彭守春,李學任
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·論著·
特發(fā)性肺纖維化患者臨床和肺生理指標的變化及其與預后關聯(lián)性的研究
彭守春,李學任
目的 評估臨床和肺生理指標的時間變化量與特發(fā)性肺纖維化(IPF)患者預后的關系。方法 選擇2001年1月—2008年8月中國醫(yī)科大學附屬第一醫(yī)院和武警后勤學院附屬醫(yī)院診治的126例IPF患者為研究對象,根據(jù)隨訪時間,對隨訪6個月(納入隨訪4~8個月的患者,81例)和12個月(納入隨訪9~15個月的患者,52例)時的患者進行分析。分析臨床和肺生理指標〔呼吸困難評分、第1秒用力呼氣末容積(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、肺總量(TLC)、殘氣容積(RV)、一氧化碳彌散量(DLCO)、氧分壓(PaO2)、二氧化碳分壓(PaCO2)、血氧飽和度(SaO2)和肺泡-動脈氧分壓差(PA-aO2)〕較基礎變量的變化量(基礎變量-隨訪6個月的變量;基礎變量-隨訪12個月的變量)和變化率(變化量/基礎變量)與IPF患者預后的關系。同時,依據(jù)各指標變化率作為分組的標準,將隨訪6個月時和12個月時的患者分別分為改善組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組。采用Log-rank檢驗比較隨訪6個月和12個月時各指標改善組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率的差異。采用Cox比例風險回歸分析IPF患者預后的影響因素。結果 52例患者隨訪13~84個月,中位生存期為51〔95%CI(22,56)〕個月。單因素Cox比例風險回歸分析結果顯示:隨訪6個月和12個月時呼吸困難評分、FEV1、FVC、TLC、DLCO、PaO2、SaO2、PA-aO2變化量、變化率是IPF患者預后的影響因素(P<0.05)。隨訪6個月和12個月時,呼吸困難評分、FVC、DLCO、PaO2、SaO2和PA-aO2以及隨訪12個月時TLC改善組、穩(wěn)定組、惡化組組間生存率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。多因素Cox比例風險回歸分析結果顯示:隨訪6個月時:呼吸困難評分變化率〔HR=1.131,95%CI(1.044,1.311),P=0.027〕、FVC變化率〔HR=0.899,95%CI(0.709,0.945),P<0.001〕和PaO2變化率〔HR=0.957,95%CI(0.890,0.987),P=0.034〕是影響IPF患者預后的因素;隨訪12個月時:FVC變化率〔HR=0.838,95%CI(0.811,0.910),P<0.001〕、TLC變化率〔HR=0.962,95%CI(0.890,0.987),P=0.048〕和DLCO變化率〔HR=0.932,95%CI(0.875,0.967),P<0.001〕是影響IPF患者預后的因素。結論 臨床和肺生理指標易測定、重復性好,可作為IPF患者預后監(jiān)測指標,6個月和12個月指標的變化率可較好地預測IPF患者的預后。
特發(fā)性肺纖維化;預后;比例危險度模型;肺活量
彭守春,李學任.特發(fā)性肺纖維化患者臨床和肺生理指標的變化及其與預后關聯(lián)性的研究[J].中國全科醫(yī)學,2016,19(35):4338-4345.[www.chinagp.net]
PENG S C,LI X R.Relevance analysis of changes in clinical indicators and pulmonary physiological parameters and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis[J].Chinese General Practice,2016,19(35):4338-4345.
