Viewshed analysis based Intercultural Business English Skills

【Abstract】Business English has a strong practical， professional， which can promote business cooperation between the two sides， exchange， has an important significance in the business trade，and because business English， compared with ordinary English， more professional， for business communication， often have their own characteristics， which in ordinary English， are difficult to embody. This has led to progress in Business English Translation prone to errors. Therefore， in business English translation in business English needs to understand the characteristics of translation master certain skills， so as to ensure the correctness of translation. This study of Business English translation skills Intercultural sight.

【Key words】Cross-cultural； Business English； Translation skills

Business English as an international business transactions conducted between the language used， including many aspects of international economy and trade， finance， accounting and advertising， that is to say， business English professional characteristics involving a wide range. Business English research content is also more complex， which requires the translator must not only have a good basic knowledge of the English language， but also has a background related cultural knowledge. That business English translators should have the other requirements of culture， the only way to allow the two parties to overcome obstacles in business contacts and business communication exists， and then the smooth realization of trade.

Ⅰ. Intercultural Communication and Business English Translation

Business activities and commercial trade is essentially communicative behavior， communication and language and communication are inseparable. Language itself is the carrier of culture， determines the language of the communication process is bound to face all types of collision and exchange between different cultures exist， and this is communication between the two common cultural barriers. Now English developed into an international language， but because of the difference between the national culture and language environment， especially restricted life and customs of different ideas， requiring translators to deal with business activities in a comprehensive consideration of the above difference， combined with the actual situation， the cultural differences at the heart of the position to be considered. In the translation process not only to the cultural identity of the nation were concerned， but also concerned about the semantics itself， by mastering the corresponding translation techniques to achieve smooth translation of cultural information as the basis.

Business English itself involved in a wide range of expertise， style， language use way too many different stylistic focus itself there are also differences. This requires business English translation translation from two aspects， one is made of semantic information equivalent translation， the second is made of cultural information and other communication. Business English translation between different countries requires a high level of cultural information isnt the other， the different cultural implication in the language， which requires the translator must master the English-speaking countries as reflected in different languages and cultures， based on respect for language and culture on the realization conversion valid information， thus contributing to the smooth implementation of the behavior of business contacts. Such as black tea should be translated as black tea； Hedy should be translated into the Seven-up. “Propaganda” in Chinese vocabulary as neutral presence， appraise distinction itself does not exist， but in business English， will have to distinguish between different locales， if the word translated directly to its propaganda， it will lead to the other side of misunderstanding， this is due to the propaganda often contain derogatory tendency， the main meaning is “spoofed” or persuasive advocacy. Another example is the Nike sports series in the United States as one of the brand， in most Westerners to understand the meaning of the Nike lucky， victory in the Chinese translation of the word pronunciation if directly based translation occurs “Nai Ji” the results， which translate the results will not make people aware of the advantageous features of the brand has occasionally dont know the meaning of the case even occur， so that the two cultures can communicate effectively starting level， you can translate the word as“Nike”， which is due to wear Nike and strong intention will have meaning， it will show the advantages famous brand. Another example is the Coca Cola as a drink's name， to translate it into Coca-Cola， not only to maintain its original syllable， while also being able to make the words sound can be very vivid. Business English translation， the above cultural differences do exist to deal with the reasonable certainty， and thus enhance the accessibility of the language has.

Ⅱ. Effect of Cultural Psychology of Business English Translation

1. Effect of Cultural Psychology of Business English Translation

Different cultures， so that people will have the same objective things or phenomena produce different value judgments. And this kind of value judgment for the nation transformed common cultural psychology， it is likely to rise from the underlying psychological activities common behavioral norms of a society， its social workers constraint behavior. For example， the English word bourgeois， Western society people the impression that the middle finger is being well-educated， decent jobs and higher income middle class， while in Chinese society， it means it is against the exploitation of working people live in assets classes and strata， ironically pejorative meaning； and as “force majeure （force majeure），” the word in the different legal traditions， the connotation and denotation of the word are different and resilient， in common law generally refers to a natural disasters or accidents caused by the war， but in the mainland legal system also includes socio-economic situation or due to changes in national policies arising from unforeseen risk factors. This means that in countries with different legal systems and to reach a contract agreement and the use of “force majeure” this term， the translator should explain the meaning of “force majeure”， and clearly define the scope of this term covere.

2. Impact way of thinking for business English translation

Way of thinking is the communication bridge between culture and language. People in different cultures approach things angles， in different ways， which is not the same way of thinking. Caused by a different way of thinking precisely because language differences. Different ways of thinking and Western in Business English is reflected in the business English vocabulary. Business English often use some rather vague connotation nouns， adverbs and adjectives like. Meaning of such words in the abstract， generalization， general， meaning the broader category； while Chinese are more inclined to use more specific within the meaning of the generic table. For example： The financing of the sale often involves bills of exchange and documentary credits. Loans receipts and expenditures， commodity trading is reflected in the draft or documentary credit. In the course of the loan payment in business English， it will be directly related to the documentary credit operations. Thus， when the term of the above examples financing translated into Chinese， can not simply be translated into financing should be more specific， translated into “Loan payment situation.” Another example： No wonder the multinational corporations have been growing fantastically and now dominate many sections ofthe international market no wonder multinationals has been developing at an alarming rate and control many areas of international markets.

