英國天空廣播公司

SKY BELIEVE IN BETTER BUILDING

Believe in Better大廈

Declan O'Carroll

Arup Associates董事，1988年加入Arup Associates至今，負(fù)責(zé)了大量項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐并贏得了獎項(xiàng)。他不僅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)公司，同時(shí)也帶領(lǐng)設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)在每個項(xiàng)目中創(chuàng)新，并在可持續(xù)性設(shè)計(jì)上得到廣泛認(rèn)可。主要項(xiàng)目：英國天空廣播公司Believe in Better大廈、新加坡體育中心、英國南郡Pinewood工作室、倫敦Broadgate Circle、英國劍橋Devonshire Road、英國天空廣播公司總部等。

英國天空廣播公司“Believe in Better”大樓是一座供研究生、實(shí)習(xí)生和員工培訓(xùn)時(shí)使用的教育設(shè)施，同時(shí)也用于青年培訓(xùn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)推廣。大樓以聚焦社區(qū)、教育與超級靈活性為依托，在體現(xiàn)社會觀念的同時(shí)，展示了企業(yè)的價(jià)值?？蛻羝谕ㄟ^使用場外預(yù)制的方法將該建筑建成可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)的典范。該建筑是英國首座多層木結(jié)構(gòu)商業(yè)辦公樓，成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了在通常項(xiàng)目一半時(shí)間內(nèi)，通過精密加工的現(xiàn)代木構(gòu)建設(shè)系統(tǒng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)獨(dú)特的工作空間。

建筑面積為3 000m2的大樓分為3層，并附加了餐廳和屋頂花園，提供了一個令人振奮的典范和公共形象，也為員工和訪客提供了友好的多功能設(shè)施。它直觀的設(shè)計(jì)和在方向引導(dǎo)和建筑功能方面的明確性，為用戶提供了不斷變化的多樣性靈活空間。

施工的速度和便利性對于該項(xiàng)目來說至關(guān)重要，它不僅確保了開放日和天空廣播25周年紀(jì)念日相吻合，而且也保證了設(shè)計(jì)的質(zhì)量和材料的應(yīng)用符合天空廣播的可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念。靈活性同樣是該項(xiàng)目成功的關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)客戶的要求，空間的設(shè)置要考慮到長遠(yuǎn)的利益。該項(xiàng)目基地位于天空園區(qū)的中心位置，因此該設(shè)計(jì)成為客戶企業(yè)價(jià)值的體現(xiàn)。

天空廣播和Arup Associates雙方都對建筑的可持續(xù)性采取認(rèn)真的態(tài)度，這一點(diǎn)一直是設(shè)計(jì)的驅(qū)動力之一。建筑結(jié)構(gòu)由膠合木框架和CLT核心樓板組成，最典型的代表是其中最大的一棟商業(yè)建筑，它的左側(cè)充分暴露以確保施工的可行性。該建筑利用可開啟窗戶的混合模式的通風(fēng)裝置，可回收熱量，并只需在夏天最熱時(shí)提供制冷，同時(shí)Believe in Better大廈（以下簡稱BIBB）采用管道核貫穿其中的低流量配件收集雨水。

該項(xiàng)目曾在生態(tài)建筑展上展出，并被用作居住建筑挑戰(zhàn)的案例進(jìn)行研究，目標(biāo)是獲得BREEAM 優(yōu)秀獎。

主要挑戰(zhàn)

BIBB旨在為客戶提供具有極大使用靈活性、施工與可持續(xù)性典范的激動人心的建筑。在無培訓(xùn)活動時(shí)，建筑可通過使用移動家具與折疊墻面系統(tǒng)重新將樓層布置成為開放式靈活辦公空間。

客戶期待該建筑在2014年舉辦企業(yè)25周年慶典時(shí)投入使用，因此項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)、施工以及裝修需要在不到一年內(nèi)完成，并且從開始委托設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)到進(jìn)入場地施工僅用了三個月時(shí)間。為實(shí)現(xiàn)該方案，Arup Associates提議使用工程木材系統(tǒng)以去除潮氣（CLT結(jié)構(gòu)每周可安裝500～800m2，而RC框架每周僅為300～400m2）。與此同時(shí)，我們也在設(shè)計(jì)初期的概念設(shè)計(jì)階段和目標(biāo)供應(yīng)商討論如何提高框架與裙房的施工速度。

