Opinions of the CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee and Chongqing Municipal People's Government on Deepening Reform， Further Opening up and Accelerating Innovation-driven Development Strategy

（Adopted at the 9th Plenary Session of the 4th CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee on September 6， 2016）

Opinions of the CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee and Chongqing Municipal People's Government on Deepening Reform， Further Opening up and Accelerating Innovation-driven Development Strategy

（Adopted at the 9th Plenary Session of the 4th CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee on September 6， 2016）

Innovation is the primary force that drives development. It is an important power that pushes forward social progress. According to the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and State Council on Deepening System and Mechanism Reform and Accelerating Innovation-driven Development Strategy, the Outline of the National Innovation-driven Development Strategy and the unified arrangement made by the National Science and Technology Innovation Conference， the CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee and Chongqing Municipal People's Government gave the following opinions on the further deepening of reform， opening up and the accelerating of innovation-driven development strategy.

I. Overall Requirements

1. Guidelines

Under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory， the important thoughts of “Three Represents” and the Scientific Outlook on Development， the government must further study and implement the essence of General Secretary Xi's speech series and the important speech he made in Chongqing， and fully carry on the requirements of the 18th National Party Congress， the 3rd， 4th，and 5th sessions of the 18th Central Committee of CPC as well as the National Science and Technology Innovation Conference. In line with the overall requirements of the overall plan for economic， political， cultural， social， and ecological progress as well as the Four-prolonged Comprehensive Strategy， we must adhere to the development thoughts that put our people at the first place and to the development concept that combines innovation， coordination， environmental protection， openness，and sharing. We must， in all respects， execute the strategy of rejuvenating China through science and education， the strategy of reinvigorating China through human resource development， the development strategy of five functional zones and further deepening reform and opening-up. We will expedite the allaround innovation that focuses on science and technology， direct our effort to spur enterprise to be innovation subject， stimulate talent's creativity of innovation， boost open and comprehensive innovation， and create a favorable innovation climate to speed up the transformation and transfer of scientific achievements. Meanwhile， we will accelerate the building of an innovation center in West China， propelling the conversion of development force as well as the transformation in development mode so that we can provide strong support for Chongqing to complete a moderately well-off society.

2. Fundamental Principles

We must be demand-oriented. While riding on the global technology development trend， we must also focus on the development strategic positioning and socio-economic development demand of Chongqing as well as the innovation in industrial chain layout， so that an economic system and a development pattern primarily driven and supported by innovation can be formed and the supply capacity of strategic emerging industry improved， thus lifting us higher in the mountaineering race of scientifi c and technological innovation.

We must adhere to deepening reform. Acting by the law of scientific innovation we will aim at the prominent problems hindering innovation-driven development， breaking down system and mechanism obstacles that stand in the way of deep merging between technology and economy. We will intensify the role of market orientation， highlighting the dominant role that enterprise innovation plays while transforming government functions so as to form a favorable system climate that fully instills vitality to the innovation and creativity of the whole society.

We must adhere to opening-up to lead development. To adapt to the globalization of innovation， we will integrate Chongqing to theglobal innovation network. We must expedite the construction of an open innovation ecosystem， better synergizing the innovation subjects of different kinds with their regions and aggregating innovation resources in a larger scope where a variety of innovation elements are in orderly flow， comprehensive integration and effi cient use.

We must give priority to good talents. We will place human resources development at the top of our plan in the innovationdriven development progress. Taking the full play of the initiative and creativity of talents as our central task， we will reform the mechanism of personnel concerning their evaluation，introducing， training， and using. We will also step up the building of scientifi c and technological innovation platforms to increase the appealing to them， gathering them in the innovative course and training them in innovative practice so that all kinds of talents can dedicate freely their ability to the best of its use and deserve what they want.

We must persist in all-around innovation. We will concentrate on sci-tech innovation， combine it with system innovation and together use them as two “spinning wheels” that comprehensively drive innovation in product， brand， industrial organization， business model and so on. That is， we will implement the innovation-driven development strategy in all aspects and the whole progress of socio-economic development.

3. Development Goals

By 2020，we will make Chongqing a member on the list of innovation-oriented cities with tremendous progress made in the building of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zones. And an innovation center of West China is to be preliminarily established to provide strong support for Chongqing to complete a moderately well-off society.

Innovation-oriented economic structure is to be generally formed. We will build up knowledge-intensive multipoint supported industrial structure to incubate competitive industrial clusters and promote cultural innovation industry. By then， the proportion of the added value between emerging manufacturing industry and above-scale industry will have reached 30%. The proportion of the added value between knowledge-intensive service industry and gross regional production （GRP） will reach 20% and the contribution rate of science and technology above 60%.

Regional innovation capacity is to have a sharp rise. We are to notably enhance the gathering and dispatching capacity of innovation elements as well as the effective integration of enterprises， universities and research institutes. The status of innovative enterprise subject is going to rise in a big margin. By the time， we will have fostered a batch of leading innovationoriented enterprises， established a number of major scientific innovation platforms as well as key professional disciplines，gathered a group of high-caliber talents of creativity and lastly， developed products and techniques with independent intellectual property rights. The proportion between fund expenditure of R & D and GRP is to achieve 2.5%. And we will double the number of patent ownership per 10，000 people as well as the high-tech products sales revenue.

Innovation ecosystem is to be more optimized. We will encourage creativity in laws， regulations and policies to make them sounder. The intellectual property protection is to be enhanced and innovation service system further improved. By then the value of innovation will have been fully demonstrated in a cultural climate and value orientation not only advocating innovation success but also tolerating failure.

