王加恩,劉遠(yuǎn)棟,汪建國(guó),王 振,陶 麗
(浙江省地質(zhì)調(diào)查院,杭州 311203)
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浙江麗水地區(qū)磨石山群火山巖時(shí)代歸屬*
王加恩,劉遠(yuǎn)棟,汪建國(guó),王振,陶麗
(浙江省地質(zhì)調(diào)查院,杭州 311203)
為查明浙江麗水地區(qū)中生代磨石山群火山巖的時(shí)代,在區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查、火山機(jī)構(gòu)劃分的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇該群代表性火山巖進(jìn)行鋯石年齡測(cè)定。結(jié)果表明,大爽組底部流紋質(zhì)晶屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r的SHRIMP鋯石U-Pb年齡為154.9±5.5 Ma、LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb加權(quán)平均年齡為152.0±7.0 Ma,屬晚侏羅世基默里奇階;高塢組流紋質(zhì)晶屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)rSHRIMP鋯石U-Pb年齡為131.6±2.7 Ma,兩個(gè)火山機(jī)構(gòu)的西山頭組流紋質(zhì)晶屑凝灰?guī)rLA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb加權(quán)平均年齡分別為128.6±1.7 Ma和139.5±2.5 Ma。認(rèn)為浙南磨石山群火山巖時(shí)代:大爽組為晚侏羅世,高塢組、西山頭組、茶灣組和九里坪組為早白堊世。
浙南;中生代;火山巖;磨石山群;時(shí)代歸屬
浙江地區(qū)晚中生代火山活動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈,形成巨厚的火山沉積地層,分為上、下兩個(gè)火山巖系,其中下火山巖系分別稱為建德群(浙西)和磨石山群(浙東)。磨石山群由中酸性、酸性火山碎屑巖夾沉積巖組成?!白4褰M”層型剖面從火山機(jī)構(gòu)、巖性巖相、接觸關(guān)系、成巖年齡、巖石地球化學(xué)等方面看,分別相當(dāng)于西山頭組-茶灣組,而非九里坪組之上的層位[1]。因此,磨石山群由大爽組、高塢組、西山頭組、茶灣組、九里坪組等五個(gè)組級(jí)地層構(gòu)成,記錄了晚中生代浙東南最強(qiáng)烈的火山活動(dòng)。但關(guān)于磨石山群地層的時(shí)代,目前存在不同認(rèn)識(shí):磨石山群為晚侏羅世—早白堊世早期,即其頂部為早白堊世,其余為晚侏羅世[2-5];自磨石山群大爽組起至上火山巖系天臺(tái)群和衢江群,均為白堊紀(jì)[6-12],浙江可能缺失上侏羅統(tǒng)及部分下白堊統(tǒng)地層[13]。
浙南麗水地區(qū)是磨石山群火山巖發(fā)育地區(qū)之一。本文在對(duì)該區(qū)進(jìn)行區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查、火山機(jī)構(gòu)、火山活動(dòng)旋回劃分的基礎(chǔ)上,厘定該區(qū)火山巖地層,并對(duì)巖石地層中的火山巖層位進(jìn)行鋯石U-Pb同位素年齡測(cè)定,限定該區(qū)磨山群火山巖的成巖時(shí)間。
研究區(qū)位于武夷山成礦帶東北部,從北東向的麗水—余姚大斷裂帶中間斜貫而過(guò),火山機(jī)構(gòu)多為復(fù)活破火山(圖1)。早期火山活動(dòng)為毛弄組火山巖夾層,火山活動(dòng)主體為磨石山群,分為兩個(gè)火山活動(dòng)旋回:第一旋回為大爽組和高塢組;第二旋回由西山頭組、茶灣組和九里坪組組成[14],巖性以酸性火山碎屑巖為主。
在浙南麗水地區(qū)采集磨石山群火山巖同位素年齡樣10件,其中大爽組2件、高塢組1件、西山頭組4件,九里坪組3件。樣品破碎后手工淘洗分離重砂,經(jīng)磁選和電磁選后,在雙目鏡下挑出鋯石。SHRIMP鋯石U-Pb年齡測(cè)試在北京離子探針中心完成,實(shí)驗(yàn)流程參照文獻(xiàn)[15-16]。測(cè)試用RSES標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鋯石TEM (417Ma)進(jìn)行元素間的分餾校正,數(shù)據(jù)處理采用Squid 1.01和Isoplot程序[17-18]。用實(shí)測(cè)的204Pb進(jìn)行普通Pb校正,普通Pb組成采用相應(yīng)年齡的地殼平均Pb同位素組成。同位素比值為1σ相對(duì)誤差,年齡加權(quán)平均值為95%置信度誤差。
