屠呦呦獲諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

屠呦呦成為首位獲得諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)公民，讓國(guó)人感到自豪。然而輿論卻并不是一面倒的贊譽(yù)。有些人質(zhì)疑獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)只頒發(fā)給屠呦呦一人，這對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)其他成員是否公平呢？顯然，屠呦呦獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)議折射出了中西方評(píng)獎(jiǎng)的文化沖突。

Tu Youyou， an 84-year-old woman scientist， became the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct. 5， 2015. While the news has made the Chinese people have national pride， it has also highlighted1 differences in prize-awarding practices between China and the world.

2015年10月5日，84歲的女科學(xué)家屠呦呦成為第一位獲得諾貝爾科學(xué)類(lèi)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的中國(guó)公民。她獲獎(jiǎng)的消息讓中國(guó)人充滿了民族自豪感，也將中外評(píng)獎(jiǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的差異推向了輿論的中心。

Tu， a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine， shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan for unlocking revolutionary2 treatments for parasitic3 diseases. Campbell and Omura were honored for their treatment used to against roundworms， while Tu came up with a new drug for malaria4.

屠呦呦，中國(guó)中醫(yī)科學(xué)院（China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine）研究員，同愛(ài)爾蘭科學(xué)家威廉·坎貝爾和日本科學(xué)家大村智一起獲得了2015年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，以表彰他們?cè)诩纳x(chóng)疾病治療研究方面取得的開(kāi)創(chuàng)性成就。坎貝爾和大村發(fā)現(xiàn)了有效治療線蟲(chóng)的藥物，而屠呦呦則創(chuàng)制了新型抗瘧疾藥物。

Tu conducted research in the 1970s that led to the discovery of artemisinin5， a drug that has considerably6 cut the number of malaria deaths and saved millions of lives. The treatment is based on a herb7 used in Chinese traditional medicine， called sweet wormwood8. Artemisinin-based drugs are now the standard treatment for malaria.

20世紀(jì)70年代，屠呦呦就開(kāi)始進(jìn)行（抗瘧疾藥物）研究，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素。青蒿素大幅度地降低了瘧疾患者的死亡率，拯救了千百萬(wàn)人的生命。這種瘧疾療法是由中醫(yī)草藥——青蒿而來(lái)。目前，使用青蒿素復(fù)方藥物已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)療法。

When news broke that Tu was being awarded the prize， there were cheers as well as doubts. Some said the achievement was the result of collective efforts by lots of Chinese scientists， so it is unfair to award the prize only to Tu， China Youth Daily reported.

當(dāng)屠呦呦獲獎(jiǎng)的消息被報(bào)道后，有人歡呼，也有人質(zhì)疑?！吨袊?guó)青年報(bào)》報(bào)道：有人認(rèn)為青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是大批中國(guó)科學(xué)家集體努力的成果，而諾獎(jiǎng)卻只頒給了屠呦呦，這顯然不公平。

Indeed， domestic9 science awards are mainly presented to projects， instead of individual10 scientists， the newspaper pointed out.

該報(bào)還指出：國(guó)內(nèi)的科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)確實(shí)主要都是頒給科研項(xiàng)目而非科學(xué)家個(gè)人。

But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method， said Li Zhenzhen， a researcher with the China Academy of Sciences. “The West believes that the progress of science originates11 from individuals creative minds，” added Li.

中國(guó)科學(xué)院（China Academy of Sciences）研究員李真真告訴記者，西方獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)更傾向于將榮譽(yù)授予第一個(gè)提出某個(gè)新理念或新方法的科學(xué)家。李真真還補(bǔ)充道：“西方科學(xué)界認(rèn)為科學(xué)的進(jìn)步緣起于個(gè)人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性思想?！?/p>

Tu got the award for three “firsts”. She was the first to bring artemisinin to her project team， the first to extract12 a form of artemisinin that can altogether inhibit13 malaria， and the first to complete a clinical trial14， according to Zhang Boli， director of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

屠呦呦獲獎(jiǎng)因?yàn)樗娜齻€(gè)“第一”。中國(guó)中醫(yī)科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)張伯禮院士說(shuō)，屠呦呦是第一個(gè)把青蒿素帶到項(xiàng)目組的人；她也第一個(gè)提取出有100%抑制力的青蒿素；她還是第一個(gè)做臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)的人。

“Awarding prizes to scientists with creative ideas is the source of national innovation15，” Li suggested. “The key is to create fair rules to find the most convincing16 person.”

李真真認(rèn)為：“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)提出原創(chuàng)思想的科學(xué)家才是國(guó)家創(chuàng)新的源泉，關(guān)鍵是設(shè)定合理規(guī)則選出讓人信服的那一個(gè)人?！?/p>