II. Consolidating the Innovation Subject Status of Enterprise Technological Innovation

4. Stimulating enterprises to increase investment in technological innovation. By giving play to the leverage of financial fund and employing inclusive policies more， we will instruct and support enterprises to increase their investment in technological innovation， improve the calculation methods of enterprise R & D expenditure as well as upgrade the adding and deduction handling procedure of it. We encourage abovescale enterprises to withdraw 3%-5% of their sales revenue as reserve fund of R & D. Calculation will be made according to the actual expenditure before tax and they will be given a reward that is 10% of the newly-increased R & D investment.

5. Improving innovative products and service support policy. We will issue subsidy policy on new product R & D cost. For those new municipal-level products that have been recognized by the market and passed professional evaluation， we will grant in two consecutive years a fi nancial subsidy that is 50% of the newly increased local tax revenue from these new products. And the subsidy duration can be extended to 3 consecutive years if the products have invention patent. Meanwhile， we will execute the first supportive policy on significant technological equipment and give a certain proportion of subsidy to business units that purchase the equipment according to their purchasing quota.

We will improve the purchase policy that favors the application of innovative product. Each year small and micro enterprises will directly and indirectly receive no less than 20% of the government purchase contract amount. For the innovative products and services， we will， on a trial basis， implement a system of longterm appointed procurement and risk compensation in an attempt to encourage market subjects to buy innovative products and services in the way of contract and stabilize the market expectation of product developers and service providers. Relevant insurance subsidies will be granted to them if the research of the appointed product or service confronts failure.

6. Implementing National High-tech Enterprise Incubation Program. We will establish incubation base of national hightech enterprises and take comprehensive measures to develop tech-oriented enterprises. As we launch this incubation project of micro， small and medium-scale tech-oriented enterprises， we will also ameliorate a series of supportive policies regarding favorable income tax， entrepreneurial subsidy， and subsidized loan and so on. In due time， we will follow up such professional services as equity investment， pre-listing tutoring， transformation and incubation of enterprises. We will not only encourage enterprises to establish corporatized research companies in which research personnel holds shares and social capital participates， but also support teams of overseas high-caliber personnel to initiate and found new-type research organizations that are professional and open for public benefits. For those eligible tech-oriented enterprises， we will incorporate them into the national high-tech enterprise incubation base and support them with vouchers for special innovation projects.

7. Supporting synergized innovation in enterprises， universities and research institutes. Top enterprises will be encouraged to establish industrial technological innovation alliance with universities and research institutes from home and aboard to engage in the R & D of major industrial techniques， and to explore the system of using and protecting intellectual property right as well as sharing scientific results. Those eligible ones can be registered as business legal entities that enjoy the expenditure deduction policy on enterprise R & D and be supported to undertake scientific and technological projects of the city. In addition， we encourage enterprises， industrial parks， scientific research institutions to innovate their investment and financial pattern， to establish board of directors that leads all kinds of innovation subjects to participate in new-type collaborative innovation research entities that run on a membership basis as well as technical research competition. On the other hand， we will explore the possibility of fi nancial stability and support， compete in fund source mechanism such as horizontal market cooperation and vertical subject， and push forward the sustainable development of various synergized innovative organizations. For those that meet the conditions of high-end collaborative innovative organizations， we can grand a financial fund that is 1/3 of their operation cost at maximum.

8. Incubating leading innovation-oriented enterprises. In order to connect the “Top 100 National Innovative Enterprises Project”，we will launch the incubation plan of leading innovation-oriented enterprises， benchmarking pioneers in the same fi eld to establish incubation base of leading enterprises through selection. We will carry out pilot work of the innovation transformation of leading enterprises in different industries and promote the interactive development among enterprise technique innovation，management innovation， and business model innovation. Special support will be given to leading companies that build state-level R & D institutions with universities and research academies. We are going to carry out the plan to build platforms of innovation and entrepreneurship that combine manufacturing and the Internet. Leading enterprises are to be encouraged to blaze new business scope， do R & D in new products and finally form an internal innovation ecosystem in them. In order to develop new business models and enhance the market competence of enterprises，we will back up enterprises in innovation chains to merge and reorganize， encouraging the leading ones to jointly establish cross-industry and even cross-border innovation centers that have independent legal qualifi cation with innovative subjects from home and abroad. For those chosen to participate in the “Top 100 Innovative Enterprise Program”， we will appropriate counterpart funds according to national standards.

9. Improving the performance assessment of state-owned enterprises （SOE）. We will complete the coverage of research institutes of key state-owned enterprises on municipal and county level. Each year， a certain proportion of fund will be arranged in the state-owned capital management budget to establish special project of SOE technical innovation and we will strive to make major technical breakthrough. In addition， we will encourage more SOE to establish national high-tech enterprises and newtype research institutes， improving the innovation capacity of enterprises through the capital fund injection from the state-owned capital management budget， interest-free and low-interest loans. What's more， we will better the innovation incentive system of SOE as well as the SOE assessment methods that values R & D investment as much as profi t， weighing more on the assessmentof innovation achievements and specifying the responsibility of innovation that the enterprise leading authority bears. The enterprise income transformed from scientifi c or technological achievements will be taken as deduction item in the delivery of profi t. At the same time， the share holding pilot is to be carried out among cadre employees and research personnel of statecontrolled mixed ownership enterprises， with the upper limit of share holding being 30%.

