 13 EOCs ranged from 1.47 ng/L to 156 ng/L. Spatial variation in concentration of the 13 EOCs suggests discharge into coastal waters via ocean outfall pipes and rivers. Codeine and ampicillin have significant pollution risk quotients (RQ＞1), indicating potentially high risk to aquatic organisms in coastal waters.

Keywords:emerging organic contaminants; coastal waters; anthropogenic input; ocean outfall; principal component analysis; risk quotient

來源出版物：Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, 34(11): 907-929

Integrated assessment of heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay and the coastal waters of the Zhangzi Island, China: Comparison among typical marine sediment quality indices

Zhuang, Wen; Gao, Xuelu

Abstract:The total concentrations and chemical forms of heavy metals ( Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the surface sediments of the Laizhou Bay and the surrounding marine area of the Zhangzi Island ( hereafter referred to as Zhangzi Island for short) were obtained and multiple indices and guidelines were applied to assess their contamination and ecological risks. The sedimentary conditions were fine in both of the two studied areas according to the marine sediment quality of China. Whereas the probable effects level guideline suggested that Ni might cause adverse biological effects to occur frequently in some sites. All indices used suggested that Cd posed the highest environmental risk in both the Laizhou Bay and the Zhangzi Island, though Cd may unlikely be harmful to human and ecological health due to the very low total concentrations. The enrichment factor ( EF) showed that a substantial portion of Cr was delivered from anthropogenic sources, whereas the risk assessment code (RAC) indicated that most Cr was in an inactive state that it may not have any adverse effect either. Moreover, the results of EF and geoaccumulation index were consistent with the trend of the total metal concentrations except for Cd, while the results of RAC and potential ecological risk factor did not follow the same trend of their corresponding total metal concentrations. We also evaluated the effects of using different indices to assess the environmental impact of these heavy metals.

來源出版物：PLoS One, 2014, 9(4): e94145

Marine protist diversity in European coastal waters and sediments as revealed by high-throughput sequencing

Massana, Ramon; Gobet, Angelique; Audic, Stephane; et al.

Abstract:Although protists are critical components of marine ecosystems, they are still poorly characterized. Here we analysed the taxonomic diversity of planktonic and benthic protist communities collected in six distant European coastal sites. Environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) from three size fractions (pico-, nano- and micro/mesoplankton), as well as from dissolved DNA and surface sediments were used as templates for tag pyrosequencing of the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal DNA. Beta-diversity analyses split the protist community structure into three main clusters: picoplankton-nanoplankton-dissolved DNA, micro/mesoplankton and sediments. Within each cluster, protist communities from the same site and time clustered together, while communities from the same site but different seasons were unrelated. Both DNA and RNA-based surveys provided similar relative abundances for most class-level taxonomic groups. Yet, particular groups were overrepresented in one of the two templates, such as marine alveolates (MALV)-I and MALV-II that were much more abundant in DNA surveys. Overall, the groups displaying the highest relative contribution were Dinophyceae, Diatomea, Ciliophora and Acantharia. Also, well represented were Mamiellophyceae, Cryptomonadales, marine alveolates and marine stramenopiles in the picoplankton, and Monadofilosa and basal Fungi in sediments. Our extensive and systematic sequencing of geographically separated sites provides the most comprehensive molecular description of coastal marine protist diversity to date.

來源出版物：Environmental Microbiology, 2015, 17(10): 4035-4049

Spatial and temporal analysis of the risks posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polychlorinated biphenyl and metal contaminants in sediments in UK estuaries and coastal waters

Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel; Law, Robin J.; Wright, Serena R; et al.

Abstract:The environmental risks of 22 contaminants, comprising 6 metals, 10 PAHs and 6 PCB congeners occurring in UK estuaries and coastal waters were assessed as single substances. Sediment samples were taken within 12 nautical miles of the English and Welsh coastlines between 1999 and 2011. The measured environmental concentrations were compared to quality standards including EEL, ERM and EAC, all of which have been established internationally. Out of a total of 38031 individual samples analysed, 42.6% and 7.7% exceeded the ERL/EAC and ERM values, respectively. The highest Risk Characterisation Ratios (RCRs) for metals, PAHs and PCBs were observed for copper, fluorene and CBI 18 (2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl). In general, the highest concentrations of PAHs and PCBs were observed in 2011 in the Lower Medway indicating a potential risk to the aquatic environment. This study suggests that resuspension of contaminants banned over 20 years ago is still an ongoing issue.

