和平橋，德利-倫敦德利，北愛爾蘭

建筑設(shè)計：威爾金森艾爾建筑設(shè)計有限公司Architects:WilkinsonEyre

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和平橋，德利-倫敦德利，北愛爾蘭

The Peace Bridge,Derry-Londonderry,Northern Ireland,2011

建筑設(shè)計：威爾金森艾爾建筑設(shè)計有限公司Architects:WilkinsonEyre

和平橋最初的構(gòu)想是在德利-倫敦德利的福伊爾河上的一座標(biāo)志性建筑，將東岸的埃博林頓和西岸的市中心連接起來。橋的命名是為了彰顯它將兩個歷史上分離的社區(qū)連接起來的重要意義，它得到了“歐盟三號和平基金”所發(fā)起的“共享空間項目”的資助。這座橋是一項更宏大的復(fù)興計劃的核心部分，其設(shè)計要求以城市統(tǒng)一為主題，提出具有美感的實體表達。它也是德利-倫敦德利成為2013年“英聯(lián)邦文化之都”的一項重點項目。

項目客戶是艾萊克斯城市復(fù)興公司，它的使命就是規(guī)劃、發(fā)展并維持德利市域范圍內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟、空間和社會復(fù)興。2008年，按照歐盟招投標(biāo)程序選出一系列候選單位后，這座橋的設(shè)計和建造競標(biāo)正式開始。標(biāo)書的要求包括一座“標(biāo)志性的、現(xiàn)代而優(yōu)雅的、代表最高設(shè)計水準的橋梁”，同時應(yīng)使用低維護材料、在造價范圍內(nèi)建造起來。中標(biāo)團隊包括總承包商格拉漢姆建造公司、結(jié)構(gòu)咨詢公司AECOM、建筑設(shè)計公司威爾金森艾爾以及鋼結(jié)構(gòu)加工廠羅科德公司，各方在競標(biāo)和深化設(shè)計過程中緊密合作，以達成一個滿足客戶需求的、經(jīng)濟的設(shè)計建造方案。

這座橋是一座供步行者和自行車通行的自錨式懸索橋。橋面蜿蜒的平面形式具有象征意義。橋面分為兩段弧形部分，各自懸掛在一座傾斜的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)橋塔上。在河流中部，兩個結(jié)構(gòu)體系交疊而形成一次“結(jié)構(gòu)性握手”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)形式在英國應(yīng)該是前所未見的。這座312m長的橋共有6跨，其中的3跨是由懸索支撐的。河流的寬度為96m，通航最小凈空為4.3m。在河流東岸，橋的末端一直延續(xù)至德利通往貝爾法斯特的火車站。

正弦曲線形的橋面形式是為了應(yīng)對福伊爾河兩側(cè)河岸嚴重的不平行。此外，同樣重要的是這座橋在河的任意一側(cè)看來都應(yīng)該是有視覺關(guān)聯(lián)性的。因此，橋梁設(shè)計巧妙地利用對稱性來解決這些問題。同時，這也滿足了最初的設(shè)計要求，即以明顯的視覺方式慶祝兩岸的連接和團聚——橋本身不屬于任何一方，卻同時服務(wù)于兩者。（黃華青 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client:Ilex URC

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計/Structural Engineer:Faber Maunsell/Aecom承建商/Contractor:Graham Construction

跨距/Span:235m

寬度/Width:3.5～4.5m

造價/Value:￡10,000,000

完工時間/Completion:2011.06

攝影/Photos:Ros Kavanagh

1　俯瞰/Aerial view

2　全景/Panoramic view

The Peace Bridge was conceived as a landmark structure across the River Foyle in Derry-Londonderry linking Ebrington on the east bank to the City Centre on the west bank.The bridge is named for its significance in connecting two historically divided communities and is funded by EU PEACE III funding under the Shared Space programme.The bridge was the centrepiece of a wider regeneration plan,and was designed to provide an aesthetically pleasing physical expression of the unification of the city.It was a focal point for when Derry-Londonderry become the "UK City of Culture" in 2013.

The client,Ilex Urban Regeneration Company was set up with a remit to plan,develop and sustain the economic,physical and social regeneration of the Derry City Council area.In 2008,following selection of a shortlist through the OJEU process,a Design & Build tender process for the design and delivery of the bridge was launched.The tender requirements included a "bridge of the highest design qualityiconic,modern and elegant" to be built within budget using low maintenance materials.The winning project team of main contractor Graham Construction,structural engineer AECOM,architect WilkinsonEyre and steelwork fabricator Rowecord worked closely during both tender and detailed design periods to develop an economical solution that fulfilled the client's requirements.

