張家港第一人民醫(yī)院，江蘇，中國(guó)

張家港第一人民醫(yī)院，江蘇，中國(guó)

1.2 外景/Exterior views

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 孟建民，邢立華，楊旭，馮志勇，侯軍/MENG Jianmin， XING Lihua， YANG Xu， FENG Zhiyong， HOU Jun

用地面積/Site Area: 112，000m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 126，000m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Time: 2003

張家港市第一人民醫(yī)院的設(shè)計(jì)是2003年一次設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽的勝出作品。該醫(yī)院選址于張家港市西北部的開發(fā)區(qū)內(nèi)，是張家港市政府建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)工程項(xiàng)目?；刂苓叧闵⒕幼^(qū)尚未開發(fā)外，幾乎沒有更多的城市因素影響該項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)。其設(shè)計(jì)由于自身獨(dú)特的完整形態(tài)及引入現(xiàn)代化的“醫(yī)院城”概念而顯得與眾不同。方案最大的特色是在整體結(jié)構(gòu)上設(shè)計(jì)了“醫(yī)院街”——一個(gè)貫穿醫(yī)院建筑的公共體系，將門診、急診、醫(yī)技、住院、會(huì)議、行政辦公、科學(xué)研究、教學(xué)培訓(xùn)、后勤服務(wù)等綜合功能有機(jī)組合在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的“圓形”建筑內(nèi)，為所有人創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)生動(dòng)的景觀空間。

住院大樓位于建筑北部，為17層弧形板式建筑，每層2個(gè)護(hù)理單元，共設(shè)有1000張床位。門診、急診、醫(yī)技、行政辦公與科研教育用房共同組成裙房。“醫(yī)院街”是整體建筑空間邏輯的主級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，各功能區(qū)通過“街”來(lái)組織，暗示了醫(yī)院內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系；在各醫(yī)療單元之間則引入形式豐富的庭院，提供通風(fēng)與采光，大量的綠色植物為病人、來(lái)訪者和醫(yī)院的員工創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)舒適的就醫(yī)和工作環(huán)境。

門診、急診、出住院、行政辦公、來(lái)訪、會(huì)議分別有獨(dú)立的出入口。兒科、120急救中心、輸液區(qū)、影像中心設(shè)置在一層。造型呈“蛋”狀的400人學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告廳為獨(dú)立的單體建筑，結(jié)合淺水池構(gòu)成浮在水面的殼體建筑，與門診主入口、“醫(yī)院街”入口一起形成獨(dú)特的入口形象。功能檢查、中心實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)、門診藥房、腔鏡中心圍繞著公共空間設(shè)置在二層。門診大廳是一個(gè)4層高的陽(yáng)光大廳，與“醫(yī)院街”相對(duì)獨(dú)立又緊密聯(lián)系，成為組織患者就診的重要空間。候診廳面對(duì)著一個(gè)有綠化的院子，患者在各醫(yī)療單元均有獨(dú)立的病患通道，同時(shí)在各醫(yī)療單元遠(yuǎn)離“街”的盡端，設(shè)計(jì)了醫(yī)護(hù)人員專用的公共交通體系及獨(dú)立的醫(yī)輔用房。三層手術(shù)部設(shè)有16間手術(shù)室，與重癥監(jiān)護(hù)ICU通過清潔廊便捷聯(lián)系，病理檢驗(yàn)與手術(shù)部共同圍繞著一個(gè)空中庭園。四層設(shè)計(jì)了網(wǎng)架體系，形成生態(tài)化的屋頂花園，有效減少“熱島效應(yīng)”，為住院人員提供安靜的活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地。整個(gè)建筑設(shè)置局部地下室，以提供大樓的動(dòng)力設(shè)備機(jī)房、營(yíng)養(yǎng)廚房、中心消毒供應(yīng)室、污物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)及大型地下停車場(chǎng)。

3 外景/Exterior view

4 總平面/Site plan

5 地下一層平面/Floor B1 plan

The design of Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital is the winning entry of a design competition held in 2003. The hospital is located at the development zone in the north-west part of the city， and is one of the key architecture projects by the municipal government of ZhangJiagang. The site area is barely developed except for a few scattered living quarters. Therefore， hardly any urban factors pose hindrances to the planning and design of the project. The design distinguishes itself from other healthcare facilities for its unique wholeness and its introduction of the modern concept of "Healthcare Promenade": a public system which integrates the clinics，emergency rooms， technical department， inpatient department，conference rooms， administrative offices， scientific research labs， training center， facility management and maintenance in a compact， circular structure， and creates an interactive and harmonious space for all visitors.

The inpatient building is situated at the north of the Promenade. It is an arc-shaped seventeen-story building with two nursing units on each floor and has a capacity of 1000 beds. The clinics， emergency rooms， technical department，administrative office， the scientific research laboratory and training center together make up the podium. Te Promenade acts as a datum， organizing all programs spatially around it to indicate the internal organizational logic of the hospital. A wide variety of courtyards is introduced between medical units for ventilation and natural daylighting while the greenery creates a comfortable environment for patients， visitors and stafs alike.