10. Perfecting supporting services for enterprise innovation chain. We will encourage the third-party institutions to provide innovative entrepreneurs with innovation chain services concerning industrial design， chip patent pool， inspection and testing， mould processing， intellectual property， patent standards， smart automatic speech recognition （ASR）module， prototype manufacturing， trial production， and product promotion. We will promote the R & D of large scientific instrument and the sharing and opening-up of public service platforms and support the establishment of public technological service demonstration platform for national medium and smallsized enterprises. In addition， such resources of professional fi elds as the technique， capital， information， market and human power will be integrated to develop a group of entrepreneurship mentors as well as professional training institutions that provide customized services for innovative start-ups. Pilot work of tech-innovation vouchers will be carried out to support exclusively micro， small and medium-scale enterprises that buy professional services from the third-party innovation service organizations.

III. Promoting Innovation in Key Fields and Key Areas

11. Striving to make breakthroughs of new technologies in key industries. Concentrating on the technological needs of key industries， such as automobile， electronics， equipment，chemistry， medicine and pharmacy， materials， energy and consumer goods， we will explore and release guidelines on critical general technology development of industries and innovation roadmap of manufacturing technology on the basis of digitalization， networking， and intelligent， green and serviceoriented technologies. We will intensively tackle critical general technologies in a batch of leading industries， strengthen the research and development of basic components， basic manufacturing processes and basic materials， make a number of invention patents come out and set technical standards， promote the engineering and industrialization of scientifi c and technological achievements， focus on working out low additional value and low local matching rate of key raw materials， major equipment， basic devices， and support the transformation and upgrading of key industries. We will keep pace with the world's leading edge of science and technology and focus on a new generation of information technology， intelligent manufacturing，precise medicine， advanced automobile， new materials， clean energy， smart cities and other key fields， implement major science and technology projects to seize the commanding heights of future industrial development. We will accelerate the innovation in agricultural information， agricultural product quality and safety， green ecological agriculture technology research and development and rural E-commerce model to better sustain the expansion of agricultural value chain.

12. Aiming at the crossed cutting edge to build a batch of new platforms. Major scientific and technological innovation special funds of three billion RMB is established to support the construction of major innovation platforms， leading talents teams and key disciplines and reinforce the material and technological foundation of self-independent innovation. Targeting at the development orientation of global advanced technologies and development needs of Chongqing strategic industries， we will introduce the peer evaluation and competition mechanism at home and abroad， plan a number of major scientific and technological innovation platforms， and form a shared service platform system covering scientifi c instruments，scientifi c research facilities， scientifi c data， scientifi c literature，experimental materials and other scientific and technological resources. We will encourage and support the conditional universities and research institutes to assume the tasks of national laboratory construction， provide them with full fi nancial support in accordance with national regulations and sustain the innovation subjects to assume the construction tasks of national engineering laboratories， national key laboratories，national engineering （technology） research centers， national manufacturing innovation centers and other major national innovation carriers. Concentrating on the electronic core devices， new materials， new energy， medicine and health and other strategic emerging industries， we will make efforts to establish a batch of municipal engineering laboratories， key laboratories， engineering （technology） research centers and industrial general technology innovation platforms. We will optimize the scientifi c and technological resources and establish an evaluation and monitoring system for the user-oriented platform to effectively solve the duplication of construction， idle waste and other issues.

13. Focusing on the integration， infi ltration and development of a batch of new formats. By virtue of the development opportunity of internet technology， we will advance the integration and penetration of internet into various fields and accelerate the development of new formats such as industrial internet， internet fi nance， intelligent education， digital medical treatment and virtual logistics， and foster community innovation formats based on open-source software and hardware platforms. We will fuel the development of knowledge-intensive services such as intelligentmanufacturing-oriented integration of information systems，technology transfer， intellectual property， finance leasing and others， and promote the transformation of the manufacturing industry. We will channel great energy into developing information and communication service industry cluster covering “cloud platform plus information pipeline plus intelligent terminals plus content services”. We will provide guidance on introducing intelligence， health， experience and other new elements into traditional products to forge new formats and new industries with friendliness， collaboration and experience as the main features.

14. Depending on the application of technologies， we will generalize a batch of new modes. We will actively develop new modes such as vertical integration of industrial chains and process outsourcing， vigorously promote new economic platforms such as popular entrepreneurship， crowd-sourcing，collective support and crowd-funding， support large enterprises to outsource or entrust non-core business and concentrate resources to develop core business. We will also encourage all types of enterprises to carry out technical cooperation or R & D outsourcing to improve the proportion of cooperation and innovation. We will energetically foster and develop sharing economy， target at promoting platform construction of sharing the production equipment and scientific research equipment，and explore the establishment of new sharing mechanism for the talents， data and services. Great efforts will made to promote new open R & D models and construct horizontal and vertical collaborative innovation platforms of industry chains in leading industries in order to achieve resource sharing， as well as costsharing. We will advance networked manufacturing trials to achieve the sharing and intelligent management of full life cycle data of products. Also， we are to vigorously develop customized production methods.

