深部采動破斷煤巖體中瓦斯運(yùn)移與富集機(jī)理及規(guī)律

尹光志 張東明

摘 要：1.使用自主研發(fā)的含瓦斯煤熱流固耦合三軸伺服滲流裝置對平煤十礦及十二礦現(xiàn)場采取的原煤進(jìn)行了進(jìn)行了不同溫度、不同有效應(yīng)力和不同瓦斯壓力條件下的滲流測試。當(dāng)有效應(yīng)力保持恒定，滲透率隨著溫度的升高逐漸降低；相同溫度條件下，有效應(yīng)力越大，滲透率越??；當(dāng)瓦斯壓力保持恒定時，滲透率隨著溫度的升高逐漸降低。 2. 在含瓦斯煤熱流固耦合問題中，提出了含瓦斯煤的應(yīng)力場、滲流場及溫度場耦合方程。 3.利用“多場耦合煤礦動災(zāi)害大型模擬試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)”進(jìn)行了0.1 0.4MPa瓦斯壓力下常規(guī)加載及三種不同開采方式大尺度煤巖的滲流實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，煤樣的尺寸為長1050mm×寬410mm×高410mm。常規(guī)加載大尺度煤巖滲流試驗(yàn)看出隨著時間的增加，煤樣的應(yīng)變隨著應(yīng)力的改變而改變，瓦斯流量與軸向應(yīng)力、體積應(yīng)變有較好的對應(yīng)關(guān)系；當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)應(yīng)力峰值后，隨著軸向應(yīng)力的降低，軸向應(yīng)變與體積應(yīng)變略微減小，流量增加，但增加幅度不大。 4. 對現(xiàn)場取得的巖石樣品進(jìn)行卸圍壓試驗(yàn)，同時測定其滲透能力。根據(jù)CT掃描成果，卸圍壓達(dá)到 的峰值強(qiáng)度后，大部分原煤試件內(nèi)部形成單斜破壞的裂隙面，該裂隙面的剪切破壞使原煤樣出現(xiàn)整體破壞。 5.在重慶大學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的旋轉(zhuǎn)模型試驗(yàn)臺上進(jìn)行了基于平煤十礦戊9-10煤層與平煤十二礦己15-17200采煤工作面特點(diǎn)的相似模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。 6.在平煤十礦北翼東區(qū)戊組設(shè)置瓦斯專巷，施工鉆孔，利用CXK6-Z礦用本安型鉆孔成像儀對鉆孔中裂隙發(fā)育情況進(jìn)行掃描，并統(tǒng)計(jì)裂隙場發(fā)育情況；采用UDEC軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，對己15-17200采面覆巖裂隙場演化 規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究并分析其開采對戊9-10煤層的影響。結(jié)果表明，十二礦己15 煤層覆巖裂隙帶高度為 100.0～109.5m，綜放工作面覆巖破壞范圍的形態(tài)呈現(xiàn)出兩邊高中間低的類似馬鞍形。 7.采用“遠(yuǎn)程頂板瓦斯抽采專用巷道下向鉆孔法”、抽采垮落拱上方卸壓 區(qū)內(nèi)瓦斯的“頂板走向鉆孔法”與“本層機(jī)風(fēng)巷瓦斯預(yù)抽”相結(jié)合的方法，使處于煤層采動影響卸壓區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的瓦斯得到全面安全高效的抽采。通過優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)可提高瓦斯抽采率17.52%。

關(guān)鍵詞：深部采動 瓦斯運(yùn)移與富集 滲透率 多場耦合 覆巖裂隙 瓦斯抽采

Abstract：1.Percolation tests conducted under different temperatures， different effective stress and gas pressure conditions on No.10 and No.12 mining scene. When the effective stress remains constant， the permeability decreases with increasing temperature； the same temperature， the greater the effective stress， permeability smaller； when the gas pressure keep constant， the permeability decreases with increasing temperature. 2.In the problems of coal containing heat gas-structure interaction， this report proposed stress field， seepage field and temperature field coupled equations. 3.A series of seepage tests were performed using a large newly developed test system under the 0.1-0.4MPa gas pressure and three different large-scale mining of coal and rock. The sample is 1050mm×410mm×410mm （length， width， height） in size. The conventional large-scale load testing of coal and rock seepage showed that the coal sample strain changes with time， and gas flow increases with axial stress， volume strain； After the peak stress， axial strain and volumetric strain decreases slightly with the reducing axial stress， and the flow increased mildly. 4.Rock samples experienced loading-unloading circle tests to understand its penetration. The CT results show most coal samples formed monoclinic destruction in the fracture surface， and shear failure of coal samples appears. 5.A study are conducted on the State Key Laboratory of Chongqing University rotate the model test bench to simulate No.10 Mine coal bed9-10 in Pingdingshan No.12 Mine coal and the coal working face15-17200. 6.Gas professionals Lane are set in No.10 Mine in Northeast， and provides construction drilling. CXK6-Z mining intrinsically safe for borehole drilling imager are used to scan fractured rock and statistical crack field development case； using UDEC software to simulate overburden mining face crack field evolution and analyze the impact of mining on coal9-10.The results showed that height of fractured zone in 15th coal seam is 100.0～109.5m in No.12 Mine， and mechanized caving face shape overburden showing the extent of damage is similar to saddle both sides high and middle low. 7.Using the "remote roof gas drainage under the roadway dedicated to the drilling method" and a combination of "Roof Holes Law" and " The Wind Tunnel Gas layer pre-pumping machine，" this paper get a safe and efficient way to drainage the gas within the scope of relief. The Optimized design can improve the gas extraction rate of 17.52%.

Key word：deep mining；gas migration and accumulation； permeability；multi-field coupling；overburden fissure；gas extraction

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