小新筆記

侯茂榮

1.aWard，reWard，p r|Ze

aWard

指正式或官方頒發(fā)，授于，給予，常用award sb.sth

reWard 指對(duì)別人的工作、服務(wù)或幫助等回報(bào)或酬謝，其后只接人或人的行為做賓語(yǔ)，

語(yǔ)，常用reward sb.with sth.。

prize

多指在各類(lèi)競(jìng)賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或抽獎(jiǎng)中所贏得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

練一練

After being__________the first___________. he expressed that he would continue to

the people and the society with his hard work.

2. strength， energy， force， power

strength

指人或物內(nèi)在固有的力。用于人時(shí)，指“力氣”或“長(zhǎng)處”；用于物時(shí)，指“強(qiáng)度”。

energy

指人的精力或自然界中的能源。

force

指促使物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的外力，也可指勢(shì)力、武力、暴力、軍隊(duì)等。

power

指人的能力、權(quán)力、影響力、機(jī)器發(fā)出的電力等。

練一練

1. David devoted all his________to his work. One night he came home very late from his office. Unfortunately he couldn't find his key anywhere. So he gathered all his________to open the door by____. The next day he had to pay to have his door repaired.

2. The Chinese Communist Party is the party in________.

3. announce， declare

announce

指正式地“公開(kāi)宣布，發(fā)表”，側(cè)重“預(yù)告”人們所關(guān)心的或感興趣的事情，尤

指新聞之類(lèi)的消息。

declare

指正式和明確地向公眾“宣告，宣布，聲明”，側(cè)重“當(dāng)眾發(fā)表”，多用于宣戰(zhàn)、

議和、宣判等。后面可接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，即declare sb./sth.。

練-練

Our country has______against any war between countries， but we never scare to war，which has been________officially for many times.

4.disturb， interrupt

disturb 指人的心情、睡眠、安靜被干擾、妨礙，還可表示“使……不安”

interrupt 多指由于某種外界因素，而中斷、打斷別人的講話(huà)或活動(dòng)。

練一練

I don't mind being____by the students in class but l do hate being____by the noise made by the machines from the construction site near my school.

詞匯點(diǎn)滴

1.與case相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)及用法

in case

假使，如果；萬(wàn)一

in no case

決不

in any case

無(wú)論如何，不管怎

in that case

既然那樣；如果那樣的話(huà)

its not the case

情況并非如此

as is often the case

情況通常如此

拓展：（1） in case也可以單獨(dú)使用，常位于句末，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞。

（2） in no case位于句酋時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝。

例如：Leave your key with your neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.把你的鑰匙留給你的鄰居，以防你某天把自己鎖在外面了。

In London，people always take with umbrella in case of the changeable weather.在倫敦，人們總是要隨身帶著雨傘，以防這多變的天氣。

In no case can you lose the chance to go abroad for further study.無(wú)論如何你不能失去這次出國(guó)深造的機(jī)會(huì)。

In any case， take your time to try various work available and you will soon be able todetermine which fits you.不管怎樣，慢慢地去嘗試各種不同的工作，不久你就能決定哪項(xiàng)工作適合你了。

2.與fortune相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)及用法

1.make a/one's fortune

發(fā)財(cái)

try one's fortune

碰運(yùn)氣

tell one's fortune

算命

2.fortunate adj，

幸運(yùn)的

be fortunate to do sth.

有幸做某事

例如：Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.歐洲人將小豬存錢(qián)罐視為好運(yùn)和財(cái)富的象征。

Hotels in cities such as London， Edinburgh and Cardiff can cost a fortune， especially at weekends and during big events.在一些城市店，比如倫敦、愛(ài)丁堡、卡迪夫，住酒店要花一大筆錢(qián)，尤其是在周末和重大節(jié)日時(shí)期。

She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines on your hand.她能通過(guò)你的掌紋給你算命。

The young man decided to leave home to try his fortune in the city.年輕人決定離家去城里碰碰運(yùn)氣。