15. Guiding the gathering of innovation elements into key areas. Focusing on the Lingjiang New District and Chongqing Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone， we will accelerate the construction of national demonstration zones for independent innovation. We will formulate and issue the layout plan and implementation plan for the construction and development of demonstration zones，establish planning， coordinating and promoting mechanism， and make pilots in the following fi elds such as the reform of science and technology system and mechanism， scientific research projects and funds management， transformation of scientifi c and technological achievements， deep integration of military and civilian， equity incentive， integration of science and technology and finance， protection and application of intellectual property protection， training and introduction of talents， fostering new innovative organizations etc， to form a batch of reform initiatives and policy measures that can be copied and generalized. We will strengthen the innovation function of high-tech zones， economic development zones and various special industrial parks， target at attracting R & D teams， scientific and technological enterprises and science and technology service institutions in inviting investment， and strengthen the construction of scientifi c research infrastructure and innovative public service platforms to provide scientifi c and technological support and innovative vitality for the technical reconstruction， new product development and industrial upgrading of the industrial parks.

IV. Accelerating the Transformation of Scientifi c and Technological Achievements

16. Strengthening the market orientation in scientific research project selections. We will give full play to the guiding role of market in research projects， and set up technology innovation strategy advisory committees mainly composed of entrepreneurs and industry experts and have them participate in the formulation of technological innovation projects， plans， policies and the decision-making of scientifi c research projects. More approaches，such as financial subsidies and indirect investment and so on，will be adopted to guide and support enterprises to invest first. Moreover， the rate of the municipal science and technology funds used for marketing science and technology projects and projects led and implemented by enterprises in the municipal science and technology projects will be no less than 80%.

17. Decentralizing the rights of use， disposition and usufruct of the scientific and technological achievements. The rights of use， disposition and usufruct of the scientific and technological achievements which are produced by the support of financial funds without involving defense， national security， national interests and major public interests， are delegated to the project undertaker. The use and disposition of scientifi c and technologicalachievements in China shall not be examined and approved or filed for record. Whatever achieves from the transformation of scientifi c and technological achievements belongs to the project undertaking unit， while the disposal of income is not turned over to the state treasury. Universities and research institutes are allowed to determine the transaction price and shareholding ratio of scientific and technological achievements according to agreements. Compulsory licensing， transferring rights and other measures will be adopted in accordance with laws to promote and accelerate the transformation of scientifi c and technological achievements which fail to be transformed in three years.

18. Increasing the scientific talents' earnings ratio in the transformation of achievement. The profits from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of universities and research institutions can be appropriately distributed to the staff having made great contribution， the affiliated units and achievement transferring institutions. In the distribution， the reward for scientific and technological talents shall be no less than 50% of the net income， and the share of income distributed to the talents having made great contribution shall be no less than 50% of the total reward. Meanwhile，the usufruct of achievement transferring institutes should be earnestly guaranteed. The share reward， such as shares and contributive proportion given to the talents by the universities and institutes， as well as the transferring of state-owned share right of new research and development institutes （referring to the ones established according to the “funds allocating into investment” mode of financial capital and having passed the review and project approval） to scientific talents having made great contribution， can be confirmed in accordance with the contract and agreement， the completion status and the appraisal on scientifi c and technological achievements. We will explore the system of having principal leaders in state-run universities and scientifi c research academies hold shares of the transformation of scientifi c and technological achievements before their taking offi ce.

19. Accelerating the development of technology transaction markets. Centering around the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of “Internet Plus” and having the need as orientation， we will forge a professional technology transaction internet platform combining the online operation and offl ine operation， achieving the connection of national scientifi c information system and technological transferring information platforms at home and abroad， and providing professional services， such as information distribution， fi nancing and mergers，public listing， bidding auction， counseling and mentoring and so on.

20. Creating a batch of new incubation carriers. We will vigorously encourage the social forces to take the advantage of idle buildings to create new technological incubation carriers，such as popular entrepreneurship space， incubators and accelerators. New incubators and accelerators are provided with land on the basis of the nature of industrial estate， and incubation carrier housing is allowed to be registered divisionally according to buildings or layers and leased or transferred. As to the science-and-technology enterprise incubators equipped with functions of experiment， testing， small scale experiment，pilot scale experiment， manufacture of prototypes and so on，operation performance award will be offered to the outstanding. We will urge the science-and-technology parks to establish compensation system for creating science-and-technology enterprise incubators by virtue of social capital investment.

V. Promoting All-directional and Open Innovation

21. Introducing the global innovative resources. Around the needs of key industries and long-term development， we will move ahead toward introducing all sorts of innovation resources， such as research institutions， talents and advantageous technology when paying attention to the introduction of manufacturing projects，and achieving the direction turn of attracting business and investment. We will actively develop research and development cooperation with the world's top 100 innovative companies，domestic and foreign well-known research institutions and famous universities， and strive for their setting up research and development institutions in Chongqing. We will strengthen the cooperation with science-and-technology organizations at home and abroad， standardization organization， testing and technology consulting institutes， and guide them to set up headquarters or branches. Incentive mechanism will be improved to introduce high-end research and development institutions and onetime ample reward will be given to the institutions meeting the requirements. As for high-end research and development institutions set up with independent legal person， R & D subsidy will be granted for three consecutive years based on the tax contribution of the units and their employees. As to the selfbuilt research and development rooms for private use， urbanutility charges on them will be lowered. Also， we will advance the construction of open and innovative cooperation parks， and build a batch of international innovation cooperation parks equipped with industrial characteristics and technical advantages.

