大獎及城市填充獎：1014住宅，巴塞羅那，西班牙

建筑設(shè)計：H 建筑師事務(wù)所

Architects: HARQUITECTES

大獎及城市填充獎：1014住宅，巴塞羅那，西班牙

Grand Prize Winner and Category Winner in Urban Infill: House 1014， Barcelona，Spain， 2014

建筑設(shè)計：H 建筑師事務(wù)所

Architects: HARQUITECTES

這座住宅所在的地塊位于格拉諾列爾斯的城市歷史中心，隔墻分割的連續(xù)住宅構(gòu)成了其周圍的城市肌理。置于兩座住宅之間，可用于該項目的空間既狹窄又瘦長，僅有6.5m寬，并且可以從兩邊的街道到達(dá)場地。由于現(xiàn)存建筑荒廢已久，只有相對完好保存的主立面仍具有一定的遺產(chǎn)價值，值得被保留在項目中。

業(yè)主希望將住宅中的兩種區(qū)域加以明確的區(qū)分：家庭空間，承載日常家庭生活發(fā)生的場所；次級空間，安靜并與前種空間加以分隔，在功能上獨立但不定義確切功能，用作迎接偶然來訪客人的起居室，也用于聚餐或集會活動。依據(jù)對街道建筑對齊的規(guī)劃法規(guī)要求，沿著地塊方向分隔這兩部分區(qū)域的隔墻自然而然產(chǎn)生。家庭空間朝向主要街道布置，而地塊中被中心庭園分隔和獨立出來的西側(cè)部分，則提供了隔離的車輛入口。

地塊的東西朝向和臨街面的狹窄，使得沿街立面很難獲得充足的光照。這一狀況又使得地面層的私密性問題難以解決，促使我們將建筑由街道面退后了一些，給建筑兩面都提供了入口內(nèi)院。這些天井式院子帶來了上方的光照攝取，同時也創(chuàng)造了過渡空間，既是街道與住宅物質(zhì)空間的過渡，也是室外和室內(nèi)氣候的過渡。具有可移動屋頂構(gòu)造的半遮蔽實用空間，冬日提供能量收集，夏日促進(jìn)自然通風(fēng)。這些生物氣候空間成為連接兩條街道間的建筑空間序列的起始，序列中包含了一系列在條件、特征和性能等方面截然不同的區(qū)域。增加的這個空間與熱學(xué)狀態(tài)的序列創(chuàng)造了長達(dá)53m、面積共345m2的地面層，是住宅中最頻繁和集中使用的地方。同時，它如同一條長長延伸的走廊，分別連接著住宅上層和地下層的私密空間和后勤空間。

住宅中的每個房間都經(jīng)過精心設(shè)計而彼此關(guān)聯(lián)，清晰地呈現(xiàn)著每個空間的特別用途，又顯現(xiàn)著其作為整體空間的一部分存在。這種方法也使室外空間具有了生活空間的品質(zhì)，因此好像成為了住宅中額外的一個房間。借此，主要的地面層空間將不同的室內(nèi)房間、底層和上層、更狹長的半室外有頂?shù)纳餁夂蚩臻g以及有頂或無頂?shù)氖彝饪臻g整合聯(lián)結(jié)、相互關(guān)聯(lián)。

不同結(jié)構(gòu)單元之間的關(guān)系，很容易產(chǎn)生不連續(xù)性，這個需要解決的問題同時也創(chuàng)造了機(jī)會，組織磚砌工匠來構(gòu)思出加強實心磚層的后壓縮梁。荷載結(jié)構(gòu)墻體設(shè)計為窗臺與窗楣間條紋狀的分層排布，地面層從薄磚實心磚、再到上層的厚有孔磚。對砌筑工法的多樣結(jié)構(gòu)需求，創(chuàng)造出了多變的韻律和肌理，從而獲得了嶄新的面貌。（陳茜 譯）

1　外景/Exterior view2　總平面/Site plan3　入口/Entrance

The plot is located in the historic city center of Granollers and placed into an urban fabric of dwellings between party walls. The available space is narrow and elongated， only 6.5m wide； and accessible from two streets. Owing to the dilapidated state of the existing building， only the main facade，reasonably well preserved offering a certain heritage value， could be maintained.

The desire of the owners was to differentiate two zones in the house: the domestic area， where the daily family life had to take place； and a secondary area， quiet and isolated from the first，functionally independent to be used indistinctly as a living room or to welcome occasional guests as well as organizing meals and gatherings. According to planning regulation in street alignment the partition in two areas along the plot appears automatically. The domestic area is placed towards the main street， while the west side of the plot， isolated and separated by the central garden， becomes a segregated zone for vehicle access.