特發(fā)性肺纖維化(IPF)為病因不明、出現(xiàn)在成年人、局限于肺、進行性致纖維化的間質性肺炎,其組織病理學和放射學表現(xiàn)為普通型間質性肺炎[1]。IPF與特發(fā)性間質性肺炎(IIP)相比,目前認為IPF藥物治療無效,其預后不容樂觀[2-4]。IPF確診后患者中位生存期約為3年[5],個體生存時間存在差異[1],判斷IPF患者預后的非常困難。以往關于臨床和肺生理指標與IPF預后的研究很多,但結論存在爭議[6-9]。關于臨床和肺生理指標的時間變化量對IPF患者預后的影響也曾有報道,COLLARD等[10]評估6、12個月肺生理指標的變化量是影響IPF患者預后的因素,但此結論存在爭議,因為肺功能指標變化從80%到70%與從60%到50%,雖然變化量均是10%,但變化率不一樣,所以應重新評估此結論。本研究假設隨訪6、12個月的臨床、肺功能和動脈血氣變化率較變化量更有預后預測意義。為此本研究以2011年中文美國胸科學會(ATS)、歐洲呼吸學會(ERS)、日本呼吸學會(JRS)和拉丁美洲胸科學會(ALAT)循證醫(yī)學指南的診斷標準[1]為基礎,嚴格設計,回顧性分析IPF患者隨訪6、12個月臨床、肺功能和動脈血氣較基礎變量的變化率對IPF患者預后的影響。
1.1 研究對象 選擇2001年1月—2008年8月中國醫(yī)科大學附屬第一醫(yī)院和武警后勤學院附屬醫(yī)院診治的IPF患者為研究對象,納入的患者符合2002年中華醫(yī)學會呼吸病學分會、ATS/ERS關于IPF診斷和治療指南的診斷標準[11-12],再根據(jù)2011年由ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT共同制定的IPF診治指南[1],將不符合新指南標準的患者剔除,并排除慢性過敏性肺炎、石棉沉著病、血管炎、結締組織病、嗜酸粒細胞肺炎、藥物等因素所致的間質性肺疾病。共納入126例IPF患者,根據(jù)隨訪時間,對隨訪6個月(納入隨訪4~8個月的患者,81例)和12個月(納入隨訪9~15個月的患者,52例)時的患者進行分析,其中隨訪12個月的52例患者均來自隨訪6個月的81例患者。本研究經(jīng)患者知情同意,同時得到醫(yī)院倫理委員會支持。
1.2 方法 (1)呼吸困難評分:為半定量指標,分值為0~20分,分值越大表明呼吸困難越嚴重。0分:在劇烈活動后無任何呼吸困難;2分:上5層樓梯或用力活動10 min或使用重工具后出現(xiàn)呼吸困難;4分:在平地上行走超過1 500 m或上3層樓梯后出現(xiàn)呼吸困難;6分:在平地上行走500~<1 500 m或上兩層樓梯后出現(xiàn)呼吸困難;8分:在平地上行走100~<500 m或上1層樓梯后出現(xiàn)呼吸困難;10分:在平地上行走50~<100 m或上1層樓梯、洗澡、駕駛汽車、在裝配流水線上工作出現(xiàn)呼吸困難;12分:在平地上行走15~<50 m時出現(xiàn)呼吸困難;14分:在平地上行走5~<15 m或從事輕體力活動或操作儀器出現(xiàn)呼吸困難;16分:從事輕微體力活動,如穿衣服、行走5 m以內、長時間交談出現(xiàn)呼吸困難;18分:從事極輕微的體力活動,如吃飯、排便、寫字、坐起出現(xiàn)呼吸困難;20分:休息時出現(xiàn)呼吸困難。肺功能檢查:應用肺功能儀(sensormedics,Vmax229,美國)進行肺功能檢測,檢測指標包括第1秒用力呼氣末容積(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、肺總量(TLC)、殘氣容積(RV)、一氧化碳彌散量(DLCO),以上指標用實際值占預計值的百分比表示;動脈血氣檢測應用AVL990型血氣自動分析儀,所測數(shù)據(jù)全部按測定時的室溫、氣壓校正為BTPS狀態(tài),指標包括氧分壓(PaO2)、二氧化碳分壓(PaCO2)、血氧飽和度(SaO2)和肺泡-動脈氧分壓差(PA-aO2)。(2)變化量和變化率定義:變化量=基礎變量-隨訪變量;變化率=變化量/基礎變量。(3)分組:參照ATS/ERS分組標準[2],分別以呼吸困難評分變化2分,F(xiàn)VC和TLC變化率為10%,DLCO變化率為15%,SaO2變化率為4%,PaO2、PA-aO2變化4 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)為標準。呼吸困難評分和PA-aO2下降大于上述標準,F(xiàn)VC、TLC、DLCO、SaO2增加大于上述標準定義為改善組;呼吸困難評分和PA-aO2增加大于上述標準,F(xiàn)VC、TLC、DLCO、SaO2下降大于上述標準定義為惡化組;介于改善組和惡化組之間定義為穩(wěn)定組。
1.3 隨訪 要求患者每3~6個月隨訪1次,隨訪方式包括門診、電話,隨訪至2011年8月。檢查其臨床、肺功能、動脈血氣及肺部高分辨CT以指導下一步用藥,如患者未及時來診,對其進行電話隨訪,如患者死亡記錄死亡時間,同時確定死因。