Keywords:contaminants; marine sediments; risk characterisation ratio; environmental quality standards (EAC, ERM, ERL)

來源出版物：Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 95(1): 496-479

Modelling of ship engine exhaust emissions in ports and extensive coastal waters based on terrestrial AIS data：An Australian case study

Goldsworthy, Laurie; Goldsworthy, Brett

Abstract:A model is developed to calculate and spatially allocate ship engine exhaust emissions in ports and extensive coastal waters using terrestrial Automatic Identification System data for ship movements and operating modes. The model is applied to the Australian region. The large geographical extent and number of included ports and vessels, and anomalies in the AIS data are challenging. Particular attention is paid to filtering of the movement data to remove anomalies and assign correct operating modes. Data gaps are filled by interpolation and extrapolation. Emissions and fuel consumption are calculated for each individual vessel at frequent intervals and categorised by ship type, ship size, operating mode and machinery type. Comparisons of calculated port emissions with conventional inventories and ship visit data are favourable. Estimations of ship emissions from regions within a 300 km radius of major capital cities suggest that a non-negligible percentage of air pollutants may come from ships.

Keywords:ship engine exhaust emissions; AIS movement data; extensive coastal region; AIS data filtering; regional inventory; emissions mapping

來源出版物：Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 63: 45-60

Testing the water: Understanding stakeholder readiness for strategic coastal and marine management

Mason, Claire M.; Lim-Camacho, Lilly; Scheepers, Kelly; et al.

Abstract:We argue that stakeholder commitment and cooperation is essential for the success of strategic coastal and marine management initiatives and draw upon social identity theory to explain how inter-group relationships can either support or hinder cooperation across stakeholder groups. We analyse data from interviews carried out with 24 coastal and marine stakeholders from the Northern Territory, Australia, looking at how stakeholders describe their objectives for coastal and marine management and evidence of social identity effects either facilitating or impeding cooperation between stakeholders. While most participants sought improvements to coastal and marine management, only some were thinking in terms of a more regional-scale, forward-looking and integrated approach. Strong social identity effects inhibiting cooperation between stakeholders were evident in many of the interviews. However, the interviews also revealed shared objectives (e.g., the need for more data, to avoid duplication of effort, and more transparent and systematic decision-making) that could serve as a basis for developing a common social identity, and fostering the commitment and cooperation needed for strategic coastal and marine management initiatives.

Keywords:marine management; stakeholder analysis; social identity theory; strategic assessment; ecosystems approach

來源出版物：Ocean & Coastal Management, 2015, 104: 45-56

Microplastics in coastal sediments from Southern Portuguese shelf waters

Frias, J.P.G.L.; Gago, J; Otero, V; et al.

Abstract:Microplastics are well-documented pollutants in the marine environment that result from fragmentation of larger plastic items. Due to their long chemical chains, they can remain in the environment for long periods of time. It is estimated that the vast majority (80%) of marine litter derives from land sources and that 70% will sink and remain at the bottom of the ocean. Microplastics that result from fragmentation of larger pieces of plastic are common to be found in beaches and in the water surface. The most common microplastics are pellets, fragments and fibres. This work provides original data of the presence of microplastics in coastal sediments from Southern Portuguese shelf waters, reporting on microplastic concentration and polymer types. Microplastic particles were found in nearly 56% of sediment samples, accounting a total of 31 particles in 27 samples. The vast majority were microfibers (25), identified as rayon fibres, and fragments (6) identified as polypropylene, through infrared spectroscopy (mu-FTIR). The concentration and polymer type data is consistent with other relevant studies and reports worldwide.