The outpatient clinic， emergency rooms， admission ofces， conference rooms and visitors lobby have independent entrances and exits. Te pediatrics， Medical Emergency Center，infusion area， and media center are on the frst foor. Te eggshaped lecture hall， seemingly foating on a basin， is designed and placed on the axis of the Promenade. It connects the main entrance with the outpatient department visually and creates a unique image for the Promenade entrance. Te function test unit， central laboratory units， the outpatient pharmacy and endoscopic center are placed and arranged around a public space on the second floor. The outpatient hall， a four-story building which is relatively independent yet closely connected with the entrance of the Healthcare Promenade， is an important space for assigning patients to diferent medical branches. Te waiting area faces a courtyard. Te design creates independent hallways for patients' circulation to each medical unit； while dedicated corridors and separated preparation cells for medical stafs are located on the other side of each unit away from the main Promenade. Te Surgery Department on the third foor has 16 operation rooms and is conveniently connected with the intensive care unit by an aseptic corridor. Te two departments are arranged in a circular manner forming a courtyard on the third floor. With the wire framing system， the fourth floor is designed as an ecological roof garden to efectively mitigate the heat island efect while providing a quiet venue for inpatients. Finally， the basement is designed and equipped with a mechanic room， a nutrition kitchen， a sterilization center， medical waste transit and a large underground parking lot.

6 外景/Exterior view

7 首層平面/Floor 1 plan

8 二層平面/Floor 2 plan

9 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評(píng)論

張萬(wàn)桑：孟建民先生于2003年設(shè)計(jì)、2007年7月竣工的張家港市第一人民醫(yī)院，通過將簡(jiǎn)潔的“圓”與“井”這兩個(gè)圖層疊加所產(chǎn)生的形式張力引導(dǎo)出醫(yī)院功能的各項(xiàng)秩序。令人聯(lián)想到1980年代末期MoMA解構(gòu)主義諸大師對(duì)各圖層純粹功能及形式獨(dú)立性，及其相互作用衍生出無(wú)窮深入空間可能性的探索。從柏拉圖到蒙德里安，從密斯到庫(kù)哈斯、屈米，對(duì)抽象幾何與功能間可能達(dá)成的對(duì)話與妥協(xié)從未停止。

屹立于21世紀(jì)初期高速發(fā)展與混亂并存的中國(guó)的這座醫(yī)院以其孤島般的內(nèi)斂氣質(zhì)，帶給使用者平和安寧的心境。每項(xiàng)功能元素自身被賦予清晰的可讀性，又被約束在一個(gè)圓形邊界內(nèi)井形切割出的嚴(yán)整秩序之中。圓形的邊界控制讓建筑的各方向均具有等時(shí)的可達(dá)性；圓形邊界的開放性又使得從外部各個(gè)方向到來(lái)的人們具備了平等的可達(dá)性。

長(zhǎng)方形邊界的內(nèi)庭院為醫(yī)院各處帶來(lái)風(fēng)、光和寧?kù)o的花園，讓人想起古老中國(guó)的庭院；而外圍高聳的環(huán)形柱廊在體現(xiàn)出西醫(yī)醫(yī)院身份的同時(shí)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了醫(yī)院作為公民公共活動(dòng)空間的場(chǎng)所特征。這些被“切除”的負(fù)空間也為日后生長(zhǎng)為建筑的正空間留有余地， 在那個(gè)時(shí)期已經(jīng)具備了場(chǎng)景導(dǎo)向設(shè)計(jì)的端倪。

可能眾多使用者在此感受到對(duì)醫(yī)療行為的尊重和信仰，感受到這座醫(yī)院如同一個(gè)醫(yī)療關(guān)懷的圣殿；然而我，看到的卻是一位建筑師對(duì)一座醫(yī)療綜合體理想模型的探索和追求，以及這種模式對(duì)未來(lái)醫(yī)院設(shè)計(jì)的啟發(fā)。

Comments

Vincent Zhengmao Zhang: Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital， designed by MENG Jianmin in 2003 and completed in 2007， is functionally organized by a formal combination of two simple shapes， a circle and a water-well shape. It reminds us of the exploration of the pure function and independence of forms， as well as the spatial possibilities derived from their interactions， by those MoMA deconstruction masters in 1980s. From Plato to Mondrian， from Mies to Koolhass and Tschumi， we can see that the conversation and compromises between abstract form and function have never come to an end.

In the early 21st century， with a lot of chaos in the fast developing China， the hospital stands out as a lonely island with its conservative manner， providing a peaceful atmosphere for its users. Each functional element is given a clear readability while they are confined within a circular boundary， which helps to maintain the orderliness as a whole. Te control of the circular boundary enables equal accessibility towards every direction of the building； moreover， the openness of the circular boundary makes democratic access for people coming from diferent directions.

The rectangular inner courtyard brings fresh air and light as well as tranquil gardens to every corner of the hospital， which calls to mind the traditional Chinese courtyard； the tall ring colonnade at the periphery implies the identity of a western hospital while the public character of the place is further emphasized through it. These "subtracted" negative spaces also provide room for the positive space to build， which is an early sign of scenario-oriented design method.