圖1 浙江麗水地區(qū)地質(zhì)簡(jiǎn)圖(引自1:50000雙溪測(cè)區(qū)區(qū)調(diào)報(bào)告)Fig.1 Generalized geologic map of the Lishui area, Zhejiang Province
LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb年齡測(cè)定在南京大學(xué)內(nèi)生金屬礦床成礦機(jī)制研究國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成。ICP-MS型號(hào)為Agilent 7500型四級(jí)桿質(zhì)譜儀,激光剝蝕系統(tǒng)為NewWave公司UP-213固體激光剝蝕系統(tǒng),剝蝕孔徑為30 μm,采用He為載氣。質(zhì)量分餾校正采用鋯石標(biāo)樣GJ-1。分析數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)分析軟件GLITTER計(jì)算獲得同位素比值、年齡和誤差,按照Andersen[19]的方法進(jìn)行普通鉛校正,通過(guò)ISOPLOT軟件(版本3.23)完成加權(quán)平均年齡計(jì)算和U-Pb諧和圖。同位素比值誤差用1σ表示,加權(quán)平均年齡的置信度誤差為95%。
2.1大爽組火山巖年齡測(cè)定
大爽組發(fā)育在牛頭山穹狀火山中,用于SHRIMP鋯石U-Pb年齡測(cè)定的樣品為云和縣石塘鎮(zhèn)南坑村北300m機(jī)耕路邊的流紋質(zhì)含晶屑玻屑凝灰?guī)r(T6-TW);用于LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb測(cè)年的樣品為云和縣石塘鎮(zhèn)坑口村東200m公路邊的流紋質(zhì)晶屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r(D3888)。鋯石陰極發(fā)光CL圖像表明(圖2、圖4),兩件樣品中的鋯石大部分具明顯振蕩環(huán)帶,Th/U>0.4,大部分為巖漿成因鋯石。
對(duì)大爽組流紋質(zhì)含晶屑玻屑凝灰?guī)r(T6-TW)中的14顆鋯石進(jìn)行SHRIMP鋯石U-Pb年齡測(cè)定。11、15點(diǎn)年齡值>1000Ma采用207Pb /206Pb年齡,其余測(cè)點(diǎn)年齡值<1000Ma采用206Pb/238U年齡。14個(gè)點(diǎn)的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)(表1)顯示兩個(gè)年齡集中區(qū):測(cè)點(diǎn)T6-TW-11.1和T6-TW-15.1年齡值分別為2435±37 Ma和1675±17 Ma。剔除U、Th、206Pb*含量偏高的測(cè)點(diǎn)(T6-TW-1.1、T6-TW-8.1、T6-TW-10.1、T6-TW-12.1、T6-TW-13.1和T6-TW-14.1),剩余7個(gè)點(diǎn)組成年齡諧和圖(圖3),獲得U-Pb諧和年齡為154.9±5.5 Ma,為牛頭山穹狀火山大爽組的成巖年齡。
大爽組流紋質(zhì)含晶屑玻屑凝灰?guī)r(D3888)LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb定年結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2。18顆鋯石的21個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)的測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,4、17點(diǎn)鋯石具較低的Th/U比值(0.102~0.223),等軸無(wú)明顯振蕩環(huán)帶,具有變質(zhì)鋯石特征,其核部207Pb/206Pb年齡分別為1875.6±56.34 Ma和2013±16 Ma;4點(diǎn)鋯石邊部年齡為229.2±3.15 Ma,其1.8~2.0 Ga說(shuō)明該鋯石是捕獲鋯石,指示該區(qū)存在古元古代基底,229.2±3.15 Ma反映該區(qū)晚三疊世早期受熱事件影響,在鋯石邊部產(chǎn)生變質(zhì)增生,晚三疊世早期熱事件在浙南較普遍。其余16顆鋯石具振蕩環(huán)帶,屬巖漿成因。除3個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)(D3888-09-1、D3888-10-1、D3888-14-1)因高U異常而206Pb/238U年齡偏低外,其余13個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)具有一致的206Pb/238U年齡,加權(quán)平均年齡為152.0±7.0 Ma(圖5),為該樣品的成巖年齡。
圖2 大爽組火山巖(T6-TW)的鋯石陰極發(fā)光CL圖像Fig.2 CL images of zircons from the Dashuang Formation volcanic rock(T6-TW)
