高性能分布式驅(qū)動電動汽車關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)問題研究立項報告

余卓平　熊璐

摘 要：2009年我國汽車產(chǎn)銷量突破1 370萬輛，位居世界第一。汽車行業(yè)已成為我國現(xiàn)代裝備制造業(yè)中的龍頭產(chǎn)業(yè)，國民經(jīng)濟的重要支柱。但迅速增長的汽車保有量導致我國能源緊缺、環(huán)境污染與交通安全的問題也日益突出。發(fā)展電動汽車是解決上述問題的有效途徑。輪邊驅(qū)動電動汽車則是電動汽車技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的重要發(fā)展方向。輪邊驅(qū)動電動汽車將驅(qū)動電機分布安裝于各驅(qū)動輪內(nèi)或驅(qū)動輪附近，具有驅(qū)動傳動鏈短、傳動高效、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊等突出優(yōu)點，能夠有效降低車輛能耗；同時，輪邊驅(qū)動電機動態(tài)響應快，有極佳的動力學控制性能，大幅提高車輛主動安全性能。輪邊驅(qū)動電動汽車涉及機、電、液、熱等多個領(lǐng)域，運行的環(huán)境與工況復雜，相關(guān)理論與技術(shù)還尚不成熟。因此，針對輪邊驅(qū)動電動汽車圍繞能耗優(yōu)化與主動安全性控制開展的基礎(chǔ)設計理論與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究，對促進我國汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展，具有極其重要的意義。該研究圍繞“輪邊驅(qū)動電動汽車復雜耦合系統(tǒng)動力學”“多變環(huán)境與工況下輪邊驅(qū)動電動汽車能耗規(guī)律”“復雜工況下輪邊驅(qū)動電動汽車耦合系統(tǒng)動力學協(xié)調(diào)控制機理”3個基礎(chǔ)科學問題。該研究將建立基于輪邊驅(qū)動電機特性的輪胎動態(tài)模型、車輛多體耦合動力學模型和動力電源—電驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)多場耦合動力學模型，構(gòu)建輪邊驅(qū)動電動汽車多體多場復雜耦合動力學系統(tǒng)；揭示電源與電驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)能耗規(guī)律、車輛空氣/熱動力學特性及其能耗規(guī)律，提出分布式電源與能量管理系統(tǒng)的分析與設計理論、車身造型及整車結(jié)構(gòu)設計方法與整車熱管理方法、無非驅(qū)動輪工況下車輛關(guān)鍵動力學參數(shù)自適應辨識方法、復雜耦合系統(tǒng)能耗優(yōu)化與動力學協(xié)調(diào)控制理論，從而創(chuàng)立高性能輪邊驅(qū)動電動汽車設計與控制的新理論、新方法。通過該重大基礎(chǔ)研究項目的支持，將提高我國汽車工業(yè)的自主研發(fā)水平，為我國電動汽車開發(fā)提供基礎(chǔ)理論支持，推動我國汽車工業(yè)的跨越式發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：分布式驅(qū)動電動汽車 耦合系統(tǒng)動力學 能耗規(guī)律 能量管理 空氣與熱動力學 狀態(tài)估計 參數(shù)辨識 動力學協(xié)調(diào)控制

Abstract： Rapid growth in car ownership led to China's energy shortage， environmental pollution and traffic safety issues. Development of electric vehicles is an effective way to solve these problems. And distributed drive electric vehicle is an important development direction of electric vehicle. The main feature of the distributed drive electric vehicle leads to a short and efficient transmission chain and a compact structure as well. All of this will reduce vehicle energy consumption effectively. Meanwhile， the electric motor has a quick response and excellent dynamic control performance， which will improve vehicle active safety performance substantially. However， distributed drive electric vehicle involves mechanical，electrical， hydraulic， thermal and other fields. What's more，its running environment and working conditions are complex， while the related theory and technology are not mature yet. Therefore， it is extremely significant for the development of China's automobile industry to carry out the basic theory and essential technology research on the energy optimization and active safety control of distributed drive electric vehicle. This project was carried out based on three basic scientific problems， including "complex coupling system dynamics of distributed drive electric vehicle""energy consumption laws of distributed drive electric vehicle in changing environment and working conditions""coordinated control mechanism of coupling system dynamics of distributed drive electric vehicle".The project will build tire dynamic model based on distributed drive electric motors， vehicle multi-body coupling model and coupling dynamic model of electric powertrain system， and then build a multi-body and complex coupling dynamic system of distributed drive electric vehicle； Also the project will reveal system energy consumption laws of the electric powertrain， vehicle air/thermal dynamic characteristics and its energy consumption laws， and present the analysis and design theory of distributed electric energy source and management system， design methods of vehicle body shape and structure and methods of vehicle thermal management， adaptive identification method of vehicle essential dynamic parameters in full-wheel drive condition， energy optimization and dynamic coordinated control theory of complex coupling system. All the work will contribute to creating new theories and new methods of design and control of high-performance distributed drive electric vehicle.

Key Words： Distributed drive electric vehicle；Coupling system dynamics；Energy consumption laws； Energy management；Air and thermal dynamics；States estimate； Parameters identification；Dynamic coordinated control

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