The east-west orientation of the plot and the narrowness of the access streets made it difficult to achieve a good solar gain throughout the street facades. This circumstance， added to the difficulties to achieve privacy in the ground floor， led us to move back the building from the front street line，creating access patios both sides of the house.These patios allow upper solar gain and at the same time create transition spaces， both physically between the street and the house， and between outdoor and indoor climate. Semi covered and practicable spaces with retractable roofs tops allow capturing energy during winter time as well as ventilation through summer. These bioclimatic spaces become the first step of a sequence of areas linking one street to the other offering all along a great variety of conditions，characteristics and properties clearly differentiated among themselves. The addition of this sequence of spaces and thermal conditions creates a ground floor 53m long totaling 345m2 dedicated to the most frequent and collective use of the house. It works at the same time as a long continuous hallway，giving access to the private and service areas of the house located in the upper floor and the basement，respectively.

Each one of the rooms was individually treated yet carefully connected with the next one， clearly identifying the specific use of each space being all，at the same time， part of a whole. This approach helps the exterior space to achieve the quality of a living space， therefore becoming one more room of the house. This way， this main ground floor combines different interior rooms， lower or higher roofs， longer， semi-exterior covered and bioclimatic rooms as well as covered and uncovered outdoor rooms.

Relationship between different structural units produces discontinuities that need to be solved， becoming as an opportunity to organize brick masonry and creating post-compressed beams where solid brick layers will be reinforced. Load bearing walls are stratified in strips between ledges and lintels creating a gradient of densities from the thinner and more solid pieces in the ground floor， to the thicker and perforated pieces of the upper floors. Diverse structural requirements of the masonry work produce different rhythms and textures achieving new expressivities.

4 庭院/Courtyard

項目信息/Credits and data

設(shè)計團(tuán)隊/Design Team: David Lorente， Josep Ricart， Xavier Ros， Roger Tudó （HARQUITECTES）

合作方/Collaborators: Blai Cabrero Bosch， （architect of HARQUITECTES）， Montse Fornés Guàrdia （architect of HARQUITECTES）， Carla Pi?ol Moreno （quantity surveyor of HARQUITECTES）， Fátima Vilaseca （interior design），Ramon Anton （quantity surveyor）， DSM arquitectes（structural engineer）， Igetech/àbacenginyers （insallations），Anna Esteve （landscape）

建筑用途/Building's Purpose: 家庭住宅兼客房/Family home and guest house

建造周期/Construction Period: 2011.10 – 2014.03

建筑面積/Usable Floor Area: 673m2

磚材類型/Brick Type: 粘土磚，飾面磚，粘土鋪地磚/Clay blocks， facing bricks， clay pavers

攝影/Photos: Adrià Goula

評委評語

馬蒂亞·貝克：1014住宅植入于一個極為狹窄的空間中，可以說是極其特殊的城市環(huán)境。建筑師針對一個僅有6.5m寬卻非常、非常長的地塊進(jìn)行工作，他們對這一特殊地段的使用采取了一種很有創(chuàng)新性的方式。這是一次對于如何處理時常會在歷史城市中出現(xiàn)的“雞肋式”空間的嘗試。項目因此成為了對于封閉與開放空間的既精準(zhǔn)又復(fù)雜的把玩。人們很容易想象居住在這里能獲得的高度空間豐富性和環(huán)境氛圍。這座建筑不僅僅將通常與住宅相關(guān)的許多問題與要素一一解決，更在材料、尺度、氣候條件、“技巧”的想法甚至材料的連接上下功夫。對磚的使用將傳統(tǒng)的概念和建構(gòu)“技巧”的概念表達(dá)出來，這兩者都從本質(zhì)上強化了對這個項目的整體體驗。（陳茜 譯）

5　首層平面/Floor 0 plan

6　剖面/Section

Jury Statement

Matija Bevk: House 1014 is inserted into a very narrow space， in so to say extreme city conditions. The architects worked with a plot which is about 6.5m wide and very， very long， and they have used this unusual location in a very innovative way. It is an exercise in how to use the almost "left-over" space， which sometimes exists in historic cities. The project therefore becomes a very precise and complex play of closed and open spaces. One can immediately imagine that living there offers a lot of spatial richness as well as ambience and atmosphere. The project deals with many questions and aspects normally associated with housing， but it also deals with questions of materiality， scale and climatic conditions， as well as the idea of "skill"， the material articulation of the project.The use of brick becomes a conveyor of both the idea of tradition and the idea of "skill" in construction， which both contribute fundamentally to the overall experience of the project.

