2016年高考英語全國丙/Ⅲ卷閱讀理解題解析

舒清海

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項。

A

Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August， with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone： 241-2742. http：//www.cityopera.com.

Chamber Orchestra：The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street， which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information. http：www.chamberoch.com.

Symphony Orchestra：At Music Hall at Riverbend. For ticket sales， call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend. http：//www.symphony.org/home.asp.

College Conservatory of Music（CCM）：Performances are on the main campus （校園） of the university， usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events， including performances by the well-known Lasalle Quartet， CCMs Philharmonic Orchestra， and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with ID cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. http：//www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.

Riverbend Music Theater：6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover（price difference）. Big name shows all summer long！Phone： 232-6220. http：///www.riverbendmusic.com.

21. Which number should you call if you want to see opera？

A. 241-2742. B. 723-1182.

C. 381-3300. D. 232-6220.

22. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra？

A. February. B. May. C. August. D. November.

23. Where can students go for free performances with their ID cards？

A. Music Hall. B. Memorial Hall.

C. Patricia Cobbett Theater. D. Riverbend Music Theater.

24. How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places？

A. It has seats in the open air.

B. It gives shows all year round.

C. It offers membership discounts.

D. It presents famous musical works.

B

On one of her trips to New York several years ago， Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes， another customer was approaching their table.

“Hey， arent you from Mississippi？” the elegant， white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “Im from Mississippi too.”

Without a second thought， the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up， she also pulled up a chair.

“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said.“I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking.”

Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave， it was pouring outside. Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel， her big city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion（團聚）.

“My friend said：‘Now we believe your stories，” Welty added. “And I said：‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.”

Sitting on a sofa in her room， Welty， a slim figure in a simple gray dress， looked pleased with this explanation.

“I dont make them up，”she said. Of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I dont have to.”

Beauticians， bartenders， piano players and people with purple hats， Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends， from walks through the streets of her native Jackson， Miss.， from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that， at 78， her left ear has now given out. Sometimes， sitting on a bus or a train， she hears only a fragment （片斷） of a particularly interesting story.

25. What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe？

A. Two strangers joined her.

B. Her childhood friends came in.

C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.

D. Some people held a party there.

26. The underlined word“them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys ________.

A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories

27. What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction？

A. They live in big cities.

B. They are mostly women.

C. They come from real life.

D. They are pleasure seekers.

C

If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21， but since it has caught on， events now spread out over most of October around Britain.

Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see， and often taste， a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets， it can be quite an eye-opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence， such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesnt taste of anything special， its still worth a try， as is the knobbly（多疙瘩的） Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.

There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette， but youll need a warm， sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it， so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.

At the events， you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions， and because these are family affairs， children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.

Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit， including stately gardens and commercial orchards （果園）. If you want to have a real orchard experience， try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale， near Faversham in Kent.

28. What can people do at the apple events？

A. Attend expertslectures.

B. Visit fruit-loving families.

C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard.

D. Taste many kinds of apples.

29. What can we learn about Decio？

A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.

C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.

30. What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean？

A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.

C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.

31. What is the authors purpose in writing the text？

A. To show how to grow apples.

B. To introduce an apple festival.

C. To help people select apples.

D. To promote apple research.

D

Bad news sells. If it bleeds， it leads. No news is good news， and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored （監(jiān)控） in different ways， researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts， scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The‘if it bleedsrule works for mass media，”says Jonah Berger， a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends， you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—

e-mails， Web posts and reviews， face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative（消極的）， but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things？ To test for that possibility， Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories： thousands of articles on The New York Timeswebsite. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Timesreaders and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny， or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety， but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused （激發(fā)）one way or the other， and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article， the more likely it was to be shared， as Dr. Berger explains in his new book，“Contagious： Why Things Catch On.”

32. What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to？

A. News reports. B. Research papers.

C. Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.

33. What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer？

A. Theyre socially inactive.

B. Theyre good at telling stories.

C. Theyre inconsiderate of others.

D. Theyre careful with their words.

34. Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Bergers research？

A. Sports news. B. Science articles.

C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.

35. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B. Online News Attracts More People

C. Reading Habits Change with the Times

D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

答案與解析

（A）本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幾個音樂會的時間、地點、特征、聯(lián)系方式等。

21. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)命題的順序原則和題干中的opera可知，答案信息點一定在第一段“Opera at Music Hall”，在這段中找到“Phone： 241-2742.”，可知如果要看歌劇，則打電話241-2742，對照各選項，選A。

22. B 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的Chamber Orchestra去尋讀，可知答案信息點在第二段，找到管弦樂隊的表演時間from March through June（從三月到六月），對照各選項，只有五月符合，故選B。

23. C 細節(jié)理解題。帶著ID cards尋讀，可知答案信息點應在第四段中，即“College Conservatory of Music （CCM）”這段中；由該段第一句Performances are... usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater和第三句Students with ID cards can attend the events for free可知，學生可憑身份證免費在Patricia Cobbett劇院聽音樂會，故選C。

24. A 細節(jié)理解題。由題干中的Riverbend Music Theater可知，答案信息點在最后一段，由第一句“Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover （price difference）.”可知，該樂隊與其它樂隊的不同之處在于它的有露天座位，故選A。

（B）本文講述了作家Eudora Welty在紐約的朋友聚會上，遇到了兩位陌生人。大家的交流對她的寫作影響很大。她經(jīng)常收集人們的所見所聞，寫成故事。

25. A 細節(jié)理解題。由第三段...the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair可知，有兩位陌生人加入到了Welty的飯局中，故選A。B項說“她兒時的朋友加入進來了”，文中只是說幾個紐約的朋友；C項說“一場大雨毀掉了晚餐”，但是文中提到下大雨是在他們吃完飯離開的時候；D項說“一些人在那里舉行了聚會”，文中未提及。

26. D 代詞指代題。指代前文Now we believe your stories（現(xiàn)在我們相信你寫的故事是真實的了）中的stories，故選D。

27. C 推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“I dont make them up（這些故事不是我編造的），”“I dont have to（我不必編造）.”可見是來自生活；另外，最后一段具體講述了她故事中人物來自各個階層，故選C。A項說“他們生活在大城市”，與各個層次的人不符；B項說“他們大多是婦女”，而文中所述的people應包括男女；D項說“他們是快樂的追尋者”，文中未提及，屬無中生有。

（C）本文介紹了在蘋果節(jié)上的各種各樣的蘋果。雖說是Apple Day，其實該節(jié)日持續(xù)接近一個月的時間。在這段時間里，我們可以觀看和品嘗到各種蘋果，包括稀有品種的蘋果。

28. D 細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see， and often taste， a wide variety of apples可知，參加蘋果節(jié)可以觀看到并經(jīng)常嘗到各種各樣的蘋果。選項D中的many kinds of與文中的a wide variety of是同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

29. C 推理判斷題。由二段中的...it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence such as Decio which was grown by the Romans（見到現(xiàn)在依然存在的古典蘋果，如羅馬人種植的Decio，可以說是大開眼界）可知，由此判斷Decio非常稀少。

30. B 詞義理解題。由畫線詞所在句but youll need a warm， sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it， so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it可知“需要溫曖不當風的地方，且具有完美土質(zhì)，才可以種植它，因此，對相信可以種植它的大多數(shù)蘋果愛好者都希望落空”，由因（種植條件苛刻）推果（想種種不了），故選B。

31. B 作者意圖題。由第一段第一句If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see whats around和第后一段第一句Apple Days are being held...可知，作者在介紹蘋果節(jié)，故選B。

（D）本文是調(diào)查報告，結(jié)果表明社交網(wǎng)站上正面消息較負面消息更易傳播。

32. A 細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers可知，那些經(jīng)典規(guī)則適用于新聞媒體，故選A，因News reports （新聞報道）是the evening broadcasts and the morning papers（晚間新聞和早報）的概括；第二段第一句“The‘if it bleedsrule works for mass media”進一步證實，選A。

33. C 推理判斷題。由第二段第二、三、四句可知，像Debbie Downer這樣的人是不體諒別人的人，故選C。

34. B 細節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后一句He found that science amazed Timesreaders and made them want to share this positive feeling with others可知，選B。

35. D 選擇標題題。由首段But后的內(nèi)容，特別是最后一句scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories，以及最后一段，特別是The more positive an article， the more likely it was to be shared可知，在社交網(wǎng)上正面消息比負面消息更易傳播。故選D。

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