For most users， they might gain respect and faith for medical treatment since this hospital serves as a sanctuary of medical care； for me， however， I see an architect's exploration and pursuit of an ideal model for medical complexes and its enlightenment to the future model of hospitals. （Translated by QI Yiyi）

周穎：現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院既要反映醫(yī)療技術(shù)的快速進(jìn)步，也是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與地域文化的集中體現(xiàn)。因此，醫(yī)院建筑設(shè)計(jì)的中心課題可以概括為在經(jīng)濟(jì)許可的范圍內(nèi)對(duì)醫(yī)療效率與人文關(guān)懷兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行充分調(diào)和，以迎合患者、醫(yī)護(hù)人員以及醫(yī)院管理者等各方的不同訴求。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)醫(yī)院建筑的特點(diǎn)是規(guī)模大小和功能復(fù)雜度等方面均大大超過了以往，因而簡(jiǎn)單套用傳統(tǒng)的做法或國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn)均不足取，建筑師必須在設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐中探索適合國(guó)情的新途徑。在近年來(lái)涌現(xiàn)出的眾多作品中，孟建民院士主持設(shè)計(jì)的張家港第一人民醫(yī)院是一個(gè)非常成功的范例。

該醫(yī)院的設(shè)計(jì)充分貫徹了孟院士提出的“醫(yī)院城”的理念。其中最顯著的特色是通過一條貫穿醫(yī)院整體的醫(yī)院街，將門診、急診、醫(yī)技、住院、行政管理、會(huì)議、科學(xué)研究、教學(xué)培訓(xùn)、后勤服務(wù)等部門有機(jī)組合在一起。建筑造型簡(jiǎn)潔美觀。醫(yī)院整體布局合理、結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，各類流線便捷而互不干擾，各功能區(qū)域既相對(duì)獨(dú)立又緊密聯(lián)系，并在功能區(qū)域內(nèi)部充分實(shí)現(xiàn)了醫(yī)患分離與潔污分流。在情感空間的營(yíng)造方面，室內(nèi)的醫(yī)院街與室外的景觀水池、廊柱等元素巧妙地融合在一起，在醫(yī)療單元之間則設(shè)計(jì)了形式豐富的庭院，為患者和醫(yī)護(hù)人員創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)溫馨舒適而又充滿情趣的就醫(yī)與工作環(huán)境。上述設(shè)計(jì)手法，均體現(xiàn)了建筑師獨(dú)具的匠心和深厚的功力。

值得一提的是，該醫(yī)院建成于十多年前，在這段期間，我國(guó)醫(yī)院建筑設(shè)計(jì)的理論和實(shí)踐均有很大的提高與發(fā)展。但張家港第一人民醫(yī)院的設(shè)計(jì)理念與手法并沒有過時(shí)，而是充分經(jīng)受住了時(shí)代的考驗(yàn)，非常值得我國(guó)廣大從事醫(yī)療建筑設(shè)計(jì)的建筑師與研究人員學(xué)習(xí)借鑒。

10 內(nèi)景/Interior view

11 三層平面/Floor 3 plan

12 四層平面/Floor 4 plan

ZHOU Ying: Contemporary hospital architecture should not only refect the fast development of medical technology，but also be the embodiment of social economy and local culture. Therefore， the key to hospital architectural design could be summarized as: in order to cater the needs of diferent groups such as patients， medical staf and hospital administrators， it should strike a balance between medical efciency and humanistic care within the tolerable scope of economy. At present， the main feature of Chinese medical architecture is that the scale and functional complexity go far beyond those in the past. So instead of simply applying traditional practice or foreign experience， architects should explore new ways suitable for China in the course of their design practice. Among the countless projects appeared these years， Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital designed by Academician MENG Jianmin is a very successful case.

The hospital design fully reflects the "hospital town" concept proposed by MENG， of which the most striking feature is that the main hospital Promenade runs throughout the town. It organically links the following departments: outpatient， emergency， medical technology， in-patient，administration management， conference， scientifc research，teaching and training， and logistic services. The exterior form of the building looks simple and beautiful. Te overall layout is quite reasonable and the structure is pretty concise. So various circulations do not interfere with each other and different functional zones are relatively independent while intensely connected. Also， the doctor-patient separation and the separation between the clean and the polluted are achieved within each functional zones. As for the aspect of emotional space creation， the interior promenade combines ingeniously with the exterior elements such as the landscape pool and corridor columns. Between those medical units，a variety of courtyards are designed to provide a sweet，comfortable and interesting working atmosphere for the patients and medical staff. The above design methods fully show the designer's originality and profound skills.

It is worth mentioning that although the theory and practice of hospital architectural design has improved and developed a lot in the past decade， Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital， which was completed more than ten years ago， is not outdated. It has successfully withstood the test of time. Tus， for our architects and researchers who practice on hospital architecture design， it is worthwhile to learn from it.（Translated by QI Yiyi）

Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital， Jiangsu， China， 2007