3. Effect of customs and traditions of business English translation

Different regions have a particular tradition fashion， manners， habits， and these are the people should abide by the decision of behavioral patterns or norms. Western tendency to clear and direct communication， clear and concise when speaking. Therefore， do business English translation should be to ensure that the translation reflect polite， convey the same functionality as the original. For example， Business English You， Chinese can be translated as， “You， your side” and expressed honorific vocabulary. In addition， for the same color， at customs different backgrounds， will produce a different understanding. For example， on behalf of melancholy blue in English， but in Chinese and depression does not have any contact. World-renowned brand Bluebird cars in English with Blue Bird as a car trademark. blue bird belongs to a bluebird in North America， its cultural connotation is happy and peaceful. Therefore， in the English-speaking countries， Blue Bird brand cars， representing more sustenance for the family to send good wishes of happiness. If translated into sad bird car， on the connotation of the original expression of the vastly different. In particular cultural background， many cases can not literal. For example， blue blood intended for the aristocratic， distinguished identity， can not be literally translated as blue blood.

Ⅲ. Features of Business English language and the corresponding translation skills

1. The precise and rigorous terms

Under normal circumstances， the pursuit of business English words precisely， so as to ensure communication between trade and business activities can be implemented smoothly without obstacles appear. Any errors that may occur party losses. This determines in most cases， there will be a single meaning of the words chosen more flexibility substitute common words， such as with grant instead of give. Business letters often exist with synonyms overlapping manner to ensure that the words that have the rigor and accuracy.For example， losses and damage translated as “l(fā)ost.” Because of business English vocabulary has such characteristics in determining the proper translation should pay attention to the wording of rigor and accuracy， usually meaning of the word which is closely linked to the context of the language and culture and so， That different contexts will have different lexical meaning， which determines the accuracy of the translation should pay attention to word choice and rigor， as with acquaint instead be familiarwith. Further information can be the source language into the target language faithfully language information， the two sides can promote the smooth exchange.

2. The introduction of professional and semi-professional vocabulary vocabulary

Some Business English vocabulary is evolve from common words come， which determines these common words in English in the performance of the business means that special， such as balance as general vocabulary to express is “balanced”， but in the business English vocabulary as a special application of the expression is， “or the difference between the balance.” Similarly there accept， expressed their common vocabulary is “accepted”， the expression in business English is “acceptance”； interest in the common vocabulary is expressed “interest”， Business English is “interest”. Business use of English itself determine its belonging to specialized vocabulary of applications that require precise translation must be done. Translator should have possessed specialized vocabulary usage， should the concept of business English terminology and accurate translation， etc. Remember， the English technical terms and the corresponding Chinese meaning maintain a consistent， avoid arbitrary change in translation means transactions lead to misunderstandings. In the business correspondence and negotiation process， the translator should pay attention to the use of jargon， avoid using words appear unreasonable and lead to ambiguity.

3. Extensive use of acronyms

There are a lot of Business English Abbreviations， acronyms use played a role concise， can effectively save time and reduce the possibility of a clear letter of misunderstanding between the two sides. Business English frequently used abbreviations such as FOB， free on board FOB； FOC， free of charge free.

Due to the extensive use of acronyms in the translation should pay more attention to these abbreviations have the Chinese meaning， that business English translators should have a lot of acronyms， abbreviations and ensure their grasp correct full name， at the same time be able to Chinese translation of the exact meaning. If the Chinese translation into English， we should try to use the form of acronyms， such as the emergence FOB price should be translated into the FOB， the only way to maintain the proper translation of clear， concise and accurate.

Ⅳ. Business English sentence translation skills

Business English translation of commonly used sentences translation techniques including cis， trans translation， rotation and translation synthesis method and the like. Shun is a translation of the article emphasizes the original order to be translate， if the original sentence is a statement of the form， but also with a series of verbs， you need these verbs appear in the order to organize the translation， which Chinese expressions and language is similar. Negation emphasized that Chinese and English language as two different systems exist， under normal circumstances， the English language in front of the center of gravity， the center of gravity of Chinese language is the opposite. In addition， English is a comprehensive language while Chinese is the language analysis， which determines in business English translation in applicable anti-translation. For example， some words are often in the form of expression through affirmative negative implications， such as the common lack， deny Example： She is beyond his power to sign such a contract PRESIDENT： She has no power endorsement contract.

Turn translation of the application， because in business dealings， the parties based on respect and politeness principles， which determines the business English in the translation process will be applied more passive sentences， to achieve the purpose tactful communication. Such expressions and Chinese language has a great difference， that is， for the time Business English passive sentences during translation in Chinese language and customs to be the basis to determine a reasonable way of expression. Example： Shipment can be made by sea or land PRESIDENT： You can use maritime transport and land transport in two ways.

Application integration method， because in international business dealings， there is a complex sentence structure， these complex structure contains a lot of information， and therefore the application of skills require by the sentence reasonably translated. It emphasized that the application for complex business English translation， should be based on the actual situation， to determine the relationship between sentences trunk and modifiers， but also to determine the relationship between different words modified， and then through more flexible Comprehensive Method methods sentence processing. Comprehensive method in the application process， not only to correctly reproduce the meaning of the source language， but should also ensure that the translated sentence fluent.

From the level of language features， the English language as one integrate， more concerned about its own rigorous structure， but it is as an analysis of the Chinese language existed， which determines the Chinese concern is to convey meaning， and thus better than English loose. Business English translation， the translator should be the basis of ensuring the structural integrity of the sentence， we should convey to the meaning of translation as the main criterion.

Ⅴ. Conclusion

Due to the difference between Chinese and English that exist， it is decide the proper business English translation accuracy will need to build on the basis of language and cultural understanding between the two sides on the need to grasp the full range of commercial transactions involving professional vocabulary should have business English vocabulary related proprietary knowledge. Thus effectively ensure business English shall reflect the accuracy of the translation process.

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Author introduction： YueHong（1978-）， female， Shehong sichuan， master of laws， lecturer， student affairs office deputy director of the North Sichuan Preschool Educators College The research direction： Children's English teaching research and English professional translation skills， etc.