圖3 大爽組火山巖(T6-TW)鋯石U-Pb年齡諧和圖和加權(quán)平均年齡Fig.3 Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram and weighted average map of the Dashuang Formation volcanic rock(T6-TW)
測(cè)點(diǎn)UTh10-610-6Th/U238U/206Pb*207Pb*/206Pb*207Pb*/235U207Pb/206Pb206Pb/238U比值±%比值±%比值±%年齡/Ma誤差/Ma年齡/Ma誤差/MaT6-TW-1.13974691.2247.062.10.05514.80.16155.288±390135.5±3.7T6-TW-2.11801450.8340.082.10.0497120.17112-96±580158.9±4.1T6-TW-3.12014022.0743.502.00.0520150.16515264±410146.5±5.0T6-TW-4.1661111.7438.63.00.0645120.23112165.0±7.9T6-TW-5.11021611.6341.72.50.0495140.16414-420±1600152.7±6.4T6-TW-6.1601192.0339.43.10.0478190.16719626±550161.6±9.3T6-TW-7.11331721.3342.452.30.0500100.16310226±390150.1±5.0T6-TW-8.1495539200.8253.791.40.05781.20.14831.869±54118.7±1.9T6-TW-9.11942451.3140.442.20.06318.80.2159.118±760157.5±4.6T6-TW-10.1448034740.8055.251.30.05651.30.14111.9124±44115.6±1.8T6-TW-11.164300.482.0082.20.16491.611.322.72,435±372,605±49T6-TW-12.1371622930.6456.741.40.05282.00.12822.4-5±78112.6±1.7T6-TW-13.1454627010.6156.141.40.053591.30.13161.959±5213.8±1.8T6-TW-14.1436326150.6254.381.40.051871.40.13151.9115±35117.5±1.8T6-TW-15.1231470.214.9151.60.10601.72.9752.31,675±411,194±18
不同地點(diǎn)和不同測(cè)試方法獲得的大爽組火山巖年齡接近(154.9±5.5 Ma 和152.0±6 Ma),表明該年齡值具有可靠性。
圖4 大爽組火山巖(D3888)的鋯石陰極發(fā)光CL圖像Fig.4 CL images of zircons from the Dashuang Formation volcanic rock(D3888)
圖5 大爽組火山巖(D3888)LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb年齡諧和圖和加權(quán)平均年齡圖Fig.5 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagram and weighted average age map of the Dashuang Formation volcanic rock(D3888)
測(cè)點(diǎn)232Th238U10-610-6Th/U207Pb/206Pb207Pb/235U206Pb/238U206Pb/238U208Pb/232Th測(cè)值1σ測(cè)值1σ測(cè)值1σ年齡/Ma1σ年齡/Ma1σD3888-01-137.0086.360.4280.04940.00320.17150.01100.02520.0004160.32.76142.612.99D3888-02-153.71133.170.4030.04750.00210.15990.00720.02440.0004155.42.3413211.51D3888-03-168.5589.320.7670.04790.00340.16130.01140.02440.0005155.62.8296.37.62D3888-04-121.71195.500.1110.11960.00215.20910.09720.31600.00421770.320.652467.4312.35D3888-04-240.12392.500.1020.05160.00110.25720.00560.03620.0005229.23.15156.712.51D3888-05-1141.26230.190.6140.04890.00200.16060.00650.02380.0004151.72.38165.528.97D3888-