Keywords:marine litter; microplastics; FTIR; MSFD; algarve; portugal

來源出版物：Marine Environmental Research, 2016, 114: 24-30

Microplastics in mussels along the coastal waters of China

Li, Jiana; Qu, Xiaoyun; Su, Lei; et al.

Abstract:Microplastic has been confirmed as an emerging pollutant in marine environments. One of the primary environmental risks of microplastics is their bioavailability for aquatic organisms. Bivalves are of particular interest because their extensive filter-feeding activity exposes them directly to microplastics present in the water column. In the present study, we investigated microplastic pollution in mussels (Mytilus edulis) from 22 sites along 12400 mile coastlines of China in 2015. The number of total microplastics varied from 0.9 to 4.6 items/g and from 1.5 to 7.6 items/individual. M. edulis contained more microplastics (2.7 items/g) in wild groups than that (1.6 items/g) in farmed groups. The abundance of microplastics was 3.3 items/g in mussels from the areas with intensive human activities and significantly higher than that (1.6 items/g) with less human activities. The most common microplastics were fibers, followed by fragments. The proportion of microplastics less than 250 gm in size arranged from 17% to 79% of the total microplastics. Diatom was distinguished from microplastics in mussels for the first time using Scanning Electron Microscope. Our results suggested that the numbers of microplastic kept within a relatively narrow range in mussels and were closely related to the contamination of the environments. We proposed that mussels could be used as a potential bioindicator of microplastic pollution of the coastal environment.

Keywords:microplastic; mussels; biomonitoring; seafood

來源出版物：Environmental Pollution, 2016, 214: 177-184

Into the deep: Evaluation of sourcetracker for assessment of faecal contamination of coastal waters

Henry, Rebekah; Schang, Christelle; Coutts, Scott; et al.

Abstract:Faecal contamination of recreational waters is an increasing global health concern. Tracing the source of the contaminant is a vital step towards mitigation and disease prevention. Total 16S rRNA amplicon data for a specific environment (faeces, water, soil) and computational tools such as the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo based SourceTracker can be applied to microbial source tracking (MST) and attribution studies. The current study applied artificial and in-laboratory derived bacterial communities to define the potential and limitations associated with the use of SourceTracker, prior to its application for faecal source tracking at three recreational beaches near Port Phillip Bay (Victoria, Australia). The results demonstrated that at minimum multiple model runs of the SourceTracker modelling tool (i.e. technical replicates) were required to identify potential false positive predictions. The calculation of relative standard deviations (RSDs) for each attributed source improved overall predictive confidence in the results. In general, default parameter settings provided high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision. Application of SourceTracker to recreational beach samples identified treated effluent as major source of human derived faecal contamination, present in 69% of samples. Site-specific sources, such as raw sewage, stormwater and bacterial populations associated with the Yarra River estuary were also identified. Rainfall and associated sand resuspension ateach location correlated with observed human faecal indicators. The results of the optimised SourceTracker analysis suggests that local sources of contamination have the greatest effect on recreational coastal water quality.

Keywords:microbial source tracking; coastal waters; bacterial communities; 16S rRNA amplicon; sourceTracker; faecal contamination

來源出版物：Water Research, 2016, 93: 242-253

Presence of pharmaceuticals and heavy metals in the waters of a Mediterranean coastal wetland: Potential interactions and the influence of the environment

Andreu, V; Gimeno-Garcia, E.; Pascual, J.A; et al.

Abstract:The occurrence of 17 relevant pharmaceuticals and 7 heavy metals in the waters of the Pego-Oliva Marsh Natural Park (Valencia Community, Spain) were monitored. Thirty four zones (including the lagoon and the most important irrigation channels), covering the main land uses and water sources, were selected for sampling. Thirty three of them were contaminated with at least one pharmaceutical. Ibuprofen and codeine were the pharmaceuticals more frequently detected, in concentrations between 4.8 and 12 ng/L and a maximum of 59 ng/L and 63 ng/L, respectively. Regarding metals, Zn showed values under the detection limit in all the samples, while Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb were detected at concentrations lower than the WHO and EU maximum levels for drinking waters. Ni showed significant direct correlations with diazepam, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and fenofibrate, and inverse relationships with ibuprofen, at 99 and 95% of significance. Cu, Co and Cr also showed significant correlations with some of the pharmaceuticals. These interactions could favor the synergistic/antagonistic interactions among pharmaceuticals and metals in the marsh, which can affect its aquatic fauna and flora or even human health. The influences of the water sources, land uses and spatial distribution of both types of contaminants were also studied.

