陳弘磊 王偉? 李芳瓊 劉琴 趙桂枝
miR-21 miR-205聯(lián)合檢測對非小細胞肺癌的診斷價值
陳弘磊 王偉? 李芳瓊 劉琴 趙桂枝
目的 探討聯(lián)合檢測血液中microRNA-205(miR-205)和microRNA-21(miR-21)對非小細胞肺癌的診斷價值。方法 收集27例非小細胞肺癌患者術(shù)前及術(shù)后血清,并收集29例健康志愿者血清作為對照。應(yīng)用實時熒光定量PCR 法檢測以上標本中miR-205和miR-21 的表達水平,并分析其與臨床病理特征的相關(guān)性,評估m(xù)iR-205和miR-21聯(lián)合檢測對非小細胞肺癌的診斷價值。結(jié)果 非小細胞肺癌患者術(shù)前血清中miR-205和miR-21的表達水平均高于健康人群(P< 0.05),其中23例非小細胞肺癌患者術(shù)后血清中miR-205的表達水平較術(shù)前明顯降低(P<0.01),術(shù)前與術(shù)后miR-21表達水平無顯著性差異(P>0.05)。而術(shù)前血漿中miR-205和miR-21的表達水平與患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及Dukes分期存在相關(guān)性(P<0.05)。miR-205和miR-21 的受試者(ROC)曲線下面積為0.968,非小細胞肺癌患者和健康人群的敏感度和特異度分別為96.3%和89.7%。結(jié)論 血清miR-205和miR-21作為新的生物學指標,兩者聯(lián)合檢測對非小細胞肺癌的診斷和預(yù)后監(jiān)測有一定價值。
非小細胞肺癌 miR-21 miR-205 聯(lián)合檢測
肺癌是一種全球范圍內(nèi)常見的癌癥,出現(xiàn)臨床表現(xiàn)時已經(jīng)是晚期,故有較高的致死率[1]。約75%的肺癌患者在確診時已經(jīng)是晚期或癌細胞已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移,因此肺癌患者5年生存率<15%[2]。miRNA在血清/血漿中可以穩(wěn)定存在,表達量不受各種保存條件、保存時間的影響;且miRNA的表達無年齡、性別差異,具有腫瘤特異性[3]。因此,血清/血漿中miRNAs可能成為一種新的非侵入性腫瘤標志物。2013年10月至2015年至5月作者通過實驗研究,探討聯(lián)合檢測血液中miR-205、miR-21對非小細胞肺癌的診斷價值。
1.1 樣本 采集EDTA抗凝血漿樣本,健康對照組29例,男15例,女14例;年齡(46.3±11.2)歲。肺癌組27例,男16例,女11例;年齡(49.6±9.7)歲。病理診斷均為非小細胞肺癌,術(shù)前均未進行過化療、放療,1例術(shù)后脫落。肺癌患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后3d分別采集血漿。
1.2 試劑及儀器 血漿miRNA提取采用miRcute miRNA Isolation Kit。反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒采用TaqMan? MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit。探針由自行設(shè)計并合成;反轉(zhuǎn)錄莖環(huán)引物、PCR擴增引物由自行設(shè)計合成。cel-miR-39購自QIAGEN。BioRad CFX實時熒光定量PCR儀。
1.3 血漿miRNA的提取及cDNA制備 使用miRcute miRNA Isolation Kit提取血漿miRNA,使用TaqMan? MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA。
1.4 PCR反應(yīng) miRNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA后,按照下面組分進行PCR反應(yīng)。循環(huán)參數(shù)設(shè)置:95℃10min預(yù)變性,然后95℃15s 和60℃1min退火延伸40個循環(huán)。熒光通道檢測選擇FAM。單點熒光檢測在60℃。反應(yīng)體系為20μl,包括檢測試劑混合液(18.5μl)、DSC-Taq DNA聚合酶(0.2μl)、cDNA(1.3μl)。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學方法 采用SPSS軟件。計算術(shù)前術(shù)后ΔmiR-21、ΔmiR-205的差值xi=Ct(術(shù)后ΔmiRNA)-Ct(術(shù)前ΔmiRNA),然后計算差值的平均數(shù)和標準差,并計算T0,并查表得t0.05。若T0<t0.05,則術(shù)前術(shù)后無顯著差異;若T0>t0.05,則術(shù)前術(shù)后差異顯著。
2.1 肺癌組術(shù)前與術(shù)后miR-21、miR-205檢測結(jié)果比較 miR-21術(shù)后與術(shù)前比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,miR-205術(shù)后與術(shù)前比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。見圖1、圖2、表1。
2.2 兩組術(shù)前、術(shù)后miR-21、miR-205比較 兩組術(shù)前比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P< 0.01),可用于肺癌的判定;而兩組術(shù)后比較,miR-21差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,miR-205差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。見表2。
