松風(fēng)翠茶籽油工廠，婺源，江西，中國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：暢想建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

Architects: Imagine Architects

松風(fēng)翠茶籽油工廠，婺源，江西，中國(guó)

Song Feng Cui Tea-seed Oil Plant， Wuyuan， Jiangxi， China， 2014

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：暢想建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所

Architects: Imagine Architects

背景與題解

松風(fēng)翠有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司位于婺源縣江灣鎮(zhèn)中平村。婺源為古徽州六縣之一。作為生態(tài)扶貧互助項(xiàng)目，公司采用“訂單+農(nóng)戶”模式；原材料收購(gòu)自周圍深山數(shù)個(gè)小村莊，既幫助農(nóng)戶脫貧，又形成山林循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。項(xiàng)目存在雙重限定：（1）廠內(nèi)限定，即它必須滿足生產(chǎn)工藝要求； （2）場(chǎng)外限定，建筑必須對(duì)所處場(chǎng)地的自然環(huán)境和歷史人文環(huán)境做出善意的回應(yīng)。

問(wèn)題與對(duì)策

基地是沿河展開(kāi)的一個(gè)狹長(zhǎng)形，受工藝流程和地形的雙重限制，廠房也只能是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)條形。在不影響工藝流程和滿足設(shè)備凈高的前提下，我們把約長(zhǎng)160m，寬13m的廠房折成一個(gè)類“Z”字型。屋頂采用對(duì)角線式雙坡頂，最高處10m，最低處5m，以降低建筑體量對(duì)環(huán)境的壓迫感。

結(jié)構(gòu)與材料

建筑材料以舊青磚、舊瓦、舊門板為主。舊磚主要有三大作用即墻體自承重、空間圍護(hù)和保溫隔熱。舊門板主要用在天棚吊頂、夾層墻身處。舊瓦主要功能是保溫隔熱而非防水，同時(shí)也是新老建筑間的視覺(jué)聯(lián)系。

色彩與視覺(jué)

除生產(chǎn)工藝要求以外，內(nèi)外主墻面均為清水磚墻，木板均為原色。大部分舊磚與門板均留有時(shí)間積淀形成的表面痕跡，個(gè)別門板上的門神或祥瑞還依然可見(jiàn)，殊為難得，整個(gè)建筑內(nèi)外呈現(xiàn)出豐富的細(xì)部質(zhì)感。建筑檐口均為斜面，磚墻檐口封頂時(shí)采用和墻身相同砌法，順勢(shì)作鋸齒狀退臺(tái)處理的同時(shí)也取得了另類視覺(jué)效果，我們稱之“像素檐口”。

生態(tài)與環(huán)保

舊建材本身很便宜，但收集處理翻新需要耗費(fèi)不菲的人工。因此使用舊建材造價(jià)不比新建材合算，但就整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的自然生態(tài)價(jià)值，社會(huì)人文價(jià)值而言是合理的。目前只能靠業(yè)主和設(shè)計(jì)者的自覺(jué)，而這是不可推廣和不可持續(xù)的，必須有國(guó)家和地方法規(guī)政策稅收等的支持。

1　菜籽油廠入口/Entrance to the oil plant2　工廠西側(cè)外景/West-side view of the plant3　總平面/Site plan4　油廠內(nèi)的展示廳/Exhibition hall in the oil plant5　雅舍內(nèi)景/Interior view of cottage

Background and Analysis

Song Feng Cui Organic Agriculture Development Co.， Ltd. is located in Zhongping Village， Jiangwan Town， Wuyuan County. Wuyuan is one of the six ancient Huizhou Counties. As an eco-poverty assistance projects， the plant is using an "order + farmer" mode； the materials of teaseed oil plant comes from several villages around mountains， not far away from the plant. By doing this， we are not only helping these villages out of poverty but also creating a circular economy around these mountains. There are dual restrictions in this project. One is the limitation of plant interior spaces. It must meet the requirements of the production process. The other one is the outside environment. The building should make a positive response to the natural environment and historical humanity environment where it is located.

Problems and Solutions

Our site is a long and narrow plot， expanding along the river. Because of the dual restrictions from production process and the terrain， the plant building can only be a strip form. In order to reduce the pressure to the environment from the building size， the 160m long， 13m wide building is folded into a "Z" shape. And the roof top is using a diagonal double crest style； the height of the roof top comes from 10m to 5m.

Structures and Materials

Building materials are mainly old bricks， old tiles and old door sheets. Bricks are used in three major ways， self-supporting， space-retaining and insulation. Door sheets are mainly used as ceilings and mezzanine malls. Tiles are used for insulation

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 松風(fēng)翠有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司/Song Feng Cui Organic Agriculture Development Co.， Ltd.

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 羅四維，盧珊，周偉，張俊，楊燕/LUO Siwei， LU Shan， ZHOU Wei， ZHANG Jun， YANG Yan

建設(shè)單位/Construction Team: 徽.印象古建筑公司/Hui. Impression Ancient Building Company

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 食用油廠/Cooking oil plant

建筑面積/Floor Area:

茶油廠/Tea-seed oil plant: 3018m2，廊橋/Covered bridge: 195m2，雅舍/Cottage: 866m2

磚材類型/Brick Type: 再利用舊磚/Re-used old brick

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2012.03 – 2013.03

建造周期/Construction Period: 2013.03 – 2014.12

攝影/Photos: 曾江河/ZENG Jiangheinstead of water proofing， which is also the visual link between the old and new buildings.