3.與come相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)及用法

come to

來(lái)到，達(dá)到，說(shuō)到；總計(jì)

come up with

提出

come out

出現(xiàn)，出版，結(jié)果是

come along with 與……相處得好；隨同……一起

come across

偶然遇見(jiàn)；發(fā)現(xiàn)；被理解

例如：She explained for a long time， but her meaning didn't really come across.她解釋了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但她的意思并沒(méi)有被理解。

In the mid-1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of roads. 18世紀(jì)中期，一個(gè)法國(guó)人提出了道路設(shè)計(jì)新方案。

When we were wondering what to do， the manager came out.當(dāng)我們正在想該做什么時(shí)，經(jīng)理出現(xiàn)了。

We are going to the park， and do you want to come along with us？我們打算去公園，你想和我們一塊去嗎？

4.與control相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)及用法

in control

掌管，控制

beyond control

無(wú)法控制

under the control of

（某物）在……控制之下

out of control

失去控制

lose control of

失去對(duì)……的控制

keep control over/of

控制住……

get/take control of

控制……；取得對(duì)……的控制

brine/eet/keeD sth. under control

把……控制住

注意：in control of與in the control of在意思上是有區(qū)別的，前者的主語(yǔ)一般是人，意為“某人控制某物”；后者的主語(yǔ)一般是物，意為“某物由某人控制”。

例如：You are in control of your brain，not the other way around。你應(yīng)該控制你的大腦，而不是讓它控制你。

But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.但是他們無(wú)法抵抗它（大風(fēng)），小船失去了控制。

Most damagingly， anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behavior.最嚴(yán)重的是，憤怒削弱一個(gè)人清晰地思考和控制自我行為的能力。

The driver lost control of the car on slippery road and crashed into a truck.道路濕滑，司機(jī)無(wú)法控制汽車(chē)而撞上了一輛卡車(chē)。

語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)滴

1."be about to do…when…”句型，意為“正要做……這時(shí)……”，when相當(dāng)于and at this/that time

be on the point of doing…when…

正要做……當(dāng)……

be doing…when…

正在做……當(dāng)……

had just done…when…

剛做完……當(dāng)……

hardly had sb./sth. done…when…

某人/某物剛一……就……

例如：l had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.我剛做完試卷，下課鈴就響了。

Hardly had the football game begun when it started raining.足球比賽剛開(kāi)始就下雨了。

含when的常用句型還有：be about to do_ when； on the point of doing_ when...表示“正要做…一，這時(shí)…一”

例如：1 was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.我正要放棄，這時(shí)爸爸過(guò)來(lái)鼓勵(lì)我繼續(xù)下去。

She was on the point of leaving her house when one of her friends came。她正要離開(kāi)家，這時(shí)她的一個(gè)朋友來(lái)了。

2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型常用結(jié)構(gòu)：

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他.

一般疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)：ls/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他？

特殊疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)：疑問(wèn)詞+ is/was+it+that/who+其他？

not…until結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was not until…that…

例如：It was in a restaurant that she wrote the book.她正是在一家餐廳里寫(xiě)了這本書(shū)。

Was it three years ago that he went to America for a further study？他是三年前去美國(guó)深造的嗎？

-How was it that you got to know she traveled to the USA？你是怎么知道她去美國(guó)旅行的？

-Oh，through one of her colleagues.哦，聽(tīng)她的一位同事說(shuō)的。

It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.直到將近信的結(jié)尾她才提及了自己的計(jì)劃。

注意：判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法：把It is/was…that去掉，看句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及語(yǔ)意是否完整，若完整，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，若不完整，則不是。

It wasIt was at the school gate that I met an old friend of mine.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

It was the school gate where l met an old friend of mine.（定語(yǔ)從句）

3.完全倒裝的幾種情況：

（1）分詞/形容詞/副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+be+主語(yǔ)

當(dāng)表語(yǔ)是分詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng)且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，為了保持句子平衡，常把表語(yǔ)放在句首，引起句子完全倒裝。