06-118.1434.660.5230.04940.00690.16960.02340.02490.0006158.63.55189.927.78D3888-07-1110.04246.850.4460.07510.00200.26590.00700.02570.0004163.52.43132.410.59D3888-08-1114.19184.460.6190.05090.00190.19320.00720.02750.00041752.7125.914.1D3888-08-277.111173.850.0660.05490.00120.19070.00410.02520.0004160.52.23171.617.04D3888-09-11460.465684.710.2570.05260.00080.11750.00190.01620.0002103.71.3194.98.26D3888-10-1522.862649.880.1970.05750.00100.14340.00250.01810.0002115.61.48138.612.34D3888-10-269.92254.860.2740.04780.00180.15460.00570.02350.0004149.62.22123.712.03D3888-11-193.71197.270.4750.05090.00220.16750.00730.02390.0004152.22.4112412.17D3888-12-188.78200.200.4430.04950.00170.16660.00570.02440.0004155.62.25129.712.83D3888-13-1139.53224.800.6210.04910.00170.15870.00540.02340.0003149.32.16122.212.38D3888-14-11683.786365.860.2650.10820.00170.26070.00450.01750.0002111.71.44188.419.41D3888-15-1193.00433.840.4450.05250.00130.16230.00410.02240.0003143.11.96116.712.62D3888-16-155.65103.770.5360.04990.00390.15760.01220.02290.0005146.12.95118.314.35D3888-17-129.11130.370.2230.12390.00225.33190.09850.31220.00411751.620.341787.7198.59D3888-18-174.26129.280.5740.05010.00250.15570.00760.02260.0004143.72.24106.313.06
2.2高塢組火山巖年齡測(cè)定
高塢組火山巖測(cè)年樣品采于蓮都區(qū)雙黃鄉(xiāng)黃寮坑村邊,黃畈穹狀火山的中心部位,巖性為流紋質(zhì)晶屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r(T11-TW),鋯石陰極發(fā)光CL圖像(圖6)顯示大部分鋯石為長(zhǎng)柱狀,具有巖漿結(jié)晶環(huán)帶結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)11顆鋯石進(jìn)行SHRIMP鋯石U-Pb定年(表3),除2個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)(T11-TW-4.1和T11-TW-11.1)因高U而206Pb /238U年齡偏低,其余9個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)的206Pb/238U年齡為114.5±2.0 Ma~136.8±3.2 Ma,加權(quán)平均年齡為131.6±2.7 Ma(圖7),為該穹狀火山高塢組成巖年齡。
2.3西山頭組火山巖年齡測(cè)定
西山頭組火山巖測(cè)年樣品采于蓮都區(qū)巖泉街道楓樹(shù)灣村附件國(guó)道邊,巖性為流紋質(zhì)晶屑凝灰?guī)r(T9-TW)。對(duì)樣品12顆鋯石進(jìn)行SHRIMP鋯石U-Pb定年(表4),除測(cè)點(diǎn)T9-TW-5.1鋯石為等軸狀外,其余鋯石均為長(zhǎng)柱狀,長(zhǎng)軸為100~200 μm,具結(jié)晶環(huán)帶結(jié)構(gòu),為巖漿成因鋯石(圖8)。12個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)采用206Pb/238U年齡(表4),除測(cè)點(diǎn)T9-TW-5.1鋯石表面年齡為1999±45 Ma外,其他11個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)年齡范圍為126.7±3.7 Ma~139.1±4.3 Ma,加權(quán)平均年齡為133.0±2.5 Ma(圖9),為黃畈穹狀火山西山頭組成巖年齡。