2.1 IPF患者隨訪6、12個月各指標的特征 隨訪6個月時:81例患者中男55例,女26例;年齡37~76歲,平均年齡(60.0±8.3)歲;45例為吸煙者,36例為非吸煙者。隨訪12個月時:52例患者中男36例,女16例;年齡42~76歲,平均年齡(60.0±7.6)歲;32例為吸煙者,20例為非吸煙者。FEV1、FVC、TLC、RV、DLCO、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、PA-aO2基線值和隨訪6個月值比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);隨訪6個月呼吸困難評分高于基線值,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.001,見表1)。呼吸困難評分、FEV1、FVC、TLC、RV、DLCO、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、PA-aO2隨訪6個月值和隨訪12個月值比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05,見表2)。
2.2 IPF患者生存情況 52例患者隨訪13~84個月,平均隨訪46個月,中位生存期為51〔95%CI(22,56)〕個月。
2.3 單因素Cox比例風險回歸分析 以患者預后為因變量(生存=1,死亡=0),分別以各指標變化量、變化率為自變量,結果顯示,隨訪6個月和12個月時呼吸困難評分、FEV1、FVC、TLC、DLCO、PaO2、SaO2、PA-aO2變化量、變化率是IPF患者預后的影響因素(P<0.05,見表3、4)。
表1 IPF患者各指標隨訪6個月和基線值比較
注:FEV1=第1秒用力呼氣末容積,F(xiàn)VC=用力肺活量,TLC=肺總量,RV=殘氣容積,DLCO=一氧化碳彌散量,PaO2=氧分壓,PaCO2=二氧化碳分壓,SaO2=氧飽和度,PA-aO2=肺泡-動脈氧分壓差;a為例數(shù)有缺失
表2 IPF患者各指標隨訪6個月和12個月時比較
注:a為例數(shù)有缺失
表3 隨訪6個月和12個月指標變化量對IPF患者預后影響的單因素Cox比例風險回歸分析
Table 3 Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis on changing value of parameters follow-up for the 6 and 12 months for prognosis of IPF patients
指標時間(月)-2likehoodβSEWaldχ2值HR95%CIP值呼吸困難評分647.50.3250.04541.6561.012(1.008,1.016)<0.0011212.80.5850.1158.5201.011(1.004,1.019)0.004FEV1627.4-0.0650.01421.7100.937(0.911,0.963)<0.0011210.0-0.0140.0673.9930.024(0.001,0.933)0.046FVC656.0-0.0540.00845.2860.918(0.895,0.941)<0.0011230.0-0.0350.01120.7130.894(0.852,0.934)<0.001TLC612.0-0.0480.0095.8100.974(0.953,0.993)0.0161213.0-0.0500.0118.7600.959(0.933,0.986)0.003RV69.0-0.0110.0063.0280.993(0.985,1.001)0.082126.00.0110.0100.9221.007(0.993,1.022)0.337DLCO629.0-0.0680.01023.3500.952(0.931,0.970)<0.0011226.0-0.0580.01323.4400.932(0.906,0.959)<0.001PaO2621.0-0.0550.01116.2500.928(0.895,0.962)<0.0011223.0-0.0740.01524.0700.919(0.888,0.950)<0.001PaCO265.0-0.5040.2741.8060.997(0.907,1.025)0.098123.00.2340.3120.7751.015(0.962,1.139)0.644SaO2622.0-0.2000.03818.1150.848(0.786,0.915)<0.0011217.0-0.2410.05214.0330.803(0.716,0.901)<0.001PA-aO2662.00.0530.00941.5661.177(1.120,1.237)<0.0011220.00.0550.01416.4741.177(1.088,1.274)<0.001
2.4 組間生存率比較 依據(jù)各指標分組標準,將隨訪6個月和12個月患者分別分為改善組、穩(wěn)定組、惡化組,進行組間生存率比較。
隨訪6個月時:呼吸困難評分改善組和穩(wěn)定組生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=1.546,P=0.214);改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=34.661,P<0.001;χ2=67.098,P<0.001)。隨訪12個月時:呼吸困難評分改善組和穩(wěn)定組生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=1.047,P=0.306);改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=5.088,P=0.024;χ2=68.341,P<0.001,見圖1)。
