人類概念認(rèn)知的腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)

畢彥超+龔高浪+舒妮+劉超

摘 要：概念是人類意識、思維、語言、智慧等其他高級認(rèn)知過程的基礎(chǔ)，是認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)的核心成分。我們旨在基于多年對語言概念的研究經(jīng)驗，結(jié)合概念認(rèn)知研究的前沿理念和現(xiàn)代腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)特性的最新分析方法，系統(tǒng)建構(gòu)人類概念認(rèn)知的腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，擬解決以下3個關(guān)鍵問題：（1）正常人類概念加工的腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)機制；（2）概念腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的習(xí)得機制；（3）概念腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的損傷機制。針對以上關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問題，結(jié)合心理學(xué)、計算神經(jīng)科學(xué)、神經(jīng)疾病學(xué)等角度，采用認(rèn)知行為測查、腦影像技術(shù)、腦損傷病灶解剖學(xué)定位等實驗技術(shù)，系統(tǒng)檢驗健康成人正常概念加工和概念學(xué)習(xí)、先天經(jīng)驗缺失（盲人與聾人）群體、概念障礙病人的腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)與多個成分和類別概念加工認(rèn)知能力對應(yīng)關(guān)系。通過3個人群的相互驗證和提示，最終揭示人類概念認(rèn)知腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)的多方面動態(tài)特點。目前，已經(jīng)完成概念認(rèn)知能力評估方案和腦影像數(shù)據(jù)采集參數(shù)的確定；完成90例健康被試、15例先天視覺經(jīng)驗剝奪群體及其對照組、112例腦損傷患者的概念認(rèn)知數(shù)據(jù)和腦影像數(shù)據(jù)；初步獲得健康人功能腦影像數(shù)據(jù)中與概念加工能力密切相關(guān)的相關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)指標(biāo)，并對概念的運動知識、顏色知識等的神經(jīng)機制加以了探討；研究了視覺經(jīng)驗對不同范疇和不同成分概念表征的神經(jīng)機制的影響；基于腦損傷病人數(shù)據(jù)，構(gòu)建了概念障礙對應(yīng)的主要白質(zhì)連接，初步研究了概念的腦白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

關(guān)鍵詞：概念 概念認(rèn)知 腦網(wǎng)絡(luò) 感知覺經(jīng)驗

Abstract：Concepts are the basic elements of human thought， subserving a wide range of cognitive functions， such as language， object recognition and use， and is at the heart of cognitive neuroscience research. On the basis of past experience with language， concepts， and brain network analyses， we aimed at constructing the brain network basis of human conceptual system， specifically targetting three issues： （1）the brain networks of conceptual processing in healthy individuals； （2）the acquisition mechanisms of concepts； （3）the breakdowns of conceptual system due to brain damage. We teamed up cognitive， computational neuroscience， and clinical neurology experts， combining neuropsychological， neuroimaging， and lesion techniques， systematically studied these three issues with healthy individuals， populations with sensory deprivations （congentically blind and deaf） and patients with brain damage. The behavioral profiles on various modalities and categories of conceptual knowledge and the various modals of corresponding brain network patterns （structural， diffusion， and functional imaging） will be mapped. Currently we have completed the behaivoral and imaging data collection on 90 healthy individuals， 15 congenitally blind individuals and corresponding controls， 112 patients with brain damage. On the basis of these data， we have obtained priliminary results about the intrinsic functional neuroimaging networks that closely related with healthy conceptual processing， specifically examined the brain regions associated with shape， motion and color knowledge of cocnepts， and discovered the major white matter tracts crucial for conceptual processing.

Key Words：Concepts； Conceptual processing； Brain networks； Sensory experience

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