Color and Visual

The bricks and wood sheets used for both outside and inside walls are without any paints. Except for some place that under the requirement of production requirement， we apply the white wall. Most of the old bricksand wood sheets are keeping the surface traces which were formed by time that present a wealth of detail to the whole building. Building cornices are beveled. The cornices ceiling is using the same method with the building walls. And the end of cornices which we called "pixel cornice." is using jagged back channel processing. It presents an alternative visual effect to the public.

Ecology and Environmental Protection

The price of the old building material we used is cheap， but it costs a lot of money in collection and refurbishing. Therefore it is not cheaper than using new materials， but it is worth to do it after thinking about the ecological and the comprehensive social value. Currently in China， we could only use it by the owners and designers' consciousness. However，it is hard to promotion and sustainable only by the consciousness. We still need the supports from government or local regulations and policies.

6　鳥(niǎo)瞰廊橋與工廠/Aerial view of the covered bridge and the oil plant7　廊橋的東、西立面和剖面/East elevation， west elevations and section， the covered bridge8　油廠內(nèi)的走廊/Corridor inside the oil plant9　雅舍內(nèi)的走廊/Corridor inside the cottage10　雅舍外景/Exterior view of the cottage

評(píng)論

范路：位于婺源中平村的松風(fēng)翠茶籽油工廠，也可看作是當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€(gè)展示中心。在長(zhǎng)條形的建筑體量中，生產(chǎn)流程順暢展開(kāi)。參觀走廊平行于工藝流程，并連接到成品展示區(qū)，這讓茶籽油生產(chǎn)全過(guò)程成為最鮮活的產(chǎn)業(yè)展示。同時(shí)，參觀走廊還是一個(gè)欣賞四周鄉(xiāng)村美景的游廊，并讓建筑西立面獲得了自由的開(kāi)窗方式。在建構(gòu)層面，廠房以鋼筋混凝土為框架結(jié)構(gòu)，以舊磚瓦、舊門板為填充和飾面。這就以現(xiàn)代的空間和建造邏輯，展示了傳統(tǒng)建材的豐富質(zhì)感。從外部看來(lái)，廠房的“Z”字型和雙坡頂形體處理，順應(yīng)了場(chǎng)地四周的山形水勢(shì)。而廠房連同廊橋和雅舍的整體設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境的展示。

青鋒：起伏的體量將山勢(shì)延伸到河邊，鮮黃的油菜花與舊磚斑駁的灰色形成強(qiáng)烈的反差，這是這個(gè)建筑給人印象最深刻的地方。使用當(dāng)?shù)夭牧吓c建筑原型是成熟的地域主義手段，但這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的獨(dú)特之處在于建筑師將這些“文化”手段用在了工廠的設(shè)計(jì)里。這讓人想起20世紀(jì)初期，當(dāng)工業(yè)建筑還是現(xiàn)代建筑最重要的實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)所的時(shí)代，磚曾經(jīng)是帕爾齊希與門德?tīng)査勺钣辛Φ谋憩F(xiàn)材料。但是在那以后，工業(yè)建筑逐漸流入技術(shù)專家與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化廠房設(shè)計(jì)的控制中，生產(chǎn)變成一個(gè)冰冷、無(wú)趣的概念。松風(fēng)翠的建筑師提醒我們，即使在這樣一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期被忽視的領(lǐng)域，一個(gè)熱情的建筑師能夠帶來(lái)多么顯著的改變。就像建筑師所呼吁的，我們需要將這個(gè)訊息傳達(dá)給所有人。

Comments

FAN Lu: Located in Wuyuan， Jiangxi Province， the Song Feng Cui tee-seed oil plant could also be viewed as a local exhibition center. A long corridor fits in the strip form of the plant building that serves as a gallery. Visitors that walk into the building can have a complete view of the production process on one side and have a moving image of rural landscape on the other side. It also provides an independent window order in west facade. In tectonic design， the reinforced concrete framework is cladded with old bricks and tiles and wooden door sheets， which presents the richness of traditional materials in modern space. From the outside， the Z-shaped building with double crest roof style responds to the surround environment very well. In addition， the overall design for the plant， the lounge bridge and the hotel promotes the exhibit of the rural environment further.

QING Feng: This undulating building gives the impression of being an extension of the mountain behind it， reaching out towards the riverside， while the gray color of the mottled， ancient-looking bricks of the building stand in sharp contrast to the bright yellow color of Canola flowers. This has been considered as the most impressive feature of this structure. The usage of local materials and employment of regional architecture archetype can be regarded as a mature，regionalist architectural method. As a unique example of this case， the architect employs these "culturalized" methods into the design of a plant. It recalls the beginning of the 20th century， a period where industrial architecture was the most important outlet for developingmodern architecture. At the time，bricks were a powerful and expressive material for those such as Hans Poelzig and Fredrick Mendelssohn. However， over the past several decades， industrial architecture has gradually come under the influence of technicians， and standardized plant designs has become common. Production turned into a cold and boring concept. The architect of Song Feng Cui has reminded us that the work of a passionate architect，even located in a long-neglected area， can bring about significant change. This is a message which should be conveyed to all.