水下儲(chǔ)油防污染及保溫關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究報(bào)告

徐松森 初新杰 丁忠軍 曹宇光 楊樹(shù)耕

摘 要：該研究是在該課題組前期研究基礎(chǔ)上的深化研究。主要解決常規(guī)水下儲(chǔ)油技術(shù)存在的累積污染和難以?xún)?chǔ)存高凝點(diǎn)原油的問(wèn)題，并逐步為工程應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)。該研究?jī)?yōu)化了油水隔離式水下儲(chǔ)油模式、開(kāi)發(fā)模式及其適應(yīng)條件，深化研究了水下儲(chǔ)油保溫技術(shù)、防污染技術(shù)、監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警與應(yīng)急保護(hù)技術(shù)，開(kāi)展了水下儲(chǔ)油工藝流程、測(cè)控技術(shù)、施工技術(shù)的應(yīng)用性研究，完成了一項(xiàng)淺海水下儲(chǔ)油技術(shù)示例設(shè)計(jì)和1/5比尺的海上中間試驗(yàn)。該成果的技術(shù)核心是油水柔性隔離置換技術(shù)。常規(guī)油水置換原理是油水不相溶，自然形成油水界面，但仍會(huì)有少量原油隨水外排。采用油水柔性隔離置換，避免油水直接接觸，從而從根本上解決污染問(wèn)題，實(shí)現(xiàn)正常作業(yè)零排放目標(biāo)。該技術(shù)同時(shí)允許在油水界面設(shè)置保溫層，解決保溫問(wèn)題。本技術(shù)安全性高，可有效避免雷擊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，極大降低油氣呼吸損耗，降低風(fēng)浪影響。該成果主要包括如下創(chuàng)新技術(shù)：（1）水下儲(chǔ)油生產(chǎn)模式，包括兩種淺海生產(chǎn)模式和一種深水生產(chǎn)模式；（2）無(wú)污染油水置換水下儲(chǔ)油技術(shù)，該技術(shù)通過(guò)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了技術(shù)具備實(shí)施可行性；（3）油水置換界面活動(dòng)式保溫新技術(shù)，該技術(shù)經(jīng)試驗(yàn)測(cè)試證明可行；（4）水下漏油應(yīng)急收集與暫存成套技術(shù)。另外還研制溫度場(chǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試儀器一套，配套編制了測(cè)試與處理軟件。該成果所述水下儲(chǔ)油技術(shù)，具有與浮式生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)、固定儲(chǔ)罐平臺(tái)相當(dāng)?shù)膬?chǔ)油功能，適用生產(chǎn)規(guī)模范圍廣，既適于淺海邊際油田采用，也適于新油田滾動(dòng)勘探開(kāi)發(fā)，具有重復(fù)利用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，與現(xiàn)有鉆井、修井、采油、處理與輸運(yùn)技術(shù)能夠良好結(jié)合，尤其適于邊際油田開(kāi)發(fā)，具有良好的推廣應(yīng)用前景。

關(guān)鍵詞：水下儲(chǔ)油 油水隔離 油水置換

Abstract：This study is the deepen research on our previous study. Mainly to solve the cumulative pollution problem of the conventional underwater oil storage technology and the difficulty to store high pour point crude oil. Furthermore， lay the foundation for engineering applications gradually. This study optimized the oil-water isolated underwater oil storage mode， development mode and its corresponding application conditions. Deepen the research on underwater oil storage insulation technology， anti pollution technology， monitoring and early warming and emergency protection technology. An applied research has been carried out on underwater oil storage technology process， measurement and control technology and construction technology. And the study has completed a sample design of shallow underwater oil storage technology and a 1/5 scale test. The core technology of the result is oil-water flexible isolation replacement technology. Using the oil-water flexible isolation replacement technology can avoid oil and water contact directly， thus solve the pollution problem fundamentally， and realize the goal of zero emissions of normal operation. This technology also allows to set insulating layer on the oil-water interface， which solving the thermal insulation problem. This technology has the advantage of high safety， can avoid the risk of lightning strike effectively， and reduce breathing losses of oil and gas and storm affected greatly. The result mainly include the following innovations： （1） Underwater oil storage production mode， includes two shallow water and one deep water production mode； （2） Non-pollution oil-water displacement underwater oil storage technology， which proved practicable by experiments； （3） Adjustable oil-water displacement interface insulation technology， which proved practicable by experiments； （4） Underwater oil spilling emergency collection and keep in packaged technology. As mentioned in the result， the oil storage function of underwater oil storage technology is equivalent to that of floating production system and fixed tank platform. It has a wide range of production scale， and it is suitable for not only shallow marginal oil fields， but also progressive exploration and development in new oil fields. It has the advantage of recycling. And it is well aligned with existing drilling， workover， production， processing and transport technology. It has good application prospects， especially for marginal oil field development.

Key Words：Underwater Oil Storage；Isolation Between Oil and Water；Oil and Water Displacement

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