除了可以提高施工速度之外，木質(zhì)框架所使用的可再生建筑材料對環(huán)境影響非常小，并在未來可以得到持續(xù)收益；此外還可降低基地施工噪音并減少施工工程量。除了需要在頻繁使用的衛(wèi)生間內(nèi)安裝吊頂之外，木材的自然美在整個建筑內(nèi)都得以體現(xiàn)。使用木結(jié)構(gòu)作為結(jié)構(gòu)框架對內(nèi)部裝修同樣有益，因?yàn)樵谀窘Y(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)中安裝施工比在混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中安裝施工要便捷得多。

在方案設(shè)計(jì)階段，方案設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)與駐地設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)利用BIM模型協(xié)同確認(rèn)所有木構(gòu)件的主要開口位置，以便盡早進(jìn)行木構(gòu)件的預(yù)制加工。

頗具戲劇性的北立面幕墻系統(tǒng)采用外部窗欞系統(tǒng)，這在英國屬于首例。采用該系統(tǒng)無需翻倍使用窗欞和遮陽材料（因?yàn)榱⒚媛晕⒊蛭鞅保┍憧蓜?chuàng)造跨度達(dá)到13m的整潔立面。這提供了內(nèi)外通透的視野，因此大樓可獲益于與之相鄰的樹木環(huán)境。并且，當(dāng)廣場舉辦活動時(shí)，可調(diào)節(jié)尺寸的門和北側(cè)玻璃立面便成為大樓和廣場之間的互動平臺。

自2013年10月起，設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)在規(guī)劃方案僅僅提交7周之后便加速在5周內(nèi)完成了設(shè)計(jì)服務(wù)書與概念設(shè)計(jì)。概念設(shè)計(jì)被作為基礎(chǔ)工程與木材框架的主要承包商和關(guān)鍵供應(yīng)商的招標(biāo)使用。截止到圣誕節(jié)時(shí)，木框架已經(jīng)開始投入生產(chǎn)，樁基設(shè)計(jì)也已完成，以便于在2014年1月開始基地施工。土方工程、基礎(chǔ)和地面樓板安裝都是在3月3號完成，并且為木框架的搭建做好準(zhǔn)備。

該建筑的施工工地位于CEO辦公室外側(cè)，以木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的施工速度和建造美感創(chuàng)造了一個繁忙、精彩的施工現(xiàn)場。裙房采用木制結(jié)構(gòu)形成封閉的箱體，在實(shí)現(xiàn)被動式U值和超級氣密性的同時(shí)，達(dá)到低能耗服務(wù)策略。

運(yùn)到基地時(shí)，這些貨車大小的木質(zhì)箱體內(nèi)部已經(jīng)安裝了水泥板，因此無需重復(fù)安裝內(nèi)襯。箱體配備高性能窗戶，并可為雨篷提供支撐。

木結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和施工方法倍受客戶青睞，因此在接下來的辦公和健身中心這兩個項(xiàng)目中，客戶也沿用了木質(zhì)設(shè)計(jì)與相同的施工團(tuán)隊(duì)。

該建筑將為天空廣播的Believe in Better學(xué)校推廣項(xiàng)目和學(xué)院學(xué)術(shù)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目提供場所，同時(shí)也是天空廣播鼓舞人心的展示空間和公眾形象的窗口，并且為員工和訪客提供舒適宜人的多功能空間。

建筑一層設(shè)有為訪問學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的宿舍，上面三層設(shè)有辦公室、員工培訓(xùn)設(shè)施和餐廳。學(xué)生們可以便捷地與其他使用者隔開并被保護(hù)，此外他們可以直接進(jìn)入相鄰的工作室，在那里他們可以在天空廣播工作人員的監(jiān)督下制作自己的電影，扮演導(dǎo)演、新聞播報(bào)員、音頻/視頻技術(shù)員、編輯人員以及其他和電視節(jié)目制作相關(guān)的角色。

“天空學(xué)院”有一套獨(dú)特的具有突破性的舉措，通過利用電視媒體、創(chuàng)造力和運(yùn)動的力量來激勵年輕人，幫助他們挖掘自身潛力。此外，天空廣播充分利用媒體、科技，以及員工的專業(yè)技能，和學(xué)校及其他機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行交流，并和電視、體育、藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域的模范單位開展合作。在非教學(xué)和實(shí)習(xí)生培訓(xùn)期間，大樓可以無縫轉(zhuǎn)化為辦公室、休息區(qū)、創(chuàng)意區(qū)或可容納多達(dá)150人的活動空間。

