布拉克，沙加爾，米羅人行橋，斯特拉斯堡，法國

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：費(fèi)池因格建筑事務(wù)所Architects:Feichtinger Architectes

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布拉克，沙加爾，米羅人行橋，斯特拉斯堡，法國

Braque,Chagall,Mirò Footbridges,Strasbourg,France,2008

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：費(fèi)池因格建筑事務(wù)所Architects:Feichtinger Architectes

項(xiàng)目信息/ Credits and Data

客戶/Client:斯特拉斯堡/City of Strasbourg

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architects:Feichtinger Architectes,Paris

工程設(shè)計(jì)/Engineers:韋克勞姆·維恩工程公司/Werkraum Wien Ingenieure Zt Gmbh

建筑造價(jià)/Building Costs:€ 7,610,000

競賽時(shí)間/Competition:2006

規(guī)劃時(shí)間/Start of Planning:2006.09

開工時(shí)間/Start of Construction:2007.05

完工時(shí)間/Completion:2008.09

攝影/Photos:Jo Pesendorfer

1 實(shí)景/Bridge view

2 總平面/Masterplan

3 平面/Plan

4 縱剖面/Longitudinal section

5 橫剖面/Cross section

一座前工業(yè)碼頭正被轉(zhuǎn)換為新的城市空間，其引人注目的地方是由倉儲大樓改建而成的新媒體中心。

碼頭上的3塊基地被水域彼此隔離。3座新的人行橋?qū)⒒嘏c附近新發(fā)現(xiàn)的具有高密度住宅及辦公區(qū)域的城市空間相連。

3座人行橋都是步行道路，它們延續(xù)了城市組織，將碼頭與城市相連。除了將兩個(gè)城市局部相連，濱水散步體驗(yàn)、感受和看法的重新發(fā)現(xiàn)、對于水域的親近感，都指引了橋的設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)旨在使碼頭成為城市景觀的一部分，并與城市自然地融為一體，而光照與透明性是其主要考慮的問題。橋面對著密集的城市組織，以自由變化的幾何形狀與周圍建筑的壯觀形成對比。由于水域的影響，橋試圖成為自然環(huán)境的一部分。就像昆蟲彼此分散著飛向碼頭對岸時(shí)出現(xiàn)多種橫渡方式一樣，人們可以或快或慢地過橋，比如寬闊的坡道適用于自行車和殘疾人。坡道既是橫渡的一部分，也是設(shè)計(jì)的一部分。

不同路徑在中心匯聚成一個(gè)小廣場，成為水上得天獨(dú)厚的觀景點(diǎn)。

橋面采用當(dāng)?shù)氐臋的句佋O(shè)，由不銹鋼網(wǎng)制成的透明圍欄和橋上的多重光線為人行橋創(chuàng)造了獨(dú)特的氛圍。結(jié)構(gòu)成為樣式的主要部分，被清晰地表達(dá)出來，細(xì)部也被小心地設(shè)計(jì)，暗示被引向岸邊的壓力。

3段橋彼此相關(guān)。它們同屬一個(gè)整體，適應(yīng)于所有特殊的基地條件。一段鋼制箱梁構(gòu)成鉸接于兩岸的拱橋，也成為主要的結(jié)構(gòu)要素。支撐與被支撐正是設(shè)計(jì)的主旨。

連接于拱橋的第二條步行道也由這段鋼制箱梁支撐。牢固集約的主要元素由斜支在箱梁上的輕量透明結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)。水上方的斜坡通過一對傾斜橢圓柱固定在地面上。

動力問題通過置入箱梁的減震器來解決，其幾何形狀使得小船可以從橋下通過（16m×3.85m）。

承重結(jié)構(gòu)是在工廠預(yù)制的，分成兩部分用船運(yùn)到基地，在現(xiàn)場安裝。特殊的柱狀基礎(chǔ)與拱橋的作用相呼應(yīng)。拱橋的幾何形狀由純粹的圓形轉(zhuǎn)化為有機(jī)形態(tài)，完美地反應(yīng)了結(jié)構(gòu)需求。

結(jié)構(gòu)概念旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)輕型施工，考慮了困難的幾何限制條件（船舶交通的結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）和動力學(xué)要求。

主要結(jié)構(gòu)組成部分如下：

（1）拱形結(jié)構(gòu)：跨度42m，寬1.8m，高0.55m，為主要施工對象，以及作為行人步行道。拱橋橫剖面依據(jù)折彎線設(shè)計(jì)，表現(xiàn)形式為焊接而成的箱型梁。

（2）懸臂板條/橋面：主橋面與拱橋平行，由一側(cè)與拱橋相連的懸臂梁構(gòu)成。同時(shí)，縱向梁支撐起步行橋橋面。

（3）坡道：主橋面坡道傾斜橫跨到陸側(cè)，在幾何形式上與陸側(cè)平行。坡道橋面的支撐柱構(gòu)成三角形結(jié)構(gòu)，并與樁基相連。（辛夢瑤 譯）

A former industrial pier is being transformed into a new urban area given it's attraction by the new media centre,a recently adapted storage building.

The presence of water on three sides of the pier isolates the site.The new three footbridges connect the site to the city,a rediscovered neighbourhood with a high density of housing and offices.

The three footbridges are walkways.They continue the urban tissue and link the pier with the city.Besides linking two parts of the city it is the experience of the promenade,the discovering of new perspectives and views,the closeness to the water which guides the design of the bridges.The architectural ambition is to make them part of the urban landscape,integrating them naturally.Lightness and transparency are major issues.The bridges are opposing the dense urban tissue.They contrast the monumentality of the surrounding buildings by their freely adapted geometry.The bridges want to be part of the natural environment,inspired by the presence of water.Like insects they stretch out their members to reach the quay sides offering a multiple choice of crossing – fast and slow,for bicycles and disabled on flat ramps.The ramps are part of the crossing,part of the design.