22. Carrying out international innovative cooperation actively. We will urge enterprises to take the lead in setting up mergers and acquisitions funds for the industry technology innovation，encourage the involvement of financial institutions， and implement the mergers and acquisitions of overseas research institutions. We will encourage enterprises to layout overseas R & D centers， and science-and-technology business incubators. Research and development expenditure produced by R & D centers set up overseas by the enterprises is brought into the reserve management of enterprise research and development，and can enjoy the financial reward and subsidy as that of the domestic spending of R & D funds. The membership fees of the enterprise joining international innovation alliance led by the world famous universities and well-known incubator， etc.， are granted with suitable proportion of subsidy. Innovation subjects， which develop international industry-university-research cooperation with overseas colleges and universities， R & D institutions and enterprises and successfully realize the industrialization of major projects in Chongqing， will be granted with suitable proportion of subsidy according to the actual amount in the technology contracts. Management mechanism for foreign science and technology exchange will be enriched with flexibility. Payment required in international R & D cooperation projects， to which prior commitment is made by research and development units， is jointly supervised by the involved municipal authorities. When it comes to the scientific research talents and professional and technical talents in state-owned enterprises and institutions leaving the country or going abroad on business， the number of people， batch and residence time abroad shall be reviewed and approved to provide convenience for foreign exchanges and cooperation of science and technology.

23. Promoting civil-military integration. We will advance integrated design of innovation chain， including development， integration and application of key technology. In addition， we will also kick off pilot projects to integrate common technology of civil and military businesses and to standardize basic raw materials and parts to make them universal. National innovation demonstration zones of civil-military integration shall be set up， and local businesses， colleges and research institutions are encouraged to cooperate with military businesses and national defense agencies to construct new platform and industrial bases for civilmilitary integration. Moreover， military businesses and scientific research institutions of national defense are expected to share platforms， transfer technologies and participate in the development of civil technology in urgent need. With their support to local businesses in technological development of national defense，equipment manufacturing， components production and military goods maintenance， we expect two-way technology transfer and industrial interaction between civil and military fi elds.

24. Advancing local cooperation in innovation. Located at the strategic joint of “Belt & Road” initiative and Yangtze River Economic Belt， Chongqing will keep pace with strategies and planning of both domestic provinces and cities and of foreign countries alongside the economic belts， steering economic development with innovation. On the basis of the China-Singapore（Chongqing） Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity，we will also provide new platform for cooperation in technological innovation and introduce high-level research teams and good quality resources， so as to build up a collaborative innovation community. This local mechanism is expected to stimulate talents cooperation， resources sharing， mutual benefits and market connection. In addition， we will chart the course of innovation in five major functional areas with classified incentive measures. In City Function Core Area and Expansion Area， we will develop headquarters economy， strengthening innovation function of key and frontier technology. Development center shall be built in Urban Development Zone to promote technological introduction，assimilation and re-creation. With regard to Chongqing's Northeast Ecological Conservation Development Area and Southwest Ecological Protection Area， we will build local technology transfer center， accelerating promotion and application of advanced applicable technology. A new development pattern is expected to form， with supportive industrial technology in each functional area steering development with innovation.

VI. Strengthening the Supply Capacity of Science and Technology Innovation Source

25. Enhancing original innovation competency. We will perfect research management system of colleges and encourage schools to attempt corporate governance structure， such as board of management and board of direction. Schedules of department，subject and expertise in the higher education programs need to be optimized to increase the share of subjects closely related to innovation. In addition， we will distribute 8% to 10% of annual financial funds to support study， experiment and developmentof applicable technology， adjusting and optimizing educational expenditure. With the national objective of “double firstclass”， colleges， research institutions， hi-tech businesses and relevant institutions at home and abroad are encouraged to build national first-class universities and subjects by resources integration. Municipal finance will support those successful businesses with the rate of 1：0.5-1. Moreover， we will make new evaluation measures for municipal key disciplines， improving talents nurturing， subject development and scientific research systematically. Local colleges are also encouraged to run school with key universities at home and abroad， nurturing international innovative talents. Universities are also expected to implement plans of innovation partnership， attracting businesses to participate in competitive technology research.

26. Improving the competency of developing common technology. In order to construct regional innovation system， Chongqing will adjust and optimize organization structure of scientifi c research institutions， improving the city's competency in developing common technology. In addition， scientifi c institutions specialized in technological development are encouraged to be transferred into corporations， whose original fi nancial support will be kept the same in the first three years. For those transferred institutions carrying many common scientifi c research tasks， a technological development business group may be constructed and a multiple security mechanism may be formed to guarantee their research expenditures. For those institutions specialized in production and business， a technology company of diversified ownership may be built by social-capital introduction and overall listing. Moreover， Chongqing will implement classifi cation reform in nonprofi t research institutions， endowing them with more authority in structure management， employment， professional title appraisal，key performance evaluation and salary distribution. Research institutions are also encouraged to work with colleges and businesses to make key technological breakthrough， improving their competency to support economic and social development. Furthermore， the institutions shall build management system for key performance in innovation and ask the third-party institutions to make evaluation， which will be regarded as key basis for their fi nancial support.

VII. Constructing High-level Innovative Talent Teams

27. Improving the incentive measures for innovative talents. We will loosen up the gross salary limit on state-owned enterprises and institutions. While the institutions are expected to list research incentives and researcher's payment separately in their operation budget， the enterprises are expected to utilize their profit from technology transfer and not to count their incentives from profi t of horizontal project into their gross salary for key performance. Moreover， state-owned enterprises and institutions are allowed to set special funds for high-level labors and pay salary incentives to those making great contribution. The special funds need not be counted into their gross salary for key performance. In addition，we encourage enterprises to provide equity， option and bonus incentives to scientifi c researchers. When researchers get their equity incentive， they can delay their individual income tax to the time when they get income from stock dividend or transfer， and pay the tax by installments within five years. We also prefer a more fl exible assessing system for our high-level labors， which may emphasize research progress and key performance rather than working hours.