圖6 高塢組火山巖(T11-TW)的鋯石陰極發(fā)光CL圖像Fig.6 CL images of zircons from the Gaowu Formation volcanic rock(T11-TW)
測(cè)點(diǎn)UTh10-610-6Th/U238U/206Pb*207Pb*/206Pb*207Pb*/235U206Pb*/238U206Pb/238U比值±%比值±%比值±%比值±%年齡/Ma誤差/MaT11-TW-1.12112211.0850.23.10.026760.071760.019913.1127.1±3.9T11-TW-2.12082741.3651.13.20.033610.088610.019563.2124.9±3.9T11-TW-3.12614311.7151.92.30.045230.120230.019282.3123.1±2.8T11-TW-4.15945340.9355.81.80.0422160.104170.017921.8114.5±2.0T11-TW-5.12302050.9248.22.30.0552130.158130.020752.3132.4±3.0T11-TW-6.11281281.0347.82.50.060180.172180.020932.5133.5±3.4T11-TW-7.11291601.2847.92.60.048230.139230.020882.6133.2±3.4T11-TW-8.11461661.1746.62.40.0635100.188100.021452.4136.8±3.2T11-TW-9.11181781.5649.83.20.036460.099460.020073.2128.1±4.1T11-TW-10.11552831.8849.92.40.0289180.080180.020042.4127.9±3.0T11-TW-11.13943250.8555.51.80.04678.40.1168.60.018011.8115.1±2.1
圖7 高塢組火山巖(T11-TW)的鋯石U-Pb年齡諧和圖和加權(quán)平均年齡圖Fig.7 Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram and weighted average age map of the Gaowu Formation volcanic rock(T11-TW)
測(cè)點(diǎn)UTh10-610-6Th/U238U/206Pb*207Pb*/206Pb*207Pb*/235U206Pb*/238U206Pb/238U比值±%比值±%比值±%比值±%年齡/Ma誤差/MaT9-TW-1.11311271.0045.83.10.053380.160380.021823.1139.1±4.3T9-TW-2.12562090.8450.43.00.030500.081500.019853.0126.7±3.7T9-TW-3.11391351.0046.72.50.056220.167220.021432.5136.7±3.4T9-TW-4.11891740.9548.13.10.030630.086630.020813.1132.7±4.0T9-TW-5.149641.362.7512.60.10776.45.407.00.36352.61,999±45T9-TW-6.11251431.1847.92.50.0555160.160170.020882.5133.2±3.4T9-TW-7.1105970.9546.33.30.088200.262200.021583.3137.6±4.4T9-TW-8.11811450.8348.63.70.038660.108660.020573.7131.3±4.8T9-TW-9.11601901.2348.62.50.072160.206160.020592.5131.4±3.3T9-TW-10.11331921.4948.63.50.053470.150470.020573.5131.3±4.6T9-TW-11.11711751.0649.92.90.052350.143350.020032.9127.8±3.6T9-TW-12.11271331.0849.03.20.054320.151330.020433.2130.4±4.1
圖8 西山頭組火山巖(T9-TW)的鋯石陰極發(fā)光CL圖像Fig.8 CL images of zircons from the Xishantou Formation volcanic rock(T9-TW)
圖9 浙江麗水地區(qū)西山頭組火山巖(T9-TW)鋯石U-Pb年齡諧和圖和加權(quán)平均年齡圖Fig.9 Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram and weighted average age map of the Xishantou Formation volcanic rock(T9-TW)