Keywords:coastal wetlands; heavy metals; pharmaceuticals; water; human pressure

來源出版物：Environmental influence, 2016, 4(2): 149-164

Study on the cumulative impact of reclamation activities on ecosystem health in coastal waters

Shen, Chengcheng; Shi, Honghua; Zheng, Wei; et al.

Abstract:The purpose of this study is to develop feasible tools to investigate the cumulative impact of reclamations on coastal ecosystem health, so that the strategies of ecosystem-based management can be applied in the coastal zone. An indicator system and model were proposed to assess the cumulative impact synthetically. Two coastal water bodies, namely Laizhou Bay (LZB) and Tianjin coastal waters (TCW), in the Bohai Sea of China were studied and compared, each in a different phase of reclamations. Case studies showed that the indicator scores of coastal ecosystem health in LZB and TCW were 0.75 and 0.68 out of 1.0, respectively. It can be concluded that coastal reclamations have a historically cumulative effect on benthic environment, whose degree is larger than that on aquatic environment. The ecosystem-based management of coastal reclamations should emphasize the spatially and industrially intensive layout.

Keywords:reclamation; ecosystem health; coastal ecosystem; marine management; assessment model; Bohai Sea

來源出版物：Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2016, 103: 144-150

Environmental occurrence and ecological risk assessment of organic UV filters in marine organisms from Hong Kong coastal waters

Sang, Ziye; Leung, Kelvin Sze-Yin

Abstract:Organic UV filters, now considered to be emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, are being intensively tracked in environmental waters worldwide. However, their environmental fate and impact of these contaminants on marine organisms remains largely unknown, especially in Asia. This work elucidates the occurrence and the ecological risks of seven UV filters detected in farmed fish, wild mussels and some other wild organisms collected from local mariculture farms in Hong Kong. For all of the organisms, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and octyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid (OD-PABA) were the predominant contaminants with the highest concentrations up to 51.3 and 24.1 ng/g (dw), respectively; lower levels were found for benzophenone- 8 (BP-8), octocrylene (OC) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) from ＜LOQ to ＜14.4 ng/g (dw); 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and 3-benzylidene camphor (3-BC) were rarely detected. Additionally, the detection frequencies and measured concentrations of all targets were clearly higher in mussels than in fish. Spatial distribution of studied UV filters indicated a positivecorrelation between their measured concentrations and the anthropogenic activities responsible for their direct emission. The ecological risk assessment specific to the marine aquatic environment was carried out. The risk quotient (RQ) values of EHMC and BP-3 were calculated as 3.29 and 2.60, respectively, indicating these two UV filters may pose significant risks to the marine aquatic environment.

Keywords:ultraviolet filters; marine organisms; occurrence monitoring; global comparison; risk quotient

來源出版物：Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 566: 489-498

Temperature decouples ammonium and nitrite oxidation in coastal waters

Schaefert, Sylvia C; Hollibaugh, James T

Abstract:Nitrification is a two-step process linking the reduced and oxidized sides of the nitrogen cycle. These steps are typically tightly coupled with the primary intermediate, nitrite, rarely accumulating in coastal environments. Nitrite concentrations can exceed 10 μm during summer in estuarine waters adjacent to Sapelo Island, Georgia, U.S.A. Similar peaks at other locations have been attributed to decoupling of the two steps of nitrification by hypoxia; however, the waters around Sapelo Island are aerobic and well mixed. Experiments examining the response to temperature shifts of a nitrifying assemblage composed of the same organisms found in the field indicate that ammonia- and nitrite-oxidation become uncoupled between 20 and 30 degrees C, leading to nitrite accumulation. This suggests that nitrite peaks in coastal waters might be explained by differences in the responses of ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizers to increased summer temperatures. Analysis of field data from 270 stations in 29 temperate and subtropical estuaries and lagoons show transient accumulation of nitrite driven primarily by water temperatures, rather than by hypoxia. Increased climate variability and warming coastal waters may therefore increase the frequency of these nitrite peaks, with potential ecosystem consequences that include increased N2O production,toxicity, and shifts in phytoplankton community composition.

