短流程廢水處理工藝及成套裝備研制與產(chǎn)業(yè)化課題技術(shù)總結(jié)報(bào)告

楊敏 張昱 高迎新 李剛 陳春茂

摘 要：本年度，課題以關(guān)鍵污染物聚合物和殘留抗生素效價(jià)的消除為切入點(diǎn)開(kāi)展低能耗短流程廢水處理工藝與成套裝備研究，在聚合物采油廢水體系表征方法與處理技術(shù)以及抗生素生產(chǎn)廢水處理技術(shù)等研究上取得重要進(jìn)展，達(dá)到預(yù)期目標(biāo)。針對(duì)聚合物采油廢水體系成分復(fù)雜、缺乏有效表征手段的問(wèn)題，課題組開(kāi)展了系統(tǒng)的表征方法學(xué)研究，在借鑒膠體科學(xué)、界面化學(xué)等學(xué)科的方法學(xué)手段的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了一套針對(duì)聚合物采油廢水體系的表征方法。利用上述采油廢水體系表征方法，對(duì)聚合物驅(qū)油、二元（聚合物、表面活性劑）驅(qū)油以及塞克迪（SAGD）等過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的采油廢水的乳化特性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析，初步探討了二元驅(qū)油田采出廢水乳化形成機(jī)制，同時(shí)進(jìn)行了破乳劑的研發(fā)，篩選得到破乳效果良好的破乳劑及其適用條件，在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了針對(duì)新疆某油田的二元驅(qū)油田采出廢水處理工藝。針對(duì)油田獨(dú)立井場(chǎng)洗井外排廢液污染問(wèn)題，課題組圍繞生物調(diào)整、氧化及分離等過(guò)程節(jié)開(kāi)展模擬研究，確定了關(guān)鍵工藝參數(shù)，目前正在進(jìn)行撬裝式短流程處理裝備的設(shè)計(jì)。 針對(duì)抗生素中間產(chǎn)物的生物效應(yīng)缺乏有效表征手段的問(wèn)題，課題組利用微生物濁度法建立了廢水中抗生素的殘留效價(jià)表征方法，能夠?qū)U水中的不同抗生素及其具有抗菌活性基團(tuán)的代謝產(chǎn)物的綜合生物活性效能進(jìn)行評(píng)估。針對(duì)抗生素生產(chǎn)廢水生物處理過(guò)程中抗生素殘留及抗藥基因生成等問(wèn)題，課題組系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展了抗生素及抗藥基因的控制技術(shù)研究。對(duì)于生物抑制性強(qiáng)的四環(huán)素、土霉素等抗生素，用臭氧等處理技術(shù)系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展了選擇性破壞抗生素活性的生產(chǎn)廢水預(yù)處理技術(shù)研究；對(duì)于廢水生物處理過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的大量抗藥基因，系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展了中溫和高溫厭氧消化技術(shù)對(duì)于剩余污泥中殘留抗生素及抗藥基因去除效果比較研究。 上述研究解決了某油田聚合物采油廢水外排達(dá)標(biāo)處理問(wèn)題，并提出了針對(duì)二元驅(qū)采油廢水處理工藝方案，形成分別針對(duì)油田聯(lián)合站和單獨(dú)井場(chǎng)的含聚采油廢水短流程處理及資源化集成技術(shù)與系列裝備。同時(shí)，提出抗生素選擇性去除預(yù)處理技術(shù)和抗生素生產(chǎn)廢水深度處理技術(shù)，初步建立以達(dá)標(biāo)排放、抗生素殘留效價(jià)和抗藥基因排放控制為目標(biāo)的抗生素生產(chǎn)廢水低能耗處理集成技術(shù)與高效反應(yīng)器。

關(guān)鍵詞：短流程；廢水處理工藝；成套裝備

Abstract：In this project， we have carried out the research of the low-energy-consumption and short-cut wastewater treatment process and equipment to remove the polymer from oilfield wastewater and the residual potency of antibiotics from antibiotic production wastewater， respectively. On the basis of colloid science， the interfacial chemistry and other research area， a set of characterization methods for studying polymer produced water have been established to solve the problem of characterizing the complex emulsion system of the polymer produced wastewater. Then the emulsifying properties of the oilfield produced water by polymer flooding， polymer/surfactant flooding， and the SAGD process were systematically analyzed， and the emulsion stability mechanisms of the polymer/surfactant produced water were preliminarily studied. Moreover， the effective demulsifiers were developed the applied conditions were optimized. On the basis of above results， a new process for treating the polymer/surfactant produced water from Xinjiang Oilfield was developed. On the other hand， the biological， the oxidation and separation processes have been simulated to solve the pollution problem of flushing efflux waste from the independent wellsite in the oilfield. And the optimal parameters were determined. According to our developed short-cut wastewater treatment technology， a skid-mounted equipment have been designed and manufactured.

Key words：Short-cut；Wastewater Treatment Process；Integrated Equipment

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