阿納姆國(guó)家文物博物館

荷蘭阿納姆

阿納姆國(guó)家文物博物館

荷蘭阿納姆

業(yè)主：荷蘭Openluchtmuseum

設(shè)計(jì)：1995-1998年

施工：1999-2000年

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：Goudstikker-de Vries / ACN b.v， Capelle a/d IJssel

機(jī)械工程：阿默斯福特技術(shù)管理公司

建筑施工：Strukton Bouwprojekten b.v， Maarssen

面積：3 185平方米

獲獎(jiǎng)：2000年TECU建筑獎(jiǎng)，2003年國(guó)家建筑獎(jiǎng)

攝影：Christian Richters

Client： Nederlands Openluchtmuseum， Arnhem

Design： 1995-1998

Execution： 1999-2000

Structural engineer： Goudstikker-de Vries / ACN b.v， Capelle a/d IJssel

Mechanical engineer： Technical Management b.v， Amersfoort

Contractor architecture： Strukton Bouwprojekten b.v， Maarssen

Area： 3 185 m2

Awards： TECU Architecture Award 2000， National Building Prize 2003

Photos： ? Christian Richters

入口大廳和新景點(diǎn)

成立于1912年的國(guó)家文物博物館位于阿納姆附近起伏不斷的林濤中，地理位置非常優(yōu)越。博物館公園占地44公頃，展現(xiàn)了不同時(shí)期和地區(qū)的住宅。博物館還珍藏了具有歷史意義的服裝和珠寶，但因沒(méi)有展覽空間，無(wú)法展示。為了減少氣候的影響，博物館邀請(qǐng)梅卡諾設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)室內(nèi)展覽空間和一個(gè)入口大廳。另外，博物館還希望增加一個(gè)名為HollandRama的多媒體展示館，作為博物館一個(gè)新的景點(diǎn)，用于介紹公園里展出的物件。

巨石和143米長(zhǎng)墻

設(shè)計(jì)從博物館外部景觀入手。游客沿著一條用廢渣鋪成的小路經(jīng)過(guò)一座13米高、外觀神秘的蛋形建筑。建筑讓人駐足叩問(wèn)。這真的是一顆蛋么？或者是一塊巨石？或者我們看到的是什么天外來(lái)客？沒(méi)有人當(dāng)場(chǎng)給你答案，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)巨蛋沒(méi)有入口。廢渣鋪成的小路帶著游客沿著一道長(zhǎng)143米、橫穿外部景觀的墻到達(dá)入口。這道墻用舊鵝卵石和磚塊建造，形成了國(guó)家文物博物館的正門(mén)。墻的后面是寬敞透明的入口大廳，可以看到博物館外的開(kāi)闊草地。因地勢(shì)高低起伏，這個(gè)門(mén)廳也隨自然地勢(shì)與周?chē)木坝^融為一體。

樞點(diǎn)

這座玻璃大廳是整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的樞點(diǎn)。大廳不光是公園入口，也有各種設(shè)施。在一樓，游客可以光顧商場(chǎng)、咖啡店、知識(shí)中心和禮堂。地勢(shì)稍低的地方是兩個(gè)展覽館，經(jīng)常舉行一些臨時(shí)性的展覽活動(dòng)，還經(jīng)常展出博物館收藏的服裝和珠寶。游客進(jìn)入通往一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)全景劇院后，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)蛋形建筑的謎底。這里就是多媒體展示播放的地方。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)、動(dòng)畫(huà)、電影、聲音和氣味效果的襯托似乎讓這些歷史古跡復(fù)活了。

Entrance pavilion and new attraction

Founded in 1912， the National Heritage Museum is splendidly situated in the rolling landscape of the woods near Arnhem. The museum park comprises forty-four hectares and shows dwellings from different periods and regions. The museum has its own collection of historical clothing and jewellery， but lacks an exhibition space for them to be shown in. In order to make visiting the museum less dependent on the weather， Mecanoo was asked to design not only an indoor exhibition space， but also an entrance pavilion. In addition， the museum wanted to create a new attraction， the ‘HollandRama'， a multimedia show introducing the objects to be seen in the park.

Boulder and a 143 metre long wall

The landscape was taken as the starting point for the design. The visitor is led over a path of recycled clinkers past a mysterious egg-shaped building about 13 metres high. The building raises a lot of questions. Is it really an egg？ A boulder perhaps？ Or are we dealing here with something extraterrestrial？ You're not given an answer， for there's no entrance to be found. The path of clinkers leads the visitor on to the entrance in a 143 metre long wall cutting across the landscape. The wall is constructed from a mosaic of old cobblestones and bricks and forms the gate to the National Heritage Museum. Behind this unfolds a spacious， transparent entrance hall with a view of the open meadow of the outdoor museum. Because of the differences of level the hall adapts itself in a natural way to the rolling landscape.

Hinge point

The glass hall is the hinge point in the design. It not only forms the entrance to the park but it also houses various facilities. On the ground floor one can visit the museum shop， the coffee shop， the knowledge centre or the auditorium. A level lower there are two exhibition spaces where changing exhibitions are held and a semi-permanent display of clothing and jewellery from the museum's own collection. The mystery of the egg-shaped building is solved when the visitor enters a tunnel that turns out to lead to a rotating panorama theatre. Here is where the multimedia show takes place. With the aid of virtual reality， animations， film， sound and odour effects， historical objects are brought to life.

National Heritage Museum Arnhem， the Netherlands

首層平面 ground floor

model photo： ? Pieter Vandermeer

立面圖 facades

剖面圖 sections