胡根生 劉駿 胡小蓮 徐穎 謝偉
ABO血型與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的相關(guān)性研究
胡根生 劉駿 胡小蓮 徐穎 謝偉
目的 探討ABO血型與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的相關(guān)性。方法 選擇2014年1月至2015年1月行頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查的住院患者430例,按頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查結(jié)果分為頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化組258例(觀察組)和頸動(dòng)脈無(wú)粥樣硬化組172例(對(duì)照組),按血型分為O型組(156例)和非O型組(274例),A型組(140例)和非A型組 (290例),分析ABO血型與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 A型組頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化檢出率明顯高于非A型組(P<0.05);A型組總膽固醇(TC)水平和低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)水平明顯高于非A型組(P<0.05);多因素logistic回歸分析顯示,校正傳統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)因素:吸煙、年齡、糖尿病、高血壓后,A型血[OR=1.83,95%CI 1.83(1.31~3.45),P<0.05)]是頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)論 ABO血型與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生密切相關(guān),非O血型容易罹患動(dòng)脈硬化,尤其A血型發(fā)生動(dòng)脈硬化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。
ABO血型 頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化 膽固醇
ABO血型和冠心病的相關(guān)研究已初步揭示了非O血型比O型血有更高的冠心病罹患風(fēng)險(xiǎn),ABO血型在冠心病中的臨床意義已有大量文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,但對(duì)血型與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的相關(guān)性卻報(bào)道不多。本文分析430例行頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查的患者血型與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的關(guān)系,旨在探討ABO血型與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生的相關(guān)性。
1.1 一般資料 選擇2014年1月至2015年1月本院心內(nèi)科住院行頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查的患者430例,男218例,女212例,平均年齡(64.6±11.6)歲。排除嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全、血液疾病、嚴(yán)重感染和惡性腫瘤患者。按頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查結(jié)果分為頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化組258例(觀察組)和無(wú)頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化組172例(對(duì)照組),按血型分為A型組(140例)和非A型組(290例),O型組(156例)和非O型組(274例)。
1.2 方法 所有患者均行頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查,超聲設(shè)備為荷蘭飛利浦iu22彩超。患者平臥位,頭偏向檢查區(qū)對(duì)側(cè)且后仰,必要時(shí)頸部可墊一低枕,選線陣探頭對(duì)頸部動(dòng)脈(包括頸總動(dòng)脈、頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈及頸外動(dòng)脈)進(jìn)行檢查,檢查內(nèi)容包括頸部動(dòng)脈內(nèi)-中膜厚度(IMT)及斑塊形動(dòng)成情況,其內(nèi)-中膜增厚(IMT>1.3mm)和/或斑塊形成(IMT>1.0mm)視為頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化。
1.3 常規(guī)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè) 所有患者早晨6時(shí)空腹抽取靜脈血,檢測(cè)血液生化指標(biāo),包括血脂分析、空腹血糖(FBG)、肌酐(CREA)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、胱抑素C(CysC)、尿酸(UA),測(cè)定血漿纖維蛋白原(Fg),所有指標(biāo)檢測(cè)均按說(shuō)明書(shū)嚴(yán)格操作,檢測(cè)設(shè)備為美國(guó)貝克曼DXC800全自動(dòng)生化分析儀和Sysmex CA7000全自動(dòng)血凝分析儀。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。計(jì)量資料用(±s)表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料以頻數(shù)及百分率表示,用t檢驗(yàn)或卡方檢驗(yàn)。多因素分析采用Logistic回歸分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 不同血型患者的基線資料比較 依據(jù)頸動(dòng)脈超聲檢查結(jié)果確診頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化者258例。A型98例,B型68例,AB型20例,O型72例。A型患者總膽固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平、纖維蛋白原(Fg)及頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化檢出率高于非A型患者(P<0.05),其他指標(biāo)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;O型頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化檢出率低于非O型患者(P=0.003)。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 不同血型患者的基線資料比較(±s)
表1 不同血型患者的基線資料比較(±s)
項(xiàng)目按A血型分組按O血型分組A型組(n=140)非A型組(n=290)P值O型組(n=156)非O型組(n=274)P值年齡(歲)67±1063±120.03164±1265±110.540男性[n(%)]64(45.7)156(53.8)0.24978(50)142(51.8)0.673吸煙[n(%)]22(15.7)52(17.9)0.70524(15.4)50(18.2)0.820飲酒[n(%)]12(8.6)34(11.7)0.63918(11.5)28(10.2)0.708糖尿病[n(%)]32(22.9)44(15.2)0.18810(6.4)66(24.1)0.001高血壓[n(%)]138(22.9)232(80)0.712118(75.6)230(83.9)0.151 CREA(μmol/L)71.7±18.973.1±28.50.71474.8±32.771.3±20.70.341 HCY(μmol/L)16.9±10.815.1±7.10.52414.4±6.616.5±9.40.140 CysC(mg/L)1.29±0.581.45±1.480.3981.52±1.661.33±0.930.326 UA(μmol/L)351.2±86.1 342.9±89.6 0.524338.6±94.3 349.1±85.00.407 TC(mmol/L)4.78±1.074.20±1.170.0034.38±1.224.39±1.090.967 HDL(mmol/L)1.22±0.321.25±0.540.7441.34±0.651.19±0.340.026 LDL-C(mmol/L)2.64±0.912.02±0.960.0022.42±1.012.28±0.900.312 ApoA1(mmol/L)1.43±0.281.45±0.300.7591.47±0.281.43±0.300.359 ApoB(mmol/L)0.80±0.200.79±0.190.6900.80±0.190.80±0.200.997 Fg(g/L)2.84±0.962.34±0.870.0122.85±0.912.78±0.900.652頸動(dòng)脈硬化[n(%)]102(72.9)156(55.9)0.02670(47.4)188(68.6)0.003