例如：Buried in the earth was a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.埋在泥土中的是一個(gè)裝有許多古幣的壇子。

Present at the meeting were scientists from all over the world.出席會(huì)議的是來(lái)自全世界的科學(xué)家。

（2）表示地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間/方向，方位等的副詞+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)

當(dāng)把there，here， out， in，on，up，down，away，back，now，then等副詞放在句首加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其后常用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞go，come，run，lie， stand等，然后再接主語(yǔ)（名詞）構(gòu)成完全倒裝。

例如：Then came the time we had been looking forward to.我們一直盼望的時(shí)刻終于到來(lái)了。

At the foot of the hill lies a small village.山腳下有一個(gè)小村莊。

（3） there+存在類(lèi)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)

there be句型中的be用表示“存在”的動(dòng)詞live，exist， lie，stand，seem，rise，remain， happen，come，go等替代時(shí)，構(gòu)成完全倒裝。

例如：There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.人們對(duì)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際價(jià)值仍然有一定的疑問(wèn)。

注意：在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，主謂一般不用倒裝。

錯(cuò)題整理

1.FrOm the____eXpreSSiOn On the manager'S faCe，I kneW he WaS____abOUtthe plan l WOrked OUt，SO l had tO make SOme ChangeS.

A.pUZZling：pUZZlh19 B.pUZZl_ng；pUZZled C.pUZZled；pUZZling D.pUZZIed；pUZZIed

解析：D。句意：從經(jīng)理臉上困惑的表情，我明白他對(duì)我制定的計(jì)劃感到很困惑，所以我不得不做一些修改。經(jīng)理自己感到“困惑”的表情，我知道他感到“困惑”，兩個(gè)空都應(yīng)填puzzled，故選D。

2.The paSt tWO years____a Sharp riSe in Oi|priCe，WhiCh addS tO the bUrden Of aUtO tranSpOrtatiOn indUStry.

A.WitneSSed

B.haS WitneSSed C.iS WitneSSing

D.WitneSSeS

解析：B。句意：過(guò)去的兩年見(jiàn)證了油價(jià)的急劇上漲，這增加了汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸業(yè)的負(fù)擔(dān)。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

3.It SUddenly OCCUrred tO him____he haS Ieft hiS keyS in the OffiCe.

A.where

B.when

C.whiCh

D.that

解析：D。句意：他突然想起來(lái)他把鑰匙忘在辦公室了。it occurs to sb.that…為固定句型，意為“某人突然想起……”。

4.The Village l ViSited laSt Week iS made Up Of 30 familieS____fiVe natiOna|jtieS.

A.tO haVe belOnged tO

B.tO belOng tO C.belOnged tO

D.belOnging tO

解析：D。句意：我上周參觀過(guò)的那個(gè)村莊，由屬于五個(gè)民族的三十個(gè)家庭組成。句中families與belong to之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。

5.The penCi|boX On the deSk aS We¨aS the boOkmarkS____to my little SiSter.

A.iS b e|Onged

B.belOngS

C.are belOnged

D.belOng

解析：B。句意：桌上的這個(gè)鉛筆盒，還有這些書(shū)簽都是我小妹的。belong是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。另外，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中含as weⅡas時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與它前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。故選B。

6.____that the country IeaderS Can Iead them oUt of the finanCial prOblemS，people are becoming mOre OptimiStiC abOUt the futUre Of the COUntry.

A.COnvinCing

B.COnvinCed

C.Tb COnvinCe

D.Having COnvinCed

解析：B。句意：人們相信國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人能帶領(lǐng)他們擺脫經(jīng)濟(jì)困境，所以對(duì)國(guó)家的未來(lái)更加樂(lè)觀了。動(dòng)詞convince與邏輯主語(yǔ)people之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞convinced做狀語(yǔ)，表示“相信”這種狀態(tài)。

7. Aliens' visiting Earth is controversial but what happened in some places is hard____， leaving people____about these strange phenomena.

