形容詞作狀語的用法

朱海霞

形容詞除了可以作定語、表語或補(bǔ)語外，還可以在句中作狀語，具有副詞的功能。形容詞作狀語使用時(shí)，一般用逗號(hào)將其與句子的其余部分隔開。這種狀語可位于句首、句末或句中。現(xiàn)將形容詞（組）作狀語的用法分述如下。

1. 形容詞或形容詞短語作狀語，表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。如：

Angry at the girl oversleeping， Mr. Green went down to wake her up. （=Mr. Green went down to wake up the girl because he was angry with her for oversleeping.） 格林先生下去叫醒她，是因?yàn)樗^了頭惹惱了他。

Easy to be with， he is warmly welcomed. （=Because he is easy to be with， he is warmly welcomed.） 因?yàn)槠揭捉耍运艿綗崃覛g迎。

2. 形容詞或形容詞短語作狀語，可表示行為方式或伴隨狀況。如：

Crusoe stared at the footprint， full of fear. （=Crusoe stared at it and was full of fear.） 克魯索兩眼死盯著腳印看，內(nèi)心里充滿著恐懼。

Overjoyed， they rushed to the front. 他們非常高興，急步跑到前面。

The thief hid himself in the corner， afraid of being caught. 小偷躲在角落里，擔(dān)心被人抓住。

3. 形容詞或形容詞短語作狀語，可表示時(shí)間或條件。如：

Ripe， these grapes are sweet. （=When these grapes are ripe， they are sweet.） 這些葡萄在熟了的時(shí)候是很甜的。

Glad， I sing an English song. （=When I am glad， I sing an English song.） 我高興的時(shí)候，就唱一首英語歌。

4. 形容詞或形容詞短語可以作狀語，表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。這種狀語常由連詞or連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列形容詞構(gòu)成。如：

Wet or fine， he got up at six and took a walk in the park. （=Whether it was wet or fine， he got up at six and took a walk in the park.） 不管是晴天還是下雨天，他總是六點(diǎn)鐘起床，并到公園里散散步。

Old or young， the peasants are busy with autumn harvest. 農(nóng)民們不論老少都在忙于秋收。

Every nation， big or small， should be equal. 每個(gè)國家無論大小，都應(yīng)一律平等。

5. 形容詞或形容詞短語作狀語，可表示結(jié)果或存在的狀態(tài)。如：

They broke into the uncles bedroom and found the man lying on the floor， dead. 他們強(qiáng)行沖進(jìn)叔叔的臥室，發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)人躺在地板上，已經(jīng)死了。

One woman was lying in bed， awake， listening to the rushing winds. 一位婦女躺在床上，沒有睡著，靜聽著那急急的風(fēng)聲。

Tom reached home at last， tired and hungry. 湯姆終于回到家了，他又累又餓。

He came back， safe and sound. 他安然無恙地回來了。

On my way home， I saw a middle-aged man lying by the roadside， blind very drunk. 在我回家的途中，我看到一個(gè)中年男子躺在路邊，爛醉如泥。

Scared and cold， the Time Traveller starts back towards the present. 又怕又冷，時(shí)光旅游者踏上了回到現(xiàn)在的旅程。

6. 形容詞或形容詞短語作狀語，用作評(píng)注性狀語，表示說話人的看法、態(tài)度和評(píng)價(jià)。如：

Worse still， the lion could even carry off the baby its mouth. 更糟糕的是，獅子甚至能把嬰兒叼走。

Curious， the game should turn out that way. 真奇怪，比賽結(jié)果是那樣的。

Modest and easy-going， he soon put everyone at ease. 他謙遜、開朗，使大家很快就一點(diǎn)也不緊張了。

比較：形容詞與分詞作狀語的關(guān)系。

1. 形容詞做原因狀語，有無being區(qū)別不大。如：

Being poor， he couldnt afford a TV set. （現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語）

Poor， he couldnt afford a TV set. （形容詞作原因狀語）

Being ill， I stayed at home. （現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語）

Ill， I stayed at home. （形容詞作原因狀語）

但過去分詞做原因狀語時(shí)不可加being表示狀態(tài)，加being表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：

Made of glass， the cup is fragile.

Caught in the rain， he got wet all over.

Lost in thought， he almost ran into the car in front.

Being interviewedby the reporters， the manager has no time to see you.

2. 形容詞做時(shí)間狀語， 不可以加being。

Ripe，these apples are sweet. 這種蘋果熟了時(shí)很甜。

You had better eat vegetablesfresh. （=when they are fresh，不可用being fresh）

The fruits cant be eaten raw （生的）. （=when they raw， 不可用being raw）

3. 做伴隨狀語時(shí)，形容詞和過去分詞（其實(shí)他們已經(jīng)形容詞化了）可以互換。但均不可加being。如：

He got home late that night， hungry and tired.

After his journey from abroad， Richard Jones returned home， worn out.

4. 做方式狀語時(shí)，不可以加being。但他們可以加-ly。

①Brave and strong， the activists talked to workers outside the factory.

Bravely and strongly， the activists talked to workers outside the factory.

②Nervous， she tore open the letter.

Nervously， she tore open the letter.

③Helpless， we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.

Helplessly， we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes.

形容詞除了作原因狀語，其他情況下一般不加being。而過去分詞表示狀態(tài)時(shí)一般也不加being（除非表示“正在被……”）

[練習(xí)]

1. After the long journey， the three of the went back home， ______.

A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired

C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired

2. After his journey from abroad， Richard Jones returned home， ______.

A. exhausting B. exhausted

B. having been exhausted D. having exhausted

3. _____ with a difficult situation， Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.

A. To face B. Having faced

C. Faced D. Facing

4. _____ in the mountains for a week， the two students were finally saved by the local police.

A. Having lost B. Lost

C. Being lost D. Losing

5. _____ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed B. To dress

C. Dressing D. Having dressed

6. _____ and happy， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

A. Surprising

B. Surprised

C. Being surprised

D. To be surprised