現(xiàn)場環(huán)境

BIBB是天空廣播公司重要的展示作品，樹立了一個令人振奮的、高科技創(chuàng)新型的理想工作和合作場所。它展示了天空廣播的公共形象，同時(shí)為員工和用戶提供多功能舒適的設(shè)施。

建筑矗立在天空園區(qū)的中心位置，被視為旗艦建筑。通過把該建筑移到基地南部邊界的位置，可在空出的場地中建一個34mx70m的廣場，該廣場的規(guī)模和比例是典型的傳統(tǒng)英國城鎮(zhèn)廣場，繁忙、活躍且連接緊密。到達(dá)廣場、BIBB大樓、會議中心和位于南部的天空演播室大樓一起組成充滿活力的天空園區(qū)入口空間。天空和園區(qū)互相呼應(yīng)，這里設(shè)有自動咖啡機(jī)、自行車維修店，定期舉辦的活動使得景觀也相應(yīng)改變。

建筑形態(tài)由兩個標(biāo)志性的懸挑元素構(gòu)成，西側(cè)的懸挑為格蘭特大道方向到來的訪客提供更大的存在感，寬敞的樓梯沿北立面的“櫥窗”式玻璃幕墻而建，引導(dǎo)人們到達(dá)廣場。櫥窗外立面朝向廣場方向設(shè)置可見的動畫效果，并且從大樓后面可以直接看到廣場，增強(qiáng)了天空廣播的社會屬性。

直觀的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)提供簡潔明了的引導(dǎo)作用和建筑功能，并設(shè)有滿足不斷變化的用戶需求的靈活空間。大樓外部所用材料充滿強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)代感和工業(yè)氣息，覆蓋整個園區(qū)。同時(shí)，內(nèi)部裝飾更加富有生命力，原始材料的使用展示出天空廣播的工作性質(zhì)和精神氣質(zhì)。

通過一體化設(shè)計(jì)的方案創(chuàng)新思維

由建筑師和工程師通力合作組成的Arup Associates一體化設(shè)計(jì)方案，是此類具有快速交付要求的技術(shù)需求型項(xiàng)目的理想之選。如果不采用該方案，此項(xiàng)目不可能在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。而且我們不僅完成建設(shè)工程，更帶來了各個專業(yè)的創(chuàng)新突破。

厚度為450mm的地下樓板為連接媒體大樓內(nèi)密集的IT和機(jī)電系統(tǒng)提供空間，同時(shí)提供了全套地板下通風(fēng)送風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。這種高架空樓板的設(shè)置不僅加強(qiáng)了輕質(zhì)木板樓層之間的聲學(xué)隔離，也免除了對木材進(jìn)行額外的降噪處理。

在地板空間集中施工可最大限度地減少底部拱腹的處理工作，無需安裝吊頂，從而可以暴露木質(zhì)拱腹。主要的服務(wù)設(shè)施都分布在樓板上，從而使其操作、維護(hù)簡便，同時(shí)可適應(yīng)未來不同家具布置的需求。

通過對該四層大樓進(jìn)行碳化處理，可實(shí)現(xiàn)60分防火等級，同時(shí)可使木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)框架暴露在外供人們直觀欣賞。對噴水器的需求是通過使用雙核心筒的保護(hù)和加大逃生樓梯寬度的消防策略來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，這樣可避免潛在的昂貴費(fèi)用且用時(shí)較長的施工作業(yè)。

混合模式服務(wù)策略包括連接基地范圍的CCHP系統(tǒng)、屋頂?shù)奶柲芄怆姲寰仃嚭椭亓κ接晁占?，以滿足地下儲水箱和大型水泵的需求。

在木結(jié)構(gòu)施工期間，天空廣播的員工就展開過熱烈的討論。該項(xiàng)目所采用的可再生零碳木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)大大超出客戶在可持續(xù)性方面的預(yù)期?？蛻舴浅Ｏ矚g這種方式，因此接下來的兩棟建筑將采用同樣的木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)及相同的供應(yīng)鏈。

可持續(xù)性

作為一家注冊的“碳中和”公司，天空廣播對可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)要求很高，其可持續(xù)發(fā)展框架目標(biāo)是減少15%的二氧化碳排放量。大樓所使用的膠合木框架和CLT結(jié)構(gòu)，在英國相同規(guī)模的商業(yè)建筑中前所未有，可達(dá)到超越二氧化碳零排放量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的效果（樹木生長期間可吸收的二氧化碳）。

