海南黎族傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的翻譯研究

江雯

由于特殊的地理位置和歷史背景，海南黎族豐富多彩的歲時節(jié)日體現(xiàn)出海南文化和民族文化的特質(zhì)。黎族民族的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日相對來看特點比較突出、個性也較為鮮明。那么，黎族人民的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日應(yīng)該怎么翻譯呢？可以從以下幾個傳統(tǒng)黎族節(jié)日入手：

一、小年（Year-off）

正月十五是黎族小年，黎語稱“因包”或“祝將”，相當(dāng)于漢族的元宵節(jié)。The fifteenth day of the lunar New Year is “year-off”， in Lis language is “inbow” or “jujoin”. On this day， they will make sticky rice cake， Tangyuan （Glutinous Rice Balls）， Pop Sweet Rice and so on. Every family should prepare chicken and pig as sacrifice to ancestors and local guardian god. On that evening， the Li family will reunite to enjoy a dinner and discuss about production planning and family affairs together.

有些外來語是無法使用已有英文詞匯完整表達(dá)出來的。如“因包”這樣的黎語，可使用詞語合成法將“因包”譯為“inbow”。而湯圓這種食物，一般英語國家家庭很少接觸到的，先采用拼音譯法，再通過注解的方式介紹其形狀材料，給聽者留下大致印象即可。

二、三月三（Sanyuesan Festival）

The third day in the third month of lunar calendar is a lucky day for Li to memorize ancestors， celebrate newborns， praise life， and pursuit love. On this day， all the people get up early. Women are busy with pounding “shanlan” glutinous rice and preparing other festival food； young girls are gathering leaves to dye the rice； men are hunting and fishing. All Families butcher chicken， pork and spirits for dinner. The girls are dressed up in gold or silver accessories and celebrate the annual “Sanyuesan” Festival by singing and dancing.

三月三這個詞本身含義很豐富。若直譯為March.3rd，就會與公歷混淆。三月三是我國南方的農(nóng)歷節(jié)日，具有其地域特征和趣味。那么適當(dāng)介紹其具體時間和節(jié)日象征及活動就很有必要了。其中節(jié)日相關(guān)的特色食物，如山欄糯米、五色飯等用簡單的詞語無法讓人理解，不如采用介紹其做法或材料更為直觀。

三、軍坡節(jié)（June po Festival）

軍坡節(jié)也是海南黎族的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。各地黎族過軍坡節(jié)雖然不一定在同一時間，但都與祭祀祖先有關(guān)。

“June po” festival is a traditional festival of the Li nationality in Hainan. It is related to their ancestors worship in spite of different celebrations days for different territories. For instance， Li people who are living in the middle region of Hainan will celebrate it on June 20th in lunar calendar. The legend behind this is the birthday of Tetrarch Dong. On that day， people flock in all quarters to welcome the procession of Tetrarch Dong. The youths lifted up Tetrarch Dong from village to village while drumming brass gong. People should be dressed up to greet Tetrarch Dong. In good harvest year， the village people will invite the famous troupe to perform Hainan opera.

即使在中國非黎族生活地區(qū)的人，第一次聽到軍坡節(jié)都會有很多疑問，無法從字面上理解這個節(jié)日的內(nèi)容，因此不必糾結(jié)于其節(jié)日名稱翻譯，與上段文字中和三月三中采用了較為相似的翻譯處理方法，即音譯發(fā)；但不同的是，因軍坡節(jié)場面比較壯觀，活動更為熱鬧，在介紹時，不再具體描繪某個事物而是活動現(xiàn)場，讓人讀后能有深入其境之感。

四、山欄節(jié)（Shanlan Festival）

The first “Chicken Day” in December of lunar calendar is “Shanlan” Festival. （Chicken Day is one the twelve days which are named by 12 different animals during the festival）. On this day， all families will butcher pigs and cattle （avoid chicken slaughter）， pound glutinous rice into paste to wish each other an excellent harvest for the next year. Young men and women are dressed up， bringing rice paste， playing and swinging under the tree in the edge of the village. This festival for celebrating the harvest normally lasts for five days. Drying clothes， quilts and straw mattress are forbidden during the festival.

中國特色的十二生肖，皆有其對應(yīng)的年月日，這點是外國人無法理解的一個難點。而山欄節(jié)的“雞日”，在處理時用少量文字解釋什么叫做“chicken day”可以稍稍消除人們心中的疑惑。山欄節(jié)的介紹因涉及到民族禁忌，翻譯時則將普遍人們會做什么，以及忌諱做什么介紹出來即可。這樣，外國游客前來黎族文化區(qū)，也可更好地適應(yīng)進(jìn)去。適當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行講解后，能使外國友人更好地感受黎族特殊的地域文化。