28. Deepening the reform of professional title management. We will emphasize application of innovation patents and volume of technology transfer in professional title evaluation. In new research institutions， large key companies and hi-tech corporations， we will kick off pilot programs of self-evaluation of professional titles， opening “green channel” for high-level overseas talents， post-doctoral researchers and workers with special talents. Moreover， we will separate professional evaluation and employment in applied research institutions. Employment of job applicants with professional technical qualification must be decided through competition and their payment is decided by their position and subject to adjustment according to their position.

29. Introducing high-level talents at home and abroad. Special funds will be set up to introduce high-level talents and marketing mechanism for introducing high-level talents will be perfected. Also， we will give full play to the subject role of the employer units in introducing high-level talents. We will strive to introduce fulltime innovative entrepreneurial teams， especially the leading talents， and encourage the following flexible approaches in introducing talents， such as the project cooperation， technology development， technology consulting and academic exchanges and so on. Judging standards and reward mechanism will be established for talents market. The introduced high-level talents will be granted with one-time award according to the suitable proportion of the actual annual salary distributed by the employer units. The science and technology enterprises established by mortgage housing purchase or established by investment， willbe granted with subsidy based on the retained portion of the individual income tax turned over in fi ve years. Those obtaining equity dividends or equity transfer benefits will be granted with fi nancial subsidy according to 50% of the retained portion of the turned over individual income tax. According to the demands of the introduced high-level talents， a batch of science and technology innovation platforms will be customized and started with the employer units as subjects， and the government special funds will be set up for science and technology innovation fund to provide suitable proportion with the amount mounting up to 10 million RMB. The science and technology enterprises founded by introduced talents shall be included in the list of government equity investment funds candidates. Development funds will be set up for human resource service industry to encourage the thirdparty professional institutions to participate in introducing talents and award is granted according to their performance.

30. Improving the supporting system for introducing talents. Spare authorized positions of the public institution shall be set aside. The organizational affi liation and the formalities of introduced high-level and badly-needed talents will be perfected according to the do-itwhenever-they-arrive principle. The introduced high-level talents will be provided with medical convenience； moreover， the spouse and children shall migrate with the transfer of the introduced talents； the spouse shall be assisted in job arrangement and the children enjoy the priority in attending school. A batch of international hospitals， schools and internalized shopping malls will be constructed and one-stop public service platforms will be set up to provide high-quality service for the introduced oversea high-level talents and the foreigners in Chongqing. The foreign high-level talents meeting the requirements will be granted with work permit， talent “green card”， passports， residence and other convenience. We will also strive for developing technological immigrants， supporting the foreign high-level talents with foreign permanent resident permit to establish science and technology enterprises and other innovation activities in accordance with relevant national policies.

31. Optimizing the modes of cultivating innovative talents. We will actively explore the new mode of cultivating graduate students with academic degree by virtue of combining science and education，expand the enrollment proportion of graduate students with the following academic degrees， such as science， technology and engineering and so on， improve the cultivation quality of graduates and meet the requirement of innovative economy development. We will urge the cooperation between universities and enterprises， as well as the establishment of innovative practice bases， and encourage the students to participate in all kinds of innovation and venture contests. We will channel great energy into implementing supportive programs for postdoctoral innovative talents and international culture exchange programs for China （Chongqing）and Singapore postdoctoral fellows， and formulating supportive policies for the innovation and entrepreneurship activities of the postdoctoral fellows staying in Chongqing. We will vigorously develop reform trials of “the connection and joint of double cards”，namely the vocational qualifi cation certifi cate and the vocational education qualification， explore the modern apprenticeship and perfect the system of cultivating vocational education talents. We will push forward the transformation of some ordinary municipal undergraduate colleges into applied technological colleges，encourage the higher vocational colleges and polytechnics to carry out university-enterprise joint admissions and joint training pilots in order to cultivate a large number of high-quality and practical technical talents. We will increasingly advance the cultivation of youth science and technology talents， establish and improve the general supporting measures for young talents. Reform will be carried out in the cultivation modes of basic education， and trials of exploratory， heuristic and research teaching methods will be developed to cultivate students' innovative thinking.

32. Supporting enterprises to construct innovative talent teams. We will strengthen the efforts to implement plans like “specialized supporting project”， and develop a group of leading talents of innovation and entrepreneurship. We will encourage enterprises to create human resource base including national-level skill master， municipal-level skill experts and enterprise chief experts，build work centers for academicians and experts， and provide them with necessary research conditions. We will perfect the system for skilled leaders， such as enterprise leading experts，chief technicians and distinguished technicians. We will expand the scope of enterprise scientific research stations for post doctorates， encouraging some enterprises to independently apply for recruiting postdoctoral researchers. We will also encourage large-size backbone enterprises to draw international experience，build assessment mechanism matching with innovative resources，and support technology talents to work on related matters and research exploratory business on the basis of researching core business. In addition， we will encourage enterprises to cultivate practical talents engaged in operating， maintaining and examining high-tech equipment. We will pay attention to bringing in and cultivating senior technicians and masters.