來源出版物：Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(6): 3157-3164

Analysis of chlorophyll-a correlation to determine nutrient limitations in the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea, China

Mao, Xiaodan; Kuang, Cuiping; Gu, Jie; et al.

Abstract:The coastal water of Qinhuangdao, a famous resort located in the NW of the Bohai Sea, China, suffered algal bloom for a consecutive 3 years by 2011, causing great economic loss. Based on measurements at 46 sampling points in the study's coastal area in May, August, and October 2011, the seasonal and spatial characteristics of the chemical indicators and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were analyzed. The chemical indicators for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and reactive silicate (SiO3-Si) showed higher concentrations in the summer than in the spring and fall, whereas the nutrients of reactive phosphate (PO4-P) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) presented complex seasonal characteristics under the combined influence of abundant nutrients from rivers and nutrient consumption by large algal bloom in August. Subsequently, two methods a fuzzy, integrated assessment and an organic pollution index were used to characterize the organic pollution. The trophic status of most coastal waters were oligotrophic and mesotrophic, and most coastal waters were clean in spring and summer, except in the vicinity of the harbor and estuaries, where the organic pollution index was generally high. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficients of various variables were analyzed, which demonstrated that, commonly, there was a significant positive correlation between COD and Chl-a. Because algal blooms in August changed the nutrients structure of the coastal waters, Chl-a, in a remarkably high concentration, had significant correlation with NO2-N, the atomic N/P ratio, and the atomic N/Si ratio. The algal bloom aggravated the current P limitation, and the atomic N/P ratio, the PO4-P concentration, and the COD can be selected as the three most-sensitive indicators of algal bloom in Qinhuangdao coastal water. These findings have provided scientific supports for local authorities who are taking measures to control pollution emissions and to prevent the recurrence of algal blooms.

Keywords:Algal bloom; trophic status; fuzzy integrated assessment; organic pollution index; temperate coastal water; water quality

來源出版物：Journal of Coastal Research, 2017, 33(2): 396-407

責任編輯：衛(wèi)夏雯

Use of biofilm-dwelling ciliate communities to determine environmental quality status of coastal waters

Xu, Henglong; Hang, Wei; Jiang, Yong; et al.

It has increasingly been recognized that the ecological features of protozoan communities have many advantages as a favorable bioindicator to evaluate environmental stress and anthropogenic impact in many aquatic ecosystems. The ability of biofilm-dwelling ciliate communities for assessing environmental quality status was studied, using glass slides as an artificial substratum, during a 1-year cycle (August 2011 July 2012) in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China. The samples were collected monthly at a depth of 1 m from four sampling stations with a spatial gradient of environmental stress. Environmental variables, e.g., salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and soluble reactive phosphates (SRP), were measured synchronously for comparison with biotic parameters. Results showed that: (1) the community structures of the ciliates represented significant differences among the four sampling stations; (2) spatial patterns of the ciliate communities were significantly correlated with environmental variables, especially COD and the nutrients; (3) five dominant species (Hartmannula angustipilosa,Metaurostylopsissp.1,Discocephalus ehrenbergi,Stephanopogon minutaandPseudovorticella paracratera) were significantly correlated with nutrients or COD; and (4) the species richness measure was significantly correlated with the nutrient NO3-N. It is suggested that biofilm-dwelling ciliate communities might be used as a potentially robust bioindicator for discriminating environmental quality status in coastal waters.

maine bioassessment; environmental stress; field community; biofilm-dwelling ciliate; artificial substratum; coastal waters