施工所用混凝土使用了100%二級沙石配比，并使用40%的PFA/OPC粉煤灰混凝土/普通硅酸鹽水泥以最大限度地減少水泥的用量。

該建筑采用混合通風(fēng)模式，在立面安裝可吸收中庭周邊及外圍暖空氣的平開窗和透氣百葉窗。這種設(shè)置充分利用了開放式樓梯間，舍棄了傳統(tǒng)的冷卻機(jī)，而熱冷卻和熱回收可提供節(jié)能制冷，在峰值溫度時(shí)可輔以BX制冷機(jī)。

通過微調(diào)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)可以優(yōu)化其性能，在其朝北面設(shè)置“櫥窗”式立面可避免過度的太陽輻射。在其他立面，安裝厚玻璃的豎條狀窗可限制熱傳導(dǎo)和太陽輻射，角窗則最大限度地減少陽光吸收。被動建筑級U值和氣密性可通過利用覆蓋窗框的木制箱體實(shí)現(xiàn)，避免外立面的薄弱連接。

低沖水配件和雨水收集系統(tǒng)可節(jié)約水資源。由奧雅納開發(fā)的Flowstow系統(tǒng)使用大號水箱形成重力系統(tǒng)，可直接用收集的雨水沖洗馬桶，同時(shí)節(jié)約水泵能耗和水管空間。更多措施包括低能耗照明、屋頂?shù)墓夥l(fā)電板和未來連接基地范圍的生物制冷CCHP系統(tǒng)。該建筑目前已達(dá)到BREEAM優(yōu)秀級別，并具有升級到杰出級別的潛力。

The Believe in Better Building has a clear social idea based around community focus， education， and super flexibility that provides a showcase for the clients values. The client aspiration was for an exemplar of sustainable design， utilizing offsite prefabrication to achieve an ambitious delivery programme. It is the first multi-storey timber commercial office in the UK and succeeds in demonstrating the use of precision engineered modern timber construction systems to achieve a unique workplace in half the normal timeframe.

As well as creating a super-flexible workspace for a fast-changing corporate culture， the design of the Believe in Better Building focuses on creating specific， holistic， integrated conditions for optimising the health and wellbeing of the people in this building. It is the first building in the UK to be designed in accordance with the emerging Wellness Certification principles. The key principles of which are quality day-lighting， air quality， natural material selection， and great design. The team also specified materials that have low or no VOC content to avoid off-gassing problems. The extensive use of natural wood， internal and external greening provides human delight， celebration of Sky culture， and for human-nature interactions within the building. The Architecture has been specifically designed to promote the clients social interaction and collaboration culture.

The building is anchored around a cantilevering staircase running the full height of the building， which connects a range collaborative breakout spaces and office plates. There is also a restaurant and roof terrace at the top floor with views across the Sky campus.

The interiors are fresh and fun， to express a young， dynamic and engaged culture and provide an inspiring place for creativity and learning， as inspiring for Sky staff as visiting school children. The exposed timber and use of interior and exterior planting provides a natural environment to promote a higher air quality as well as the biophilic benefits.

The use of timber systems in a tight site provided many practical advantages， minimising noise and disruption to the neighbours， material deliveries and staff on site， but it also caused a significant buzz around Sky throughout the build process. The building has been such a success the Sky have chosen to commission their next building， a health and fitness centre， using similar timber construction techniques. This project successfully demonstrated to Sky and other UK commercial developers the benefits of using modern engineered timber systems.

ADDRESSING KEY CHALLENGES OF THE BRIEF

The brief was to provide an inspirational building that could be super-flexible in use and an exemplar of construction and sustainability. The client brief was to provide an exemplar or sustainable construction and inspirational building for Skys schools programme and hi-tech training for staff and apprentices. When not in use as a training facility， the floor plates can be reconfigured into flexible office space through movable furniture and folding walls. The client wanted it open for the corporate 25th anniversary in 2014， which meant a design， build and fit-out programme of less than one year.

The building was designed and constructed in less than one year and bought to site from commissioning the design team in only 3 months. It demonstrates what can be achieved through the collaborative approach typified by Arup Associates Unified Design philosophy， in partnership with an ambitious client and motivated contractors.