33. Smoothing double-way talent flow channels. We will reformthe salary， title and position management system for technicians，perfect social security relationship transfer policy， and promote the reasonable fl owing of talents between public institutions and enterprises. We will create a fl ow system for “double-professionaltitle teachers”， support industrial engineers to take part-time job as teachers and teachers as engineers. We will experiment on the system in which the working experience in enterprises is required as a necessary condition to apply for positions in higher education institutions. We will select some scientific research institutions and higher education institutions to conduct the “double-liability”trial reform of scientifi c and technological innovation for leaders. It allows leaders to be engaged in technological research and development， product development， technological consulting and technical services which are able to be transformed into achievements and get paid on the premise that they fi nish their own work. We will encourage them to start or incubate， either by themselves or with their team members， tech-oriented enterprises and get their lawful dividends or salary. What's more， we will encourage these “double-liability” leaders to leave their post，transform their scientific and technological achievements， and start or lead their teams to start tech-oriented enterprises.

34. Cultivating innovative entrepreneurs. We will implement an innovative entrepreneurship project， making great efforts to cultivate outstanding leaders and top managers from private enterprises. We will support entrepreneurs' decision in leading innovation activities and protecting their legal property right and innovative income. We will establish both performance archives for entrepreneurs and human resources database. We will build a professional managers system combining enterprise's cultivation and market-oriented hiring and set up a market platform connecting professional managers and enterprises， helping the fi ttest to survive and fl ow in a reasonable way. We will also make great efforts to improve the incentive measures for the managerial and administrative personnel in state-owned enterprises.

VIII. Strengthening the Supportive Function of Finance in Innovation

35. Expanding venture capital investment. We will carry out the investment-doubling program， make full use of government's guiding fund， draw up some preferential policies sharing profits and bonus， lever more social capital to join in angel investment and venture capital investment， attract some outstanding venture investment management team with strong industrial and technical background to establish their sub-funds and guide them to start their subsidiaries in Chongqing. We will try hard to get financial support from guiding funds of emerging industries and insurance funds， and establish a batch of new strategic venture capital funds with a certain percentage of municipal guiding funds. We will actively introduce venture capital funds with foreign shareholders， implement the national supportive policies to all kinds of innovative investment activities， adjust the restrictions for venture capital enterprises to high-tech companies， and allow partners of venture capital investment Co.， Ltd to enjoy the preferential policy of investment tax credit.

36. Supporting financial institutions to innovate their service modes. We will explore to set up some new fi nancial institutions，such as sci-tech innovative banks and high-tech ventures security companies， encourage development financial institutions and commercial banks to start their branches and specialized institutions in industrial parks and science parks，conduct specialized client-access， credit approval and venture management and provide professional financial services to scientifi c and technological enterprises. We will encourage banks to conduct differentiated credit management， and loosen the credit restrictions for all the middle， small and micro businesses. Some financial innovative services like mortgage financing，credit loans， scientifi c and technological insurance etc. by using their intellectual properties as mortgage are supported. We will encourage and guide banking institutions， small finance corporations and venture capital funds， equity groups or insurance institutions， realizing a combination of investment， loans and insurance， to provide financial services to the enterprises. Government will carry out differentiated fiscal stimulus policies by founding risk compensation funds and supporting fi nance and taxation policy for various fi nancial institutions serving to fi nancing and guarantee for those middle， small and micro businesses.

37. Using capital market to support technological innovation. We will establish a listed back-up resource base for scientific and technological enterprises， and guide the companies to develop their roadmap going public. We will encourage acquisition and reorganization among those scientific and technological enterprises and public companies. We will encourage Chongqing Share Transfer Center （OTC） to start technological innovation board market， provide technological enterprises with services concerning listing display， fi nancing roadshow and capital tutoring，support share transferring of private equity fund and make exiting investment available. We will promote some new high-techenterprises to conduct equity financing on major board market，growth enterprise market （GEM）， foreign capital market and expand direct fi nancing channels for scientifi c and technological enterprises. We should give priority to supporting the qualified technological enterprises to issue corporate bonds and income bonds， finance capital for research and development， and experiment on equity crowd-funding and fi nancing.

IX. Creating Favorable Ecology for Innovation

38. Deepening the reform of scientific research management system. Making “streamlining administration， delegating more powers to reduce entry barriers， and promoting effective services to create a convenient environment” as the key point of the reform， we will abolish all the rules and regulations hindering innovative activities in the process of research management，solve prominent problems therein， and give more freedom to research institutions and personnel. We will further improve the fl exible and effi cient management system of scientifi c research，enabling the market to play its guiding role in technological research and helping the innovative subjects to obtain more rights in decision making. Sci-tech administrative departments should quicken the change of managing methods， strengthen strategic research， plan-making， supervision， administration and coordination， and entrust specifi c items to specialized third party. We will perfect the managing methods of scientifi c research funds，streamline budgeting and delegate budget-adjusting powers to effectively allocate and make use of the funds. We will reform and improve the evaluation mechanism of scientific achievements. In the future， evaluation will be made by entrusted professional evaluation organizations instead of sci-tech administrative departments. We will also reform and improve sci-tech rewarding system so that more attention can be paid to innovative quality and the benefits it produces， enhancing the guiding role of the rewarding system. We will improve the managing system of scientifi c and technical personnel and build a generous， smooth and convenient channel for their external exchange. We will accelerate the opening and sharing of major scientifi c research installations and public service platforms to improve the effi ciency of high-tech resources.