The bridge is a self-anchored suspension bridge for the use of pedestrians and cyclists.The serpentine plan form of the deck is symbolic.The bridge deck is divided into two curved halves,each supported by the suspension system from a single inclined steel pylon.At the centre of the river,the structural systems overlap to form a "structural handshake".The form of the structure is believed to be the first of its kind in the UK.The 312m long bridge has six spans in total,three of which are supported from the cables.The main river span is 96m,with a minimum clearance of 4.3m for navigation.On the eastern bank,the end span bridges over the Derry to Belfast railway.

The sinusoidal bridge deck alignment was conceived to resolve the misalignment of strong physical axes on the opposing banks of the River Foyle.In addition,it was also important that the bridge should not be seen to be visually allied to a particular bank of the river.The design of the bridge is therefore sensitive to these issues through symmetry.In addition,it was a requirement that the bridge must celebrate the connection and reunion of the two banks,visually and boldly-belonging to neither but serving both.

3 橋上看風(fēng)景的行人/the pedestrian enjoying the scenery on the bridge

4 三維模型/3D model

5 總平面/Site plan

評論

范路：福伊爾河上的和平橋呈現(xiàn)了“雙人舞”的形象。兩座鋼結(jié)構(gòu)橋塔傾斜向不同方向，但又相互圍繞。它們各自懸掛的弧形橋身連接成一個S型整體。“雙人舞”既是和平橋的姿態(tài)，也象征了兩岸居民的團聚。S形橋身巧妙應(yīng)對了兩側(cè)河岸嚴重不平行的狀況，并為行人帶來了欣賞“雙人舞”的多種視角。

Comments

FAN Lu:the image of the Peace Bridge across the River Foyle could be understood as a kind of performance of "Pas de deux".Two steel pylons tilt in different directions but around each other.Two bridge decks suspended from those two pylons separately are with serpentine plan form and connected into an S-shaped whole."Pas de deux" describes the formal character of Peace Bridge and symbolize the connection and reunion of the two banks.The S-shaped form of bridge deck not only resolves the misalignment of strong physical axes on the opposing banks of the River,but also provides passers-by on the bridge various perspectives to appreciate the "Pas de deux".

高巖：經(jīng)典的設(shè)計永遠屬于那些可以完美地融合場所精神、場地限制、功能效率、結(jié)構(gòu)選型、形式語言、施工建造和維護使用的“大設(shè)計”。無疑，和平是英國橋梁設(shè)計大師威爾金森·艾爾的又一個杰作！橋，連接原本分開的兩地，卻在連接的過程中孕育著無限的可能性。在福伊爾河上，為了慶祝德利-倫敦德利的聯(lián)合，威爾金森·艾爾創(chuàng)造了一個既不專屬于任何一方，但又輕松自如地連接雙方，展現(xiàn)自身的“曲橋”。橋身斜拉索的受力分布，與橋體蜿蜒的正弦曲線相得益彰，兩個弧線在中間的主跨“結(jié)構(gòu)握手”，象征了雙城的合并，又圓滿地完成了功能和結(jié)構(gòu)的任務(wù)。一個不完全對稱的曲線，雖然看似增加了跨越的長度，卻在不經(jīng)意間解決了兩岸不平行的問題，更重要的是，讓跨越的經(jīng)歷變得如此美妙愉悅！

GAO Yan:An remarkable design always offers holistic response to its context,i.e.synthesizing the spirit of the place,functional efficiency,structural typologies,formal languages,construction,maintenance and operations.Surely,the Peace Bridge is such a masterwork of the British architects Wilkinson Eyre.Inherently,a bridge was designed to connect two places but it breeds infinite possibilities in experience.In order to celebrate the unite of Derry and Londonderry over the Foyle River,Wilkinson Eyre creatively employs a "sinusoidal bridge" allowing perpendicular connection to the unparalleled banks.The stayed cables form a structural synergy with the sinusoidal bridge deck in balancing the stress distributed along the entire span,forming a "handshake" over the primary mid-span.It not only symbolizes the unite of the two cities,but also successfully integrates form with functions and structure.The asymmetric curve appears to increase the overall bridge length,but it inadvertently resolves the normal connection to the unparalleled banks,more importantly,it creates enjoyable and inspiring experience while crossing the river.