圖1 miR-21在術(shù)前與術(shù)后的表達差異
圖2 miR-205在術(shù)前與術(shù)后的表達差異
表1 肺癌組術(shù)前與術(shù)后miR-21、miR-205比較
表2 miR-21、miR-205與正常健康組t-test結(jié)果比較
2.3 ROC曲線和cut-off值 從圖3及表3中可知,曲線下面積為0.968,表明miR-21和miR-205聯(lián)檢對肺癌的判別有意義(P<0.001)。根據(jù)ROC曲線坐標,選擇敏感度+特異性最大值-1.435作為cut-off值,此時靈敏度為0.963,特異性為0.897。比較Ct計算公式為:Ct(-ΔmiR-21)×0.578 + Ct(-ΔmiR-205)×0.550,若比較Ct > -1.435,則為肺癌;比較Ct < -1.435,則為健康。
圖3 ΔmiR-21、-ΔmiR-205ROC曲線
表3 曲線下面積
微小RNA(miRNAs)是一類核苷酸序列高度保守、長度為21~23nt的非編碼單鏈RNA,主要參與轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平的基因調(diào)控,介導(dǎo)基因沉默。人類miRNA編碼基因有700多個結(jié)合位點,而將近1/3基因的表達調(diào)控均有miRNA的參與,涉及細胞分化、增殖與凋亡等生命活動的多個進程。miRNA的表達異常能夠引發(fā)多種疾病,甚至導(dǎo)致腫瘤的發(fā)生[4]。研究表明,大量的miRNA位于與腫瘤相關(guān)的基因區(qū)、雜合性丟失區(qū)與擴增區(qū)[5],且在較多惡性腫瘤(如肺癌、肝癌、結(jié)腸癌、卵巢癌等)組織中均有異常表達,提示腫瘤發(fā)生可能與miRNA有密切關(guān)聯(lián)[6]。
miR-21是miRNA家族中成員之一,成熟的miR-21主要通過與靶mRNA的3'UTP完全或不完全的特異性配對從而影響mRNA的降解,或通過與靶mRNA序列互不配對結(jié)合而阻斷其翻譯過程,最終在轉(zhuǎn)錄后水平上調(diào)控基因表達[7]。進而調(diào)節(jié)一系列機體重要的生理過程,包括細胞的增殖、分化與凋亡等。近年來對miR-21與腫瘤的大量研究表明,miR-21在多種腫瘤組織中均有異常表達,典型的有肺癌、胃癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌等[8];研究顯示miR-21擁有抗凋亡作用,相當于癌基因功能。有研究表明,在非小細胞肺癌患者的血清中,miR-146b、miR-221、let-7a、miR-155、miR-17-5p、miR-27a、miR-106a的表達量顯著下降,而miR-29c的表達量則顯著升高[9]。miR-21、miR-210在NSCLC表達譜中通常表現(xiàn)為顯著下調(diào)[10]。Wang 等[11]認為,與健康組比較,非小細胞肺癌患者血清中的miR-21顯著提高。miR-21的高表達水平和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及淋巴結(jié)分期相關(guān)。
miR-205是miRNA家族中與腫瘤發(fā)生密切相關(guān)的另一成員,核苷酸序列高度保守,位于人第一號染色體LOC642587位點第二內(nèi)含子中[12]。miR-205在各種腫瘤中的表達水平并不一致,有研究報道,在前列腺癌和乳腺癌等腫瘤組織中miR-205表達明顯下降[13],而在肺癌組織中表達顯著上調(diào)。Markou等應(yīng)用PCR技術(shù)對非小細胞肺癌患者研究中,檢測到腫瘤細胞中miR-205高表達,但表達量與生存率無關(guān)[14]。
本資料結(jié)果表明,非小細胞肺癌患者術(shù)前miR-21、miR-205均明顯升高,采用ROC曲線評估,當cut-off值取-1.435時,靈敏度為96.3%,特異性為89.7%,具有極其良好的對臨床非小細胞肺癌的診斷價值。 肺癌患者術(shù)前與術(shù)后血漿miR-21差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,而miR-205差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,肺癌患者術(shù)前與術(shù)后miR-21與對照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,而miR-205術(shù)前差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,術(shù)后差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。表明血漿miR-21在肺癌術(shù)后3d并未立即下降,而miR-205則會立即下降至正常水平,因此miR-205可能為非小細胞肺癌的一個相關(guān)的腫瘤指標,可能比其他miR更加靈敏地反映腫瘤的變化。綜上所述,聯(lián)合檢測miR-21、miR205能更有效提高非小細胞肺癌的檢出率,為術(shù)后的治療效果提供更可靠的依據(jù),有望為腫瘤診斷、治療及預(yù)后過程提供一種新方法。
1 Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, et al. Cancer statistics,2010. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 2010, 60(5): 277~300.