39. Strengthening the guiding role of competition and industrial policies in innovation. We will deepen the reform in commercial systems， promote the unity of various certificates and facilitate commercial registration for start-up companies. In terms of industry entrance， we will implement the negative list system， keep renewing the forbidden list of related industries， and remove all the unreasonable entrance barriers restraining the development of new techniques， new products and new business models. We will strengthen the guiding and supervising role of industrial and technical policies， specifying and gradually improving the indexes and relevant standards concerning production and market entrance， such as protection of environment， conservation of energy， land， water and materials， quality and safety. And we will formulate a mechanism where the prices are decided by market，promoting enterprises to change from their reliance on excessive consumption of resources & energy and low cost to that on innovation and differentiated competition.

40. Strictly protecting intellectual property rights （IPR）. We will improve laws and regulations on the protection of intellectual property rights. In respect to important scientifi c and technological achievements， we will establish a protection list for important IPR items and enhance punishment on IPR infringement. We will improve the connecting mechanism of IPR administrative and juridical protection， promote the unity of civil， administrative and criminal trials and advance the construction of IPR court in Liangjiang New District. We will improve the investigation and punishing system of IPR infringement， and explore the implementation of before-the-appeal evidence preservation and punitive compensation system. We will reinforce comprehensive administrative law enforcement of intellectual property， establish and improve prompt right-safeguarding mechanism and multi-side dispute solution mechanism. Non-governmental assistance and self regulation will be strengthened in IPR protection to minimize corresponding risks. What's more， we will optimize the supporting policies for patent application， improve the efficiency in patent approval and ensure that all important inventions and patents of great value can enter the market within a year.

41. Improving information infrastructure that supports innovation. We will promote in a comprehensive way the upgrading of telecommunication facilities and corridors， build information highways， upgrade the exit bandwidth of main internet connection points to more than 20T， and ensure network delay， packet loss rate and other major technical indicators to reach advanced world level when Chongqing is communicating with the major cities at home and abroad. We will speed up the construction of international data channels between China and Singapore， and enhance the development of wireless network， making sure that high-speed wireless network is accessible to 80 percent of the city populated areas. Meanwhile， we will build a data resourceintegrating platform in Chongqing to advance the integration，opening， development and utilization of data resources. We willset up new innovation driven incubation data base， guide science parks to provide a data service supporting platform for enterprise innovation， upgrade our ability to promote innovation with the help of data， and further enhance the development of big-data industry.

42. Improving the law systems related to innovation. We will make and timely revise the related local laws and regulations of sci-tech innovation， comprehensively disclose relevant policies，and help the main market body to make full and good use of the policies. We will improve the credit management methods of scientifi c research， establish credit archives of scientifi c research and blacklisting system， guide the scientific and technical personnel to follow the scientifi c and academic ethics， and set up a disciplinary system for research misconducts. We will speed up making and implementing protection policy for the scientifi c and technical personnel's innovation achievements， protect their legal rights， and pay full respect to their achievements.

43. Fostering a social atmosphere that encourages innovation. We will vigorously promote innovative spirit of scientific and technological personnel， entrepreneurial spirit and craftsmanship，increase the rewarding proportion of scientifi c and technological personnel to form a cultural environment that respects human resources， encourages innovation and tolerates failure. We will establish a sound fault-tolerant and error-correcting system；for those who fail to reach the expected goal but work hard in innovation， we will not make any negative comments and the results will not infl uence the evaluation of their performance or their promotions； the related liability of institutions and individuals can be exonerated on the condition that their innovation initiatives， in accordance with the major state policies with a right guiding theory and proper working procedures， are in conflict with the current policies without any serious negative effects afterwards. The innovative explorations against policies or having negative effects should be timely stopped and corrected. Those who resist， obstruct and delay reform and innovation and cause serious problems will be investigated and punished. We will improve rapid verifi cation system of letter-inquiring-and-accusing，confi rm the false reporting in time and prove innocence of related personnel to foster a good innovative environment.

X. Reinforcing Implementation

44. Enhancing organization， leadership and coordination. We should strengthen CPC's leadership in science and technology. The leaders at different levels should be conscious that science and technology is the “first impetus” and the “No.1 productive force”， and they should prioritize the development of science and technology in their work. We will make the most of joint meeting mechanism of innovation-driven development， enhancing crosssector and interdisciplinary communication. A strict responsibility system from top to bottom will be built to conduct detailed supervision， strict evaluation and the implementation of related policies. We will perfect and improve statistical monitoring mechanism of scientific and technological innovation and bring all the scientific and technological innovation indicators such as research and development intensity， income ratio of new products， amount of invention patent， contribution rate of scientific and technological progress and the proportion of citizens with high scientific quality， into economic development index system. We will publish scientific and technological innovation index of Chongqing and scientifically evaluate the current innovation development. What's more， the assessing mechanism guided by new development concept will be further improved and the proportion of innovation-driven development will be also increased.

45. Forming a strong force that promotes innovation-driven development. The departments at all levels in the whole city should put into high agenda the implementation of innovationdriven development strategy， performing their own duties and cooperating with each other to give full play to the overall effect. The different departments and offices should enhance coordination， make clear their duties and measures， and fulfill their responsibility. Based on their current situations， all the counties and districts should make corresponding implementation measures and ensure that they work in coordination. The scientific associations and organizations at all levels should do their best to unite scientific and technological personnel to advance innovation development. Various industry associations，foundations， scientifi c and technical groups should give full play of their role in promoting innovation-driven development. We will firmly implement “people's scientific quality improving project”，intensify scientifi c education， popularize science and technology among the average people， and strive to form a pattern of mass entrepreneurship and innovation.

（From Chongqing Daily, September 8， 2016）