A. to explain； puzzled

B.to be explained； puzzling

C. explained； puzzled

D.being explained； puzzling

解析：A。句意：外星人訪(fǎng)問(wèn)地球是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議性的問(wèn)題，但是一些地方發(fā)生的事情卻難以解釋?zhuān)瑢?duì)這些奇怪的現(xiàn)象人們感到困惑。第一空考查動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語(yǔ)，某些做表語(yǔ)的形容詞（easy，hard，difficult，good，heavy，comfortable等）后面接動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義；第二空考查過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，指人的心理感受或狀態(tài)。

8. With our knowledge____practice， we can make contributions to our society.

A. to base on

B.basing on

C.based on

D.base on

解析：C。句意：把我們的知識(shí)建立在實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)之上，我們就能為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)。base_on.…“把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)上”。base與knowledge之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞形式。

9.- Do you have any plan for the coming holiday？

-l thought l might stay with my parents， but something unexpected____.

A. has occurred

B.had occurred

C.was occurring

D.would occur

解析：A。句意：“對(duì)于即將到來(lái)的假期，你有什么安排嗎？”“我原以為會(huì)和父母待在一起，但是一些沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的事情發(fā)生了。”根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“一些沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的事情”已經(jīng)發(fā)生，且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，即A項(xiàng)正確。

10. Gottlieb Daimler，a German engineer， is normally believed____the car.

A. invented

B.to invent

C.to have invented

D.to be inventing

解析：c。句意：戈特利布·戴姆勒，一位德國(guó)工程師，通常被認(rèn)為發(fā)明了汽車(chē)。sb. be believed to have done sth?！澳橙吮徽J(rèn)為做了某事”，其中動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。

11. It is reported that no African country apart from South Africa and Egypt____putting more than 4 percent of the national GDP into education in the last ten years.

A. has been

B.were

C.was

D.have been

解析：A。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道除了南非和埃及，沒(méi)有非洲國(guó)家在過(guò)去的十年里把超過(guò)4%的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值投到教育上。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in the last ten years"可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所填謂語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是“no African country”，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟由介詞apart from，like，as well as，besides，with等連接的詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)視主語(yǔ)的情況而定，所以此處用單數(shù)。

12. The tall waterfalls and green mountains are a splendid sight when____from the valley bottom.

A. viewing

B.viewing them C.viewed

D.view

解析：C。句意：從山谷的底部看，矗立的瀑布和綠色的山巒景色非常壯觀。句子的主語(yǔ)與vlew之間在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。when后省略了they are。

13. They made up their mind that they________a new house once Larry changed jobs.

A. bought B.would buy

C.have bought D.had bought

解析：B。句意：他們下定決心，一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買(mǎi)套新房子。根據(jù)主句中的關(guān)鍵詞made可知該題的語(yǔ)境是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的；同時(shí)once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的changed這一動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法，所以主句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，即would buy。

14.____on the endless green grass are sheep， cattle and horses.

A. Being wandered

B.Being wandering C.Wandering

D.To wander

解析：C。句意：在無(wú)際的綠色草原上徜徉的是羊、牛和馬。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知該句是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋簊heep，cattle and horses are wandering on the endless green grass。

15. When the teacher entered his office， he was surprised to find everything_____in good order.

A. arranging

B.being arranged

C.arranged

D.having been arranged

解析：c。句意：老師進(jìn)入辦公室之后，他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)一切都被整理得井井有條。本題考查“find+賓語(yǔ)十賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。句中everything與arrange之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

16.______it is______you obtain， you should share your feelings____your parents.

A. What；不填：to

B.Whichever； that； with

C. Whatever； that； with

D.Which：不填：to

解析：C。句意：無(wú)論你得到的是什么，你都應(yīng)該與你的父母分享你的感情。根據(jù)句意可知，第一空應(yīng)是泛指“得到的東西”；第二空是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的連接詞that；第三空是與share搭配的介詞，share sth. with sb.“與某人分享某物”。