2 Aberle DR, Berg CD, Black WC, et al. The National Lung Screening Trial: overview and study design. Radiology ,2011,258:243~253.
3 Heegaard N H H, Schetter A J, Welsh J A, et al. Circulating micro-RNA expression profiles in early stage nonsmall cell lung cancer. International Journal of Cancer, 2012, 130(6): 1378~1386.
4 SM H. MicroRNAs as oncogenes. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 2006, 16:103~105.
5 Calin G A.Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004,101(9): 2999~3004.
6 Chen X, Ba Y, Ma L, et al. Characterization of microRNAs in serum: a novel class of biomarkers for diagnosis of cancer and other diseases.Cell research,2008,18(10): 997~1006.
7 Volinia S. A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006,103(7): 2257~2261.
8 Lui W O. Patterns of known and novel small RNAS in human cervical cancer. Cancer Research, 2010,67:671~675.
9 Yu L, Todd N W, Xing L, et al. Early detection of lung adenocarcinoma in sputum by a panel of microRNA markers. International Journal of Cancer, 2010, 127(12): 2870~2878.
10 Chen X, Hu Z, Wang W, et al. Identification of ten serum microRNAs from a genome-wide serum microRNA expression profile as novel noninvasive biomarkers for nonsmall cell lung cancer diagnosis. International Journal of Cancer, 2012, 130(7): 1620~1628.
11 Wang Z X, Bian H B, Wang J R, et al. Prognostic significance of serum miRNA-21 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of surgical oncology, 2011, 104(7): 847~851.
12 Landgraf P. A mammalian microRNA expression atlas based on small RNA library sequencing. Cell, 2007,129(7): 1401~1414.
13 Majid S.MicroRNA-205-directed transcriptional activation of tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer. Cancer, 2010,116(24):5637~5649.
14 Athina Markou, Emily GTsaroucha, Loukas Kaklamanis,et al.Prognostic value of mature microRNA-21 and microRNA-205 overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Clinical Chemistry, 2008, 54(10): 1696~1704.
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of plasma microRNA-205(miR-205)and microRNA-21(miR-21) in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Methods The preoperative plasma specimens from 29 patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and their postoperative (at day 7 after operation) plasma specimens (only 26 cases among them) were collected. At the same time,the plasma specimens from 33 healthy volunteers were used as the controls. The expression of miR-205 and miR-21 in these samples was measured by real-time fl uorescence quantitative-PCR,and its relationship with the clinical characteristics of patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer was analyzed. Results The expression level of miR-205 and miR-21 in preoperative plasma from the patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer was higher than that from healthy volunteers (P<0.05). As compared with the preoperative plasma,the expression of miR-205 in postoperative plasma from 23 cases was decreased remarkably (P<0.01).however,the expression level of miR-21 in postoperative plasma group and preoperative plasma group didn't signifi cantly differ (P>0.05). The expression of miR-205 and miR-21 in preoperative plasma had a signifi cant impact on lymphatic metastasis and Duke's stage (P<0.05). For discriminating Non-small Cell Lung Cancer patients from healthy volunteers,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.968,and the sensitivity and specifi city were 96.3% and 89.7%,respectively. Conclusion Plasma miR-205 and miR-21,as new biomarkers,the combined detection of them may help the diagnosis of non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer MicroRNAs Diagnosis Plasma MicroRNA-205 MicroRNA-21
·基礎(chǔ)研究·
浙江省公益技術(shù)研究社會發(fā)展項目(2013C33199)
310000 浙江中醫(yī)藥大學(陳弘磊)
310012 浙江省立同德醫(yī)院(王偉 李芳瓊 劉琴趙桂枝)