注:A為隨訪6個月時,B為隨訪12個月時;A和B例數(shù)有缺失
圖1 IPF患者隨訪6個月和12個月呼吸困難評分各組生存曲線
Figure 1 Survival curves of each group of dyspnea scores among IPF patients follow-up for the 6 and 12 months
表4 隨訪6個月和12個月指標變化率對IPF患者預后影響的單因素Cox比例風險回歸分析
Table 4 Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis on changing ratio of parameters follow-up for the 6 and 12 months for prognosis of IPF patients
指標時間(月)-2likehoodβSEWaldχ2值HR95%CIP值呼吸困難評分672.70.0670.00649.1611.441(1.301,1.596)<0.0011225.30.0450.01218.4801.620(1.300,2.030)<0.001FEV1630.6-0.0500.01023.1330.952(0.933,0.971)<0.0011213.0-0.0340.0157.5230.923(0.872,0.977)0.006FVC676.6-0.0860.01351.5500.859(0.824,0.895)<0.0011240.0-0.0560.02132.6500.874(0.829,0.913)<0.001TLC613.0-0.0220.0087.6650.978(0.963,0.994)0.0061215.0-0.0310.0109.4150.968(0.948,0.998)0.002RV67.0-0.0050.0032.0280.956(0.945,1.012)0.182127.00.0040.0051.9221.017(0.983,1.122)0.937DLCO638.0-0.0390.00729.5060.962(0.949,0.976)<0.0011235.0-0.0600.01129.2200.942(0.921,0.962)<0.001PaO2630.0-0.0770.01623.2140.926(0.898,0.956)<0.0011227.0-0.0750.01524.0840.928(0.900,0.956)<0.001PaCO266.0-0.0130.0140.8060.987(0.960,1.015)0.369124.00.0070.0080.1751.021(0.942,1.064)0.584SaO2624.0-0.1680.03819.5240.846(0.785,0.911)<0.0011219.0-0.2160.05714.5070.806(0.721,0.900)<0.001PA-aO2668.00.0530.00846.9441.054(1.038,1.070)<0.0011223.00.0360.00918.6291.055(1.030,1.080)<0.001
隨訪6個月時:FVC改善組和穩(wěn)定組、改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=16.197,P<0.001;χ2=67.727,P<0.001;χ2=30.623,P<0.001)。隨訪12個月時:FVC改善組和穩(wěn)定組、改善組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=35.314,P<0.001;χ2=37.987,P<0.001);穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2<0.001,P=0.983,見圖2)。
注:A為隨訪6個月時,B為隨訪12個月時;B例數(shù)有缺失
圖2 IPF患者隨訪6個月和12個月FVC各組生存曲線
Figure 2 Survival curves of each group of FVC among IPF patients follow-up for the 6 and 12 months
隨訪6個月時:TLC改善組和穩(wěn)定組、改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=1.576,P=0.209;χ2=1.774,P=0.183;χ2=0.055,P=0.814)。隨訪12個月時:TLC改善組和穩(wěn)定組、改善組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=8.271,P=0.004;χ2=19.677,P<0.001);穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=1.355,P=0.244,見圖3)。
注:A為隨訪6個月時,B為隨訪12個月時;B例數(shù)有缺失
圖3 IPF患者隨訪6個月和12個月TLC各組生存曲線