To achieve this programme， Arup Associates proposed engineered timber system to eliminate wet trades （CLT can be installed at 500-800m2/ week， compared with 300-400m2/ week for RC frames）. We also discussed the emerging design with potential suppliers at concept stage to take on-board their advice on how to optimise the construction speed of the frame and envelope. So when Mace came on board as Main Contractor， the suppliers were already familiar with the job and able to start quickly and effectively to meet a January fabrication slot.

As well as the speed benefits， the timber frame provides the sustainability benefits of using a low-impact renewable construction material and also further benefits in reduced noise on site and reduced labour. The natural beauty of the timber is exposed throughout the building， with ceilings only provided in highly serviced toilet areas. The use of timber as a structural frame also benefitted the fit-out trades， since fixing to timber is much quicker than shotfiring fixings into concrete.

The co-located design team were able to agree and define all the major openings through the timber elements at schematic design stage， using the coordinated BIM model， to enable early release of the timber frame for fabrication.

The dramatic north fa?ade curtain wall system is achieved with an external mullion system， not previously used in the UK. This avoided the doubling up of material from mullions and shading elements （due to the fa?ade facing slightly west of north） which creates a very clean and minimal fa?ade spanning up to 13m. This provides a clear view in and out from the adjacent plaza， so the building occupants benefit from the adjacent trees and when the plaza is used for events， the sizeable doors and north-fa?ade glazing provide for interaction between the building and the plaza.

Starting in October 2013， the design team raced through the briefing and concept design in 5 weeks， with planning submitted after only seven weeks. This concept design was used to engage the main contractor and key suppliers， such as ground works and timber frame. By Christmas， the timber frame was signed off for fabrication and the piling design was finished for a January 2014 site start. The earthworks， foundations and ground slab were all completed by 3rd March for the start of the timber frame erection.

The building was constructed outside the CEOs office and created a real buzz due to the speed and beauty of the timber frame. The envelope also utilised timber in the form of insulated cassettes， which were able to achieve passivhaus U-values and superb air-tightness， to facilitate the low-energy servicing strategy. These lorry-sized timber cassettes came to site with the internal cement board pre-attached to avoid the need for a follow-on lining trade. The cassettes also incorporated high performance windows and provided support for the rain screen cladding.

The timber design and construction methodology proved so successful and popular with the client， that they are using timber for their next two projects， an office and a fitness centre， using the same construction team. The building was conceived as a home for Skys Believe in Better schools outreach programme and Academy training programme for apprentices and provides an inspiring， showcase and public face to Sky as well as an inviting multi-functional amenity for the staff and visitors to use.

The building combines accommodation for visiting school children at ground level with offices， staff training facilities and a restaurant on the three stories above. The children can easily be separate and secure from the other building users and have direct access to the nearby studio building in which they make their own movie clips under supervision of Sky staff， taking on roles of directors， news-readers， audio and visual technicians， editorial staff and anything else associated with making TV programmes.

The ‘Sky Academy is a unique and groundbreaking set of initiatives that uses the power of television， creativity and sport to inspire young people and help them reach their potential. Sky Academy will help Sky to make the most of their strengths in media and technology as well as the passion and expertise of their people. And it will link up with schools and other organizations， working with inspirational role models from the world of TV， sport and the arts.

When not in use for schools and apprentice training， the building transforms seamlessly into office， breakout and creative， or event spaces for up to 150 people.

CONTEXT

This building is a significant showcase that provides an image of Sky an exciting， high-tech， innovative and desirable place to work and engage with. It presents a public face to Sky as well as an inviting multi-functional amenity for the staff and visitors to Sky to use.

It stands at the heart of the Sky campus and was to be considered a flagship building. By pushing the building close to the southern boundary of the site， a new plaza has been created. The resulting dimensions of the Plaza 34m x 70m are typical of the scale and proportion of traditional English market town squares – spaces that are busy， active as well as intimate.

The composition of the Arrival Plaza， Believe in Better Building， Meeting Centre， and southern part of the Sky Studios Building in the heart of the site creates a dynamic and active threshold to the entire Sky Campus. Sky have a dynamic relationship with their campus， providing popup coffee stations， bike maintenance shops， regular events make the landscape regularly changing.

The building form uses two significant cantilever elements， the western cantilever to provide greater presence for visitors arriving along Grant Way， and a sweeping staircase expressed on the north fa?ade， behind a ‘shop window of curtain wall， facing onto arrival square. The shop window fa?ade provides animation to the square and views back from the building to the square， emphasising the social nature of Skys business.