評論

王麗方：用地極為狹長，兩頭連街。一頭是車庫院子與二層小樓，一頭是舊入口與三層小樓，中間是長院，跨過一個方亭。用磚作為立面主材，分散的形體得以統(tǒng)一。看似磚砌的墻體，借助構(gòu)造的處理卻開出很多橫向大洞口，使磚墻很顯新穎。選擇特薄的羅馬磚和特厚的空心磚與普通磚組砌，強調(diào)出磚的手工藝特點，又有雜亂錯綜之意，與雜亂的周邊和舊入口的雜石的舊墻相協(xié)調(diào)。

空間組織既簡潔流暢又奇異多變，刷白的室內(nèi)，也微微地顯出磚的痕跡。磚建筑既通透又厚重，顯得清新又樸雅。

最可看的是舊入口。原有二層高的沿街石墻立面相當(dāng)動人。新建筑向后退進(jìn)，之間用小庭過渡，上面蓋以天窗。新建筑的磚立面延伸到小庭的地面鋪裝，再向上翻卷，貼砌在石墻的內(nèi)側(cè)。石墻原有的4個洞口，留用了兩個。沿街是動人的舊石墻，進(jìn)入后是五面磚飾包圍的磚的小庭。形體的過渡用空間，材料的過渡是一墻兩面。大膽而貼切。

7　步行入口/Pedestrian entrance

Comments

WANG Lifang: The plot is extremely narrow， with both ends connecting two streets. To one end are the garage yard and a two-storied building， while to the other end the old entrance and a three-storied building， with a long courtyard in the middle across a square pavilion. With brick as the main material of the facades， the fragmented parts are unified. The wall， seemingly being made of bricks， is newly designed with structural treatment of opening large horizontal holes. With masonry of thin Roman bricks， thick hollow bricks and common bricks， the wall highlights the craft characteristics of bricks with complicated meanings， in harmony with the old wall made of miscellaneous stones inlaid in the messy surrounding and old entrance.

The spatial arrangement is simple， smooth， singular and changeable， with the interior walls being painted in white indicating the slight trace of bricks. The brick building is both transparent and heavy， appearing fresh and elegant.

The old entrance is the focus worth more gaze. The original two-storied wall in stone along the street has an attractive facade. The new building extends backward， with a small courtyard transit in the middle and the skylight covering the top. The brick facade of the new building extends to the pavement on the ground of a small courtyard， and then rolled upward to the inside of the stone wall. Two of the original four holes of the stone wall are kept. Along the street is the magnificent old masonry wall， inside which is a small courtyard decorated with five-sided stones. The transit of the whole shape is a wide space， while that of material is the two sides of a wall， which is bold and appropriate.

袁烽：1014住宅的磚立面設(shè)計形成的體量回應(yīng)了周邊歷史街區(qū)中的肌理與文脈。在這一設(shè)計中，磚石材料并不能從建筑中完全孤立出來，而是被建筑師融入到狹長場地的空間操作中。首先在沿街立面的處理上，建筑師通過運用樸實的磚石材料形成了對兩側(cè)歷史建筑的尊重。同時，建筑師在對磚石的砌筑中并沒有刻意追求一種表面上的“歷史感”，而是仍以較為簡潔的當(dāng)代建構(gòu)方式體現(xiàn)了建筑與材料的真實性。在內(nèi)部空間處理中，建筑師在庭院隔墻的砌筑上選取了不同磚石尺寸和建構(gòu)方式，并將這些處理形成的不同肌理進(jìn)行并置，一方面體現(xiàn)了一種歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程中抽象的瞬時多樣性，另一方面不同墻體界面上的多樣性質(zhì)感在形成了豐富的空間體驗的同時，建立了觀者在空間行走過程中對整體結(jié)構(gòu)布局的識別性。

9　內(nèi)景/Interior view

Philip F. Yuan: House 1014 responds to its urban context and texture through a particular method of brick facade design and massing manipulation. In this project，brick as a material cannot be isolated from the building， but should be interpreted as the chief component of the overall spatial configuration in this narrow site. In order to dialogue with surrounding buildings， brick is used to construct the front facade. However， the architect doesn't attempt to formulate a "historical" impression from the material. Rather， brick is used in a contemporary tectonic paradigm which maintains its material authenticity. In the internal space sequence of the building，the architect adopts different brick dimensions and assembly rules for the various internal walls. As the result， collages of different brick textures extract various but instantaneous impressions from the historical meaning of the site. While one walks though the elongated building， the diversified material textures not only creates a complex visual experience， but also maintains the identity of the overall spatial configuration.