2.2 血型和頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的相關(guān)性 A型組頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)病比例高于非A型組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.026);而O型組頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)病比例低于非O型,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.003)(見(jiàn)表1)。單因素logistic回歸分析顯示,與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生相關(guān)的有年齡、糖尿病、吸煙、血型、TC、HDL—C、ApoAI、ApoB、Fg (P<0.05);進(jìn)一步多因素Logistic回歸分析,校正傳統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)因素如年齡、高血壓、糖尿病、吸煙等,ABO血型為頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素,以O(shè)型為對(duì)照,A型(OR=1.78,P=0.001)和AB型(OR=1.82,P=0.002)為頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的危險(xiǎn)因素(見(jiàn)表2)。
表2 頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化危險(xiǎn)因素Logistic回歸分析
ABO血型系統(tǒng)與動(dòng)脈粥樣的相關(guān)性,在上世紀(jì)70年代國(guó)外就有相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,分析認(rèn)為非O型血較O型血人群容易罹患血管栓塞和動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化[1]。大量的前瞻性和回顧性分析以及薈萃分析支持這一論斷并為其內(nèi)在機(jī)制提供了可能的分析[2,3]。Meian He 等[4]通過(guò)兩項(xiàng)前瞻性的隊(duì)列研究證實(shí),ABO血型與冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化密切相關(guān),是冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的危險(xiǎn)因素之一,與O型血比較,非O型血發(fā)生動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高5%~23%,同時(shí)該相關(guān)性仍同樣于排除其他危險(xiǎn)因素或飲食因素后[5,6]。本資料也證實(shí)A血型是頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。
ABO血型與動(dòng)脈硬化間相關(guān)性,動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化是一種慢性炎癥過(guò)程其中起始和進(jìn)展涉及較多細(xì)胞類(lèi)型,如血小板、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、單核細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞和平滑肌細(xì)胞[7]。其表達(dá)在紅細(xì)胞,且在內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞和血小板的表面高度表達(dá)ABO抗原[8]。且血型抗原上的關(guān)鍵受體控制細(xì)胞增殖、粘附及運(yùn)動(dòng)[9]。最近的基因研究為ABO血型與心血管疾病的關(guān)系提供了進(jìn)一步的支持,染色體9q34上的三個(gè)等位基因(A,B和O)控制人類(lèi)的ABO血型系統(tǒng),其編碼糖基轉(zhuǎn)移酶具有不同底物特異性,并確定血型。從一系列全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),ABO基因還與血漿可溶性細(xì)胞間關(guān)聯(lián)如粘附分子-1,可溶性選擇素P,水溶性選擇素E及血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶,此外,ABO血型存在與α腫瘤壞死因子相關(guān)基因位點(diǎn),其可以介導(dǎo)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞活化增加粘附分子的表達(dá),包括細(xì)胞間粘附分子-1,血管細(xì)胞粘附分子-1和選擇素E。所有這些炎性標(biāo)志物均有增加動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[10,11]。另外,對(duì)于血漿中血管性假血友病因子(VWF)水平,非O型血較O型血的人高約25%[12]。而VWF水平的升高已被證實(shí)是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的危險(xiǎn)因素,在介導(dǎo)血小板粘附至血管壁,止血及血栓的形成過(guò)程中,VWF均起著重要作用,尤其是在高剪切應(yīng)力情況下,這種作用更明顯,同時(shí)同纖維蛋白原一起,VWF還參與血小板聚集,并在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成過(guò)程中扮演重要角色[13,14]。
最近的基因研究證實(shí)染色體9q34遺傳控制人類(lèi)的ABO血型系統(tǒng),而這一位點(diǎn)也是膽固醇平衡基因ABCA2所在處,研究顯示膽固醇水平在非O型血型人群中較高,A型血人群中膽固醇及低密度脂蛋白水平更高[15]。而本資料結(jié)果顯示,A型較非A型人群總膽固醇和LDL的水平更高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
綜上所述,ABO血型與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化存在密切相關(guān)性,非O型血容易罹患動(dòng)脈硬化,尤其A型血發(fā)生動(dòng)脈硬化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高,多元logistic回歸證實(shí)A型血是頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,但由于本次樣本量較小,以后還需要以大樣本前瞻性研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)這些調(diào)查結(jié)果及ABO血型與頸動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的潛在機(jī)制。
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Objective To investigate the relationships between the ABO blood types and carotid atherosclerosis. Methods From January 2014 to January 2015 in the Department of Cardiology,430 patients with carotid ultrasound from the fi rst People's Hospital of Wuhu City Hospital were recruited in this study,they were divided into the carotid atherosclerosis group (258 cases) and neck No artery atherosclerosis group (control group,172 cases),also they were divided into O-type group (156 cases) and non-O-group (274 cases),A-type group (140 cases) and non-A type group (290 cases ),according to their blood type, the relationship between ABO blood group and carotid atherosclerosis were analyzed. Results The carotid atherosclerosis detection rate of was signifi cantly higher in A blood type group than non-A type group(P<0.05);in A blood type group,the total cholesterol ( TC) levels and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were signifi cantly higher than none-A-blood type group(P<0.05);Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the correction of traditional risk factors:smoking,age,diabetes,high blood pressure later,A blood type (OR=1.83,95% CI1.83(1.31~3.45),P<0.05) were carotid atherosclerosis independent risk factors. Conclusion ABO blood type group and carotid atherosclerosis are closely related, the non-O blood type people is easier to suffer from arteriosclerosis,particularly blood type A people have a higher risk of arteriosclerosis.
ABO blood type Carotid atherosclerosis Cholesterol
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