在八面湖破火山中采集西山頭組樣品進(jìn)行LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb測(cè)年,樣品采于青田縣章村鄉(xiāng)下平塔村路邊,巖性為流紋質(zhì)晶屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r(3887),鋯石陰極發(fā)光CL圖像(圖10)表明鋯石呈長(zhǎng)柱狀,長(zhǎng)軸100~300 μm,具明顯振蕩環(huán)帶,為巖漿成因鋯石。剔除年齡偏差大的4個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)(3887-8-1、3887-10-1、3887-11-1、3887-12-1),其余8個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)的加權(quán)平均年齡為139.5±2.5 Ma(表5,圖11),為八面湖破火山機(jī)構(gòu)西山頭組成巖年齡。
燕山早期,浙江省內(nèi)構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)不強(qiáng)烈,是火山活動(dòng)相對(duì)寧?kù)o的時(shí)期,在江-紹斷裂帶北西側(cè)主要表現(xiàn)為巖漿侵入[20]。建德群勞村組底部的火山巖夾層成巖年齡為135.1±1.6 Ma(尚未發(fā)表),表明浙西北大規(guī)模火山活動(dòng)起始于早白堊世。在江—紹斷裂帶南東側(cè),侏羅紀(jì)以來(lái)一直存在微弱的火山噴發(fā)活動(dòng),火山巖多呈夾層產(chǎn)于陸相碎屑巖中,如毛弄組建組剖面中火山巖累計(jì)厚約400 m,接近剖面總厚度的一半,火山巖年齡為180±4 Ma,屬早侏羅世晚期[21]。但浙東南多數(shù)地區(qū),毛弄組巖性為湖相沉積的中粗粒砂巖、細(xì)砂巖夾砂礫巖、巖屑砂巖,夾少量中酸性火山碎屑巖。
圖10 八面湖破火山西山頭組火山巖(3887)的鋯石陰極發(fā)光CL圖像Fig.10 CL images of zircons from the Xishantou Formation volcanic rock(3887)
圖11 面湖破火山西山頭組火山巖(3887)LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb年齡諧和圖和加權(quán)平均年齡圖Fig.11 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagram and weighted average age map of the Xishantou Formation volcanic rock(3887)
測(cè)點(diǎn)232Th238U10-610-6Th/U207Pb/206Pb207Pb/235U206Pb/238U208Pb/232Th207Pb/235U206Pb/238U208Pb/232Th測(cè)值1σ測(cè)值1σ測(cè)值1σ測(cè)值1σ年齡/Ma1σ年齡/Ma1σ年齡/Ma1σ3887-1-1115.49133.290.8660.05140.00310.15290.00920.02160.00040.00730.0011144.58.06137.62.42147.821.633887-2-156.3081.110.6940.05000.00410.15700.01270.02280.00050.00790.0011148.111.18145.12.8115821.163887-3-1218.25299.770.7280.04970.00180.14910.00530.02180.00030.00570.0006141.14.72138.72.13115.612.813887-4-1111.11188.960.5880.05340.00240.16210.00710.02200.00040.00590.0007152.56.21140.52.3119.614.13887-5-179.54121.240.6560.04980.00280.14960.00820.02180.00040.00610.0007141.67.28138.92.2812213.473887-6-150.0178.720.6350.05210.00440.15990.01330.02230.00050.00600.0008150.611.651422.86120.415.563887-7-174.95143.840.5210.04980.00290.14430.00830.02100.00040.00580.0009136.97.39134.12.37116.118.223887-8-131.0346.570.6660.05820.00670.18550.02100.02310.00060.00280.0003172.818147.43.7156.55.643887-9-128.5347.420.6020.05100.00700.15420.02080.02190.00060.00660.0011145.618.33139.93.51132.122.633887-10-141.7253.140.7850.05090.00590.16630.01910.02370.00060.00610.0010156.216.67150.93.52122.119.353887-11-118.0730.940.5840.09310.00890.31410.02920.02450.00060.00790.0012277.322.55155.83.96159.924.653887-12-115.4915.620.9920.05040.01780.16390.05760.02360.00100.00670.0012154.150.21150.46.23134.924.63