Figure 3 Survival curves of each group of TLC among IPF patients follow-up for the 6 and 12 months
隨訪6個月時:DLCO改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和改善組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=21.455,P<0.001;χ2=7.632,P=0.006;χ2=4.016,P=0.045)。隨訪12個月時:DLCO改善組和穩(wěn)定組生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=3.025,P=0.082);改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=23.551,P<0.001;χ2=13.781,P<0.001,見圖4)。
注:A為隨訪6個月時,B為隨訪12個月時
圖4 IPF患者隨訪6個月和12個月DLCO各組生存曲線
Figure 4 Survival curves of each group of DLCO among IPF patients follow-up for the 6 and 12 months
隨訪6個月時:PaO2改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=21.594,P<0.001;χ2=11.958,P=0.001);穩(wěn)定組和改善組生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=0.450,P=0.502)。隨訪12個月時:PaO2改善組和穩(wěn)定組、改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=12.344,P<0.001;χ2=29.527,P<0.001;χ2=10.290,P=0.001,見圖5)。
注:A為隨訪6個月時,B為隨訪12個月時;A例數(shù)有缺失
圖5 IPF患者隨訪6個月和12個月 PaO2各組生存曲線
Figure 5 Survival curves of each group of PaO2among IPF patients follow-up for the 6 and 12 months
隨訪6個月時:SaO2改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=6.743,P=0.009;χ2=9.968,P=0.002);穩(wěn)定組和改善組生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=1.080,P=0.299)。隨訪12個月時:SaO2改善組和穩(wěn)定組生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=0.732,P=0.392);改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=5.523,P<0.001;χ2=12.431,P<0.001,見圖6)。
注:A為隨訪6個月時,B為隨訪12個月時;A例數(shù)有缺失
圖6 IPF患者隨訪6個月和12個月SaO2各組生存曲線
Figure 6 Survival curves of each group of SaO2among IPF patients follow-up for the 6 and 12 months
隨訪6個月時:PA-aO2改善組和惡化組、改善組和穩(wěn)定組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=68.618,P<0.001;χ2=11.520,P=0.001);穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=3.435,P=0.064)。隨訪12個月時:PA-aO2改善組和穩(wěn)定組、改善組和惡化組、穩(wěn)定組和惡化組生存率比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=46.678,P<0.001;χ2=36.539,P<0.001;χ2=5.079,P=0.024,見圖7)。
注:A為隨訪6個月時,B為隨訪12個月時;A例數(shù)有缺失
圖7 IPF患者隨訪6個月和12個月 PA-aO2各組生存曲線
Figure 7 Survival curves of each group of PA-aO2among IPF patients follow-up for the 6 and 12 months
