深海生物采樣工具研制報(bào)告

任翀 王峰 劉小涯 王旭陽(yáng) 曾潤(rùn)穎

摘 要：采集不同深度海水中的生物樣品，是現(xiàn)代海洋學(xué)研究的重要內(nèi)容。隨著各種海洋科學(xué)研究與海洋資源開發(fā)利用的不斷深入，如何快速、方便和有效地對(duì)海洋生物進(jìn)行調(diào)查采樣，以獲得第一手的海洋生物科學(xué)研究樣品，全面了解特定海域的生物資源情況，成為了當(dāng)務(wù)之急。由國(guó)家“863”計(jì)劃支撐的“深海生物采樣工具研制”課題，其研制目標(biāo)是：重點(diǎn)突破深海生物樣品采集原位觀測(cè)與定植培養(yǎng)，生物資源研究與開發(fā)所涉及的關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)與裝備；研發(fā)適用于載人深潛器、ROV等平臺(tái)的系列化采樣和作業(yè)工具；建立一套深海底生態(tài)長(zhǎng)期觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)，研制深海自容式原位生物定植培養(yǎng)工程樣機(jī)，并完成海試實(shí)驗(yàn)；獲得一批基因、技術(shù)、工藝等相關(guān)專利。通過(guò)項(xiàng)目研究大幅提高我國(guó)深海生物資源研究開發(fā)技術(shù)水平和自主創(chuàng)新能力，保障資源的可持續(xù)開發(fā)利用。課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容包括：海底微生物墊采樣器、泵吸式大型生物采樣器、誘捕式大型生物采樣器、射網(wǎng)式大型生物采樣器、鏟撬式大型生物采樣器、組合式生物轉(zhuǎn)移箱、船載厭氧/保壓轉(zhuǎn)移裝置、備用能源與控制吊艙。課題在2014年度完成了各型深海生物采樣工具諸多關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究，主要設(shè)備均完成了樣機(jī)試制及調(diào)試，部分設(shè)備進(jìn)行了海上實(shí)際應(yīng)用并獲得了相關(guān)生物樣品。該研究報(bào)告詳細(xì)論述了各型采樣工具的設(shè)計(jì)方案和主要研制過(guò)程，并記錄了調(diào)試及試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果及改進(jìn)方向，為課題后續(xù)研制提供了重要的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。

關(guān)鍵詞：深海 生物采樣 工具

Abstract：Collection of biological samples at different depths in the sea，is an important content of modern Oceanography research.With a variety of marine scientific research and development and utilization of marine resources unceasingly thorough，how to quickly，easily and effectively to marine organisms were sampled，marine biological sciences research samples to obtain the first hand，the biological resources of the comprehensive understanding of certain areas，has become a pressing matter of the moment.Supported by the national"863"plan "deep-sea biological sampling tools development"project，its development objectives are：the key breakthrough deep-sea biological samples collected in situ observation and colonization culture，kernel technology and equipment involved in research and development of biological resources；series of R & D is suitable for carrying people submersibles，ROV platform for sampling and working tools；to establish a set of deep seabed ecological long-term observation system，the development of deep-sea self-contained in situ biological colonization culture engineering prototype，and complete the experiment on the sea；get a group of genes，technology，process and other related patents.Through the research projects a substantial increase in China's deep-sea biological resources research and development technical level and the ability of independent innovation，to ensure the sustainable development and utilization of resources.Content of the research include：seabed microbial mat sampler，suction pump large biological sampler，trap type large biological sampler，radio network type large biological sampler，shovel prizing large biological sampler，combined biological transfer box，ship borne anaerobic/holding pressure transfer device，the standby energy and control pod.Topic in the year 2014 completed the study some key technical tools for sampling of various types of deep-sea creatures，the main equipment are completed prototype trial manufacture and debugging，part of the equipment of the practical application of maritime and obtain the relevant biological samples.This report discusses in detail the process of design scheme of various types of sampling and the main development tool，and record the debugging and the test results and the direction of improvement provides an important technical basis for subsequent development project.

Key Words：Deepsea；Creatures sampling；Tools

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