煤制烯烴技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性能和生命周期評(píng)價(jià)

錢宇 楊思 宇項(xiàng)東

摘要：傳統(tǒng)的烯烴生產(chǎn)嚴(yán)重依賴石油。世界石油儲(chǔ)量越來越少，價(jià)格持續(xù)上漲，烯烴供求矛盾在中國為代表的發(fā)展中國家中尤為突出，發(fā)展非石油路線烯烴生產(chǎn)技術(shù)迫在眉睫。中國是一個(gè)富煤、貧油、少氣的國家，煤制烯烴技術(shù)有望成為烯烴生產(chǎn)的一項(xiàng)重要的替代路線。煤炭路線具有較大的成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。然而，煤制烯烴工藝路線的能耗、水耗、CO2排放分別是石油路線的2倍、3倍和4倍；煤制烯烴投資高于石油制烯烴的投資，60萬噸煤制烯烴裝置的單位烯烴投資是150萬噸石油制烯烴裝置的3倍。煤制烯烴工藝技術(shù)和公用工程都還有很大的技術(shù)改進(jìn)和集成優(yōu)化的空間，裝置規(guī)模有待進(jìn)一步提高。甲醇制烯烴盡管投資低和CO2排放小，但其產(chǎn)品成本高且受原料市場(chǎng)價(jià)格波動(dòng)影響很大。增加了CCS的煤制烯烴路線可大幅降低CO2排放，且其對(duì)能效和經(jīng)濟(jì)性能影響不大。當(dāng)CO2 捕集率為80%時(shí)，其CO2減排成本為150 RMB/t，與當(dāng)前碳稅基本持平。兩者相比，具有CCS的煤制烯烴的產(chǎn)品成本低和抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力強(qiáng)。針對(duì)煤制烯烴路線高能耗高排放的問題，開發(fā)應(yīng)用天然氣/焦?fàn)t氣聯(lián)供煤制烯烴過程，有望推進(jìn)富碳原料和富氫原料元素互補(bǔ)和能量集成的過程創(chuàng)新，實(shí)現(xiàn)CO2減排，同時(shí)提高能量利用效率。升級(jí)現(xiàn)有的煤粉碎與除塵設(shè)備，可減少PM環(huán)境治理成本，提高其生命周期經(jīng)濟(jì)性能。

關(guān)鍵詞：煤制烯烴；石油制烯烴；CO2捕集和封存；甲醇制烯烴；技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)；生命周期分析

Techno-economic performance and life cycle analysis of the coal-to-olefins process

Abstract：Traditional olefins production is heavily dependent on oil. However， the world oil resource is increasingly depleted. Although the yield of olefins increases year by year in China， it still could not satisfy the quick demand. Developing alternative oil route for olefins production is urgently needed. The Chinese energy structure is charcterized by richess in coal and shortage in natural gas and oil. Coal-to-olefins technology is expected to become an inportant alternative route of olefins production. Results show that coal based olefins process has prominent advantage in product cost. However， it suffers from the limitations of higher energy consumption， water usage， CO2 emissions， and captal investment， of which the ratios to the oil-to-olefins process are 2， 3，4， and 4， respectively. There is a large room for technological improvement and process integration in coal-to-olefins plants. Although the methanol-to-olefins process has the advantages of low capital investment and environmental impact， its product cost is much higher and its economic performance is easily influenced by methanol price. Adding CCS to the coal-to-olefins process could largely reduce CO2 emissions and the coresponding energetic and economic penalties has relative small effect. When carbon capture rate is 80%， its mitigation cost is 150 RMB/t， roughly equivalent to the international carbon tax. Thus， coal-to-olefins with CCS could relieve the conflit between the supply and demand of olefins， meanwhile reduce CO2 emissions， and manifest a strong anti-risk capacity to the raw material market. In order to solve the problems of high energy consumption and serious emissions of the coal-to-olefins process， development and application of co-feed system of natural gas/ coke oven gas and coal to olefins processes is expected to promote energy integration， and element complementary of carbon-rich and hydrogen-rich raw material. Upgrading existing equipments for coal pulverization and removing dust could reduce cost for environmental improvement and improving the life cycle economic performance of the coal-to-olefins process.

Keywords：Coal-to-olefins； Oil-to-olefins， CCS， methanol-to-olefins； Techno-economic， Life cycle analysis

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