2.5 多因素Cox比例風險回歸分析 對單因素Cox比例風險回歸有意義的指標進行多因素分析,隨訪6個月時:呼吸困難評分變化率〔β=0.157,SE=0.058,HR=1.131,95%CI(1.044,1.311),Wald χ2值=4.919,P=0.027〕、FVC變化率〔β=-0.101,SE=0.034,HR=0.899,95%CI(0.709,0.945),Wald χ2值=17.104,P<0.001〕和PaO2變化率〔β=-0.078,SE=0.021,HR=0.957,95%CI(0.890,0.987),Wald χ2值=4.489,P=0.034〕是影響IPF患者預后的因素;隨訪12個月時:FVC變化率〔β=-0.067,SE=0.023,HR=0.838,95%CI(0.811,0.910),Wald χ2值=17.336,P<0.001〕、TLC變化率〔β=-0.145,SE=0.078,HR=0.962,95%CI(0.890,0.987),Wald χ2值=3.895,P=0.048〕和DLCO變化率〔β=-0.032,SE=0.012,HR=0.932,95%CI(0.875,0.967),Wald χ2值=15.709,P<0.001〕是影響IPF患者預后的因素。
IPF患者預后影響因素的研究一般以基線變量為主,一系列基線變量的研究包括:年齡、性別、吸煙狀態(tài)、呼吸困難評分、FEV1、FVC、TLC、RV、DLCO、PaO2、PA-aO2、胸部X線病變程度、運動生理學、支氣管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺組織病理學[6-9]。但這些研究結論不一。關于基線變量的綜合評分系統(tǒng)包括臨床、影像學和生理[6],雖然是敏感的IPF患者預后影響因素,但其影像學分析和運動肺功能測定很難推廣,限制臨床應用。本研究假設隨訪6個月和12個月指標變化率較變化量更有預后預測意義,以2011年ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT循證醫(yī)學指南為診斷標準,結果顯示:呼吸困難評分、肺功能指標(除RV)和動脈血氣指標(除PaCO2)的組間生存率比較有差異;隨訪6個月時呼吸困難評分、FVC和PaO2變化率和隨訪12個月時FVC、TLC和DLCO變化率是影響IPF患者預后的因素。
本研究單因素Cox比例風險回歸分析中,發(fā)現(xiàn)FVC變化量及其變化率在隨訪6個月和12個月時是影響IPF患者預后最強的因素,F(xiàn)VC測定簡單易行,可重復性好,通常作為評價肺部疾病患者的常用指標[13],為IPF患者提供有力的預后信息,更重要的是,在調整基礎變量后,多因素Cox比例風險回歸分析結果顯示,F(xiàn)VC變化率也是影響IPF患者預后的因素,表明患者疾病進展的程度和初始病變程度是獨立的,均是影響IPF患者預后的因素。已往研究一般注意到IPF患者隨訪過程中FVC變化量對其預后的影響[14-15],研究發(fā)現(xiàn)FVC在隨訪中較基礎值的下降可能帶來病死率增加[16-21],HANSON等[22]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在1年隨訪中FVC下降大于10%的IPF患者預后較差,一些研究把FVC變化率為10%~15%作為分組的標準[17,22-25]。本研究在組間生存率比較中發(fā)現(xiàn):隨訪6個月和12個月FVC改善組(下降大于10%)、穩(wěn)定組(下降10%和升高10%之間)和惡化組(升高10%以上)組間生存率比較有明顯差異。本研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)DLCO下降大于15%的IPF患者死亡危險升高,雖然DLCO的測量標準在國外已確定[26],但DLCO較FVC的測量變異程度大,所以對于IPF患者的臨床顯著改善一般以15%為標準[22-24]。有文獻報道IPF患者經(jīng)過1年的治療,DLCO改善和未變化組較DLCO下降>20%組預后好,如果結合FVC和DLCO的變化,預后價值會更好[22]。本研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)呼吸困難評分、TLC、PaO2、SaO2、PA-aO2組間生存率比較有差異,IPF患者隨訪6個月呼吸困難評分、PaO2變化率和隨訪12個月TLC變化率是影響IPF患者的預后因素,但還未被其他研究所證實,需要進一步研究。
本研究存在缺陷:病例選擇偏倚,因為要求所有入選病例生存>6或12個月,要求所有IPF患者在6個月和12個月時進行隨訪,但很多患者沒有及時來訪。
臨床和肺生理指標易測定、重復性好,可作為IPF患者預后監(jiān)測指標,隨訪6個月和12個月指標的變化率較指標變化量對IPF患者的預后意義更好,但應進一步研究。
作者貢獻:彭守春進行試驗設計與實施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對文章負責;李學任進行試驗實施、評估、資料收集、質量控制及審校。
本文無利益沖突。
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(本文編輯:賈萌萌)
Relevance Analysis of Changes in Clinical Indicators and Pulmonary Physiological Parameters and Prognosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
PENGShou-chun,LIXue-ren.