在麗水牛頭山一帶,大面積火山巖分布在穹狀火山外圍,巖性分為三段:一段巖性為流紋質(zhì)晶屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r、流紋質(zhì)晶屑玻屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r夾凝灰質(zhì)砂巖、英安質(zhì)晶屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r;二段巖性為為凝灰質(zhì)砂巖、粉砂巖、泥巖夾中酸性火山碎屑巖;三段巖性為流紋質(zhì)晶屑玻屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r、流紋質(zhì)含角礫晶屑玻屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r與凝灰質(zhì)砂巖、砂礫巖互層。該套火山巖巖性與上覆晶屑熔結(jié)凝灰?guī)r(高塢組)接觸關(guān)系清晰,從火山巖相看,以中心式噴發(fā)的火山碎屑流相、噴發(fā)-沉積相為主,為火山間隙性弱噴發(fā)活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物,具有火山活動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、堆積厚度大等特點(diǎn),其火山活動(dòng)具有“噴發(fā)—沉積—噴發(fā)—沉積—噴發(fā)”的特點(diǎn),從早期至晚期噴發(fā)強(qiáng)度總體呈“弱—強(qiáng)—弱—強(qiáng)—弱”的變化,巖性組合與毛弄組區(qū)別明顯。浙東南中生代大規(guī)模火山活動(dòng)形成的火山巖歸為磨石山群。從火山機(jī)構(gòu)、地層產(chǎn)狀、巖性組合、巖相特征、噴發(fā)強(qiáng)度等看,該區(qū)火山巖應(yīng)歸為磨山群大爽組,而本次獲得的年齡(154.9±5.5 Ma)說(shuō)明大爽組火山巖形成于晚侏羅世。
由于古太平洋板塊俯沖角度隨時(shí)間發(fā)生變化[22-24],東南沿?;鹕綆r漿活動(dòng)由西南向北東方向遷移。浙江地區(qū)也具有該種特征,即火山活動(dòng)由浙西南向浙北、浙東發(fā)展,巖石地球化學(xué)特征反應(yīng)了由擠壓向伸展拉張轉(zhuǎn)變的構(gòu)造背景[25-27]。區(qū)域上磨石山群底界年齡也由西南向北東變新,如本次測(cè)得的浙南云和縣大爽組巖石年齡為154.9±5.5 Ma和152±7 Ma;而在浙中東陽(yáng)地區(qū)大爽組年齡為132±6 Ma~135±3 Ma,浙東永嘉楓林、霞山一帶大爽組年齡分別為133~129 Ma和132±8 Ma,大規(guī)?;鹕狡鹗蓟顒?dòng)均比浙南晚近20 Ma。
浙江大爽組地層時(shí)代為154.9~129 Ma,高塢組地層時(shí)代為132±6 Ma~121.4±1.6 Ma。福建省閩清文格山地區(qū)長(zhǎng)林組(與大爽組相當(dāng))安山巖Rb-Sr等時(shí)線年齡為180±2.5 Ma[28],而與高塢組層位相當(dāng)?shù)哪蠄@組火山巖同位素年齡多數(shù)集中于140~160.3 Ma[29-30],比浙江早近25Ma,即福建中生代大規(guī)模的火山活動(dòng)早于浙江。
磨石山群的頂界九里坪組地層時(shí)代也表現(xiàn)為浙南早于浙北和浙東。浙西南青田、蓮都九里坪組年齡為135~125 Ma;而位于浙北鎮(zhèn)海、天臺(tái)地區(qū)九里坪組的年齡分別為117±3 Ma和121.7±3 Ma,浙東平陽(yáng)、永嘉地區(qū)九里坪組的年齡分別為115 Ma和117±3 Ma,即浙南與浙北、浙東大規(guī)?;鹕交顒?dòng)結(jié)束的時(shí)差為4~20 Ma。
全國(guó)地層委員會(huì)2012年發(fā)布的中國(guó)地層年表,將145.0±0.8 Ma作為白堊系與侏羅系的分界,本區(qū)大爽組地層時(shí)代為154.9±5.5 Ma~152±7 Ma,歸屬于上侏羅統(tǒng)基默里奇階,據(jù)此大爽組應(yīng)歸屬為晚侏羅世,即浙江磨石山群火山活動(dòng)始于晚侏羅世。磨石山群的頂界參考永嘉大箬巖九里坪組年齡,應(yīng)不小于115 Ma,隨后進(jìn)入一個(gè)火山—巖漿活動(dòng)低谷期,這個(gè)年齡界線較符合浙江地質(zhì)事實(shí)。