In the centre the different paths meet to form a plaza over the water forming a privileged viewpoint.

Local oak wood as deck covering,the transparent railing made of a stainless steel cable net and the integrated lighting of the bridge create the specific atmosphere on the bridge.Structure is a main part of the form.It is clearly expressed,details are carefully designed and tell the way forces are led to the banks.

The three bridges are related to each other.They are part of the same family being adapted to the specific site conditions of each.A steel box forming an arch articulated on the banks is the major structural element.Carrying and to be carried is the leitmotiv of the design.

The second walkway joining the arch is being carried by the steel box.The strong compact primary element is completed by a light transparent structure leaning on the box.The ramp over the water is fixed on the ground by a pair of inclined columns.

Dynamics issues are being resolved by the integration of a damper into the steel box.

The geometry allows boats to pass under the bridges(16m×3.85m).

The structure was prefabricated in the factory,divided into two parts,brought to site with a ship and mounted on site.Special pillar foundations are provided to respond to the effects introduced by the arch.The geometry of the arch is adapted to respond perfectly to structural needs transforming the pure circular shape into an organic form.

The ambition of the structural concept was to generate a slender construction,considering difficult geometrical boundary conditions(the structure gauge for shipping traffic)and dynamical requirements.

The main structural components can be described as follows:

(1)Arch structure:with its span of 42m,width of 1.8m and height of 0.55m the arch structure describes the main part of the total construction and is also used as walkway for pedestrians.The cross section of the arch was designed following the bending line and describes a welded box girder.

(2)Cantilever bars/deck:the main deck is located parallel to the arch consisting of cantilever beams which are connected one-sided to the arch.Furthermore,longitudinal beams build up the pedestrian deck.

(3)Ramp:in progress to the main deck ramps close the span to the landside and are geometrically parallel to the landside.The supporting columns of the ramp deck build a triangular structure which is connected with a pile foundation.

6-8 實(shí)景/Bridge views

評論

郝琳：以少勝多的都市再構(gòu)

橋的根本功用是連接。但在本案中，橋被拓展成為都市設(shè)計(jì)的開放因素。原本僵硬、平淡無奇的河岸和中心島，因?yàn)檫@3座橋，而變得更為活絡(luò)和人性化。這得益于橋本身的設(shè)計(jì)所展示出來的清晰場地理解、優(yōu)雅結(jié)構(gòu)、質(zhì)樸細(xì)節(jié)和藝術(shù)內(nèi)涵，也在于其與附近舊有工業(yè)碼頭的格調(diào)匹配。更為重要的，是橋所促進(jìn)的“步行友好型城市”的建成環(huán)境網(wǎng)絡(luò)，為所謂的宜居都市提供了必要生活方式的基礎(chǔ) ——這是一個(gè)以少勝多的重構(gòu)過程，但在場域建構(gòu)的意義上，可能會逐步接近類似蘇州、威尼斯、倫敦，或巴黎的那些橋所通過的真設(shè)計(jì)而展示出的日常社會價(jià)值。

Comments

HAO Lin :A Minimal Intervention of Urban Reconstruction

The primary function of a bridge is to connect.In this project,its role is more about opening up a new urban possibility.The three bridges transformed an otherwise very rigid and ordinary daily reality of river banks and quays.The environment is now much more vibrant and humanized.The quality is achieved by a clear site interpretation,elegant structural design,honest detailing,and artistic crafting,mixing harmoniously with the surrounding industrial environment.More importantly,the linkage encourages a walkable city network and potentially provides a lifestyle infrastructure for livable city.A minimal intervention of urban reconstruction,from a sense of place making,has been unfolding its social value of a real design that we can see day to day from those magnificent bridges in Suzhou,Venice,London,or Paris.

劉晨：斯特拉斯堡老城有的是橋，每座橋都有一個(gè)故事，水流到哪里，故事就講到哪里。城外工業(yè)碼頭上這3座輕盈透明的小橋，并不跟城里歷盡滄桑的石拱橋搶風(fēng)頭，它們只將自己的故事娓娓道來。你騎著單車從布拉克橋上逐風(fēng)而下，飛逝的景物就在那幅立體派圖畫里，你忽然想起，布拉克曾經(jīng)多么喜歡畫橋；或者，你凌波微步踱上米羅橋，才看穿這城市抽象的外殼，發(fā)現(xiàn)它那顆鮮活的童心；也許你更期待一個(gè)靜悄悄的午后在沙加爾橋心憑欄遠(yuǎn)眺，如他當(dāng)年在橋上遇見貝拉一樣，邂逅可愛的人。斯特拉斯堡的德語原意是“道路交匯的地方”。沒有橋的斯特拉斯堡是不可想象的。

LIU Chen :Numerous bridges grace the old town of Strasbourg.Every bridge has a story to tell.The story goes wherever the river flows.Light and transparent,the three footbridges at the former industrial pier are not meant to rival the heavy masonry of the ancient bridges.They tell charming stories of their own:the collage of fleeting scenery when you ride a bike down the Braque bridge,the innocent heart of the city that you gradually approach as you stroll up the Miró bridge,or perhaps – inspired by Chagall's first date with his beloved Bella –a sweet encounter with someone on a quiet afternoon in the middle of the Chagall bridge…the Germanic origin of "Strasbourg" means "Town at the crossing of roads".Strasbourg without bridges would be unimaginable.