DepartmentofRespiratoryandIntensiveCare,AffiliatedHospitalofLogisticsCollegeofChinesePeople′sArmedPoliceForces,Tianjin300162,China
Correspondingauthor:PENGShou-chun,DepartmentofRespiratoryandIntensiveCare,AffiliatedHospitalofLogisticsCollegeofChinesePeople′sArmedPoliceForces,Tianjin300162,China;E-mail:Pengshouchun@163.com
Objective To assess the relationship between the changing quantities at different times of clinical indicators,pulmonary physiological parameters and the prognosis of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF).Methods 126 patients with IPF,who received treatment in the First Hospital of China Medical University and the Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People′s Armed Police Forces from January 2001 to August 2008,were selected as research objects.According to the follow-up time,the patients were followed up for 6 months(followed-up of 4-8 months,81 cases)and 12 months(followed-up of 9-15 months,52 cases)were analyzed.The relationship between the changing quantity of clinical indicators,pulmonary physiological parameters〔dyspnea score,forced expiratory volume in first second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC),total lung volume(TLC),residual volume(RV),diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide(DLCO),oxygen partial pressure(PaO2),partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),oxygen saturation(SaO2)and alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen difference(PA-aO2)〕,compared with underlying variables(underlying variables-variables within follow-up for 6 months;underlying variables-variables within follow-up for 12 months),changing ratio(changing quantity/underlying variables)and the prognosis of the IPF patients was analyzed.At the same time,taking the changing ratio as the grouping standard,the patients who were followed up for 6 months and 12 months in this study were respectively divided into improvement group,stable group and worsening group.Log-rank method was used to compare the differences in between-group survival rates of various clinical and pulmonary physiological parameters at the 6th month and the 12th month.The prognostic factors of IPF patients were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression.Results 52 patients had a follow-up of 13 to 84 months,and the median survival time was 51 months〔95%CI(22,56)〕.The results of univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed as follows:the changing value and ratio of dyspnea scores and the FEV1,F(xiàn)VC,TLC,DLCO,PaO2,SaO2,PA-aO2at the 6th month and the 12th month were the influencing factors of IPF patients′ prognosis(P<0.05).There were significant differences of survival rate of improvement group,stable group and worsening group of dyspnea scores,F(xiàn)VC,DLCO,PaO2,SaO2and PA-aO2at the 6th and the 12th month,and TLC at the 12th month(P<0.05).Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the changing ratio of dyspnea scores〔HR=1.131,95%CI(1.044,1.311),P=0.027〕, FVC〔HR=0.899,95%CI(0.709,0.945),P<0.001〕 and PaO2〔HR=0.957,95%CI(0.890,0.987),P=0.034〕 were the influencing factors of the prognosis of IPF patients at the 6th month;the changing ratio of FVC〔HR=0.838,95%CI(0.811,0.910),P<0.001〕,TLC〔HR=0.962,95%CI(0.890,0.987),P=0.048〕and DLCO〔HR=0.932,95%CI(0.875,0.967),P<0.001〕 were the influencing factors of the prognosis of IPF patients at the 12th month.Conclusion Clinical indicators and pulmonary physiological parameters are easy to determine with good reproducibility,which can be the monitoring indicators of IPF patients′ prognosis.The changing ratio of the parameters at 6th month and 12th month can better predict the prognosis of patients with IPF.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis;Prognosis; Proportional hazards models;Vital capacity
武警后勤學院附屬醫(yī)院種子基金重點項目(FYZ201510)
300162天津市,武警后勤學院附屬醫(yī)院呼吸與重癥醫(yī)學科
彭守春,300162天津市,武警后勤學院附屬醫(yī)院呼吸與重癥醫(yī)學科;E-mail:pengshouchun@163.com
R 563.13
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.35.010
2015-05-23;
2016-08-20)