(1)浙江麗水地區(qū)大爽組火山巖年齡為154.9±5.5Ma~152±7 Ma,屬于上侏羅統(tǒng)基默里奇階,推斷磨石山群火山活動(dòng)應(yīng)開(kāi)始于晚侏羅世;高塢組-九里坪組火山巖年齡為139.5~115 Ma,屬早白堊世。
(2)區(qū)域?qū)Ρ妊芯勘砻?,中生代火山活?dòng)在浙江具有從南西向北東遷移的特征。浙西南火山噴發(fā)活動(dòng)始于早侏羅世晚期毛弄組,增強(qiáng)于晚侏羅世大爽組,活動(dòng)高峰期為早白堊世。
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Age assignment of the Moshishan Group volcanic rocks in the Lishui area, Zhejiang Province
WANG Jia-en, LIU Yuan-dong, WANG Jian-guo,WANG Zhen, TAO Li
(Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou 311203, China)
On the basis of regional geological survey and volcanic structure divisions, this study carried out U-Pb dating for zircons from some typical volcanic rocks of Moshishan Group to precisely determine the stratigraphic age of the Mesozoic Moshishan Group volcanic rocks in the Lishui area, Zhejiang Province. The result shows that the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb weighted average age of rhyolitic crystal welded tuffs on the bottom of Dashuang Formation are 154.9±5.5Ma and 152.0±7.0Ma, respectively, indicating that the Dashuang Formation belongs to the Kimmeridgian Stage of late Jurassic. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of 131.6±2.7Ma for rhyolitic crystal welded tuffs of the Gaowu Formation and two weighted ages of 128.6±1.7Ma and 139.5±2.5Ma for the rhyolitic crystal welded tuffs of the Xishantou Formation from two volcanic apparatus. It can be inferred based on the study above that the Dashuang Formation should belong to Late Jurassic while Gaowu, Xishantou, Chawan and Jiuliping Formations to Early Cretaceous.
southern Zhejiang Province; Mesozoic; volcanic rocks; Moshishan Group; age assignment
10.16788/j.hddz.32-1865/P.2016.03.001
2015-10-26改回日期:2016-03-07責(zé)任編輯:譚桂麗
中國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局地質(zhì)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目“浙江省1:50000雙溪等四幅區(qū)調(diào)項(xiàng)目”、“浙江省1:50000杜澤等五幅區(qū)調(diào)項(xiàng)目”(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):1212010011601、12120113065000) 、“浙江省1:250000衢州幅區(qū)調(diào)修測(cè)項(xiàng)目”(項(xiàng)目編號(hào):1212011220549)資助。
王加恩,1971年生,男,高級(jí)工程師,長(zhǎng)期從事區(qū)域地質(zhì)調(diào)查工作。
P539.2
A
2096-1871(2016)03-157-09