智能化工況模擬與檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)研究與開(kāi)發(fā)

楊學(xué)軍 蔡曉華 饒秀勤 宋建農(nóng) 李建橋

摘 要：智能化工況模擬與檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)研究開(kāi)發(fā)，研究了智能化土壤-植物-機(jī)械工況模擬與檢測(cè)技術(shù)，智能化種子精量播種模擬與檢測(cè)技術(shù)、機(jī)械化乳品采集檢測(cè)模擬與檢測(cè)技術(shù)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品組分與缺陷在線檢測(cè)技術(shù)，開(kāi)發(fā)了智能化土壤植物機(jī)械工況模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)、噴藥機(jī)械田間作業(yè)工況模擬裝置、配方施肥變量控制模擬裝置、智能化精量播種模擬系統(tǒng)、機(jī)械化乳品采集檢測(cè)模擬系統(tǒng)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品組分和缺陷聲光檢測(cè)模擬系統(tǒng)等。突破了高性能先進(jìn)裝備共性和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，為新技術(shù)發(fā)展提供平臺(tái)，縮短新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品、新裝備的研究開(kāi)發(fā)成果轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力的周期，為國(guó)內(nèi)研發(fā)、中試、生產(chǎn)等關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)提供專業(yè)化試驗(yàn)基地。全天候智能化土壤-植物-機(jī)械工況模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，采用坑式直線型土槽及軌道進(jìn)行農(nóng)機(jī)具或部分整機(jī)的性能試驗(yàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了被測(cè)機(jī)具或整機(jī)的耕深、動(dòng)力輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速和牽引速度的自動(dòng)控制，并能夠?qū)ν寥缊?jiān)實(shí)度、土壤含水率、動(dòng)力輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速和扭矩、牽引速度等10余項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)采集和處理。采用集成化設(shè)計(jì)，集土壤恢復(fù)系統(tǒng)、機(jī)具懸掛系統(tǒng)、測(cè)試系統(tǒng)及控制系統(tǒng)于一體，開(kāi)發(fā)了六分力門架測(cè)力系統(tǒng)，創(chuàng)造性地采用了“智能化工況模擬試驗(yàn)”這一全新的試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ?，進(jìn)行該試驗(yàn)臺(tái)控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)，提高了試驗(yàn)效率，減輕了試驗(yàn)人員的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，縮短了試驗(yàn)及研究周期。全天候智能化精量播種模擬系統(tǒng)主要用于條播排種器和精密（單粒）排種器的排種性能試驗(yàn)，檢測(cè)出排種器的各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)，可在膠帶速度為1.8～12 km/h情況下進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。模擬系統(tǒng)能自動(dòng)控制排種器轉(zhuǎn)軸的工作速度、膠帶的運(yùn)行速度及風(fēng)機(jī)壓力；計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)排種器的工作過(guò)程，并利用圖像檢測(cè)技術(shù)自動(dòng)精確測(cè)得排種器所排種子粒距、粒數(shù)等參數(shù)，從而計(jì)算處理國(guó)標(biāo)試驗(yàn)要求的合格指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)和漏播指數(shù)等排種性能指標(biāo)，以及播種精度指標(biāo)（平均值、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差、變異系數(shù)），并報(bào)表打印及輸出頻率直方圖，可存儲(chǔ)原始播種錄像。機(jī)械化乳品采集檢測(cè)模擬系統(tǒng)在國(guó)內(nèi)首次研制成功擠奶系統(tǒng)脈動(dòng)性能、擠奶量自動(dòng)計(jì)量裝置性能、真空設(shè)備性能在線檢測(cè)與遙測(cè)、自動(dòng)脫杯系統(tǒng)提升力測(cè)試等4種乳品采集性能模擬試驗(yàn)與檢測(cè)技術(shù)裝置與設(shè)備。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品組分和缺陷聲光檢測(cè)模擬系統(tǒng)建立了適合西瓜內(nèi)部品質(zhì)無(wú)損檢測(cè)的光源裝置和光譜采集系統(tǒng)、西瓜聲學(xué)特性檢測(cè)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)、基于聲波信號(hào)衰減率的西瓜糖度檢測(cè)方法。

關(guān)鍵詞：智能化 工況模擬 檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)

Abstract：The research of simulation and testing system of the intelligent working condition， studied the simulation and testing technology of intelligent soil-plant-machinery working condition， intelligent precision seeding and mechanical milk collection and testing， and agricultural products components and defects detection technology. Developed intelligent soil-plant-machinery performance simulation system， spraying machinery field operation simulation device， formula fertilization and variable control simulation device， intelligent precision seeding simulation system， mechanical milk collection and testing simulation system， and agricultural products components and defects acousto-optic testing simulation system， etc. All-weather intelligent soil-plant-machinery working condition simulation experiment system， used pit type linear soil bin and orbit to test agricultural machinery， implemented automatic control of tillage depth， output shaft speed and haulage speed， could real-time collect and deal more than 10 data， such as soil firmness， soil moisture content， output shaft speed， etc. used integrated design， integrating soil recovery system， suspension system and testing and control system， developed six component frame force measurement system. All-weather intelligent precision seeding simulation system is mainly used for performance test of drill meter and precision meter； belt can run at 1.8～12 km/h. The system can automatically control meter working speed， belt running speed and fan pressure； Computer vision system can real-time monitor working process， and automatically accurately measure seed number and spacing. Finally， computer prints frequency histogram， and stores the original videos. Mechanical milk collection and testing simulation system developed 4 kinds of milk collection simulation and testing device for the first time in domestic， which including on-line and remote detection of system pulse performance， milking automatic metering device performance and vacuum equipment performance， and testing of automatic lifting force to take off the cup system. Agricultural products components and defects acousto-optic testing simulation system established light device and spectral acquisition system for watermelon internal quality nondestructive testing， watermelon acoustic characteristics testing system， and watermelon sugar detection method based on acoustic signal attenuation.

Key Words：Intelligentize；Working condition simulation；Detecting system

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