令人腦洞大開(kāi)的空氣凈化妙招

當(dāng)霧霾久久揮散不去，當(dāng)呼吸新鮮的空氣、享受湛藍(lán)的天空成為一種奢侈，穹頂之下的我們應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢？為了對(duì)抗霧霾，世界各地的創(chuàng)新達(dá)人設(shè)計(jì)出了各種創(chuàng)意十足的空氣凈化妙招?？祀S本文一起來(lái)開(kāi)開(kāi)眼吧，說(shuō)不定你會(huì)為之心動(dòng)哦！

Beijing is hardly alone in its air pollution woes1）. The World Health Organization has said that roughly half of the world's urban population is exposed to pollution at least 2.5 times higher than it recommends.

While it may take years to fix this global problem， innovative minds in the Asia region have come up with creative solutions for living with air pollution.

在空氣污染問(wèn)題上，北京一點(diǎn)都不孤單。世界衛(wèi)生組織表示，全球約有半數(shù)的城市人口生活在污染程度至少2.5倍于其推薦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的環(huán)境之中（編注：英文原文發(fā)表于2014年7月）。

雖然解決這個(gè)全球性的問(wèn)題或許還需要許多年的時(shí)間，但在亞洲地區(qū)，一些創(chuàng)新達(dá)人已經(jīng)為在有空氣污染的環(huán)境中生活提出了各具創(chuàng)意的解決方案。

DIY Purifier

Thomas Talhelm started worrying about the air inside his Beijing home during "airpocalypse2）" in 2013 when Beijing's air quality index skyrocketed to a terrifying 755—a 500 reading is considered hazardous3） for health， meaning people should avoid outdoor activity.

The Fulbright4） scholar couldn't afford the luxury of5） an expensive air purifier. "Filters are actually very simple—an HEPA6） filter is all you need to get over 96% of the PM2.5，" he said， referring to particulate7） matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers that can penetrate deep into lungs， leading to fatal diseases.

With three of his friends， Talhelm created Smart Air8）， an air purifier consisting of a basic household fan with an HEPA filter attached to it.

It works as efficiently as the big brands selling for thousands of dollars， removing more than 90 percent of PM2.5 in your room， according to Talhelm's research.

Clean Air Forecasts

A blue sky may be rare in Beijing， but when it appears， the city becomes a beautiful place to live.

Dustin Grzesik， the former Beijing resident created a free website and a free Android app—they share the same content and both forecast the next clean air day based on weather patterns.

Grzesik， who is now based in San Francisco， created the website （Banshirne！9）） and the app （Beijing Smogcast） by observing Beijing's weather reports， air quality reports and the US embassy's Air Quality Index Twitter feed.

Invisible Mask

Infipure's10） "nose mask" claims to cut 99% of PM2.5 without the bulkiness of a surgical face mask.

The disposable11） filters， made from non-toxic， latex12）-free materials， are inserted into your nostrils and aim to be undetectable.

"People care about their health， but don't want all the downsides that come with a traditional face mask，" Infipure co-founder Francis Law explained.

Master Battery

Stanford professor Cui Yi and his team have developed a high-energy battery that could potentially increase an electric car's mileage by three times without being recharged.

The nanotube13） lithium14）-ion15） battery is said to outlast current conventional batteries. After 1，000 charging cycles， the battery still retains over half its energy capacity.

Yi's invention can help bolster16） the appeal of electric cars since cheaper， high-energy batteries are needed to compete against traditional vehicles.

Plant Backpack

Taiwanese artist Chiu Chih has designed a survival kit for an apocalyptic world.

Dubbed17） "Voyage on the Planet"， a potted plant is housed inside a clear backpack hooked up to two tubes to funnel18） fresh air into a face mask. It's a bold， abstract take19） on an oxygen tank.

自制凈化器

空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)達(dá)到500即被認(rèn)為有害健康，意味著人們應(yīng)該避免戶外活動(dòng)。所以在2013年，當(dāng)“空氣末日”來(lái)臨時(shí)（當(dāng)時(shí)北京的空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)飆升到了駭人的755），托馬斯·塔爾赫爾姆開(kāi)始為北京家中的空氣質(zhì)量感到擔(dān)憂了。

這位富布萊特學(xué)者享受不起昂貴的空氣凈化器?！斑^(guò)濾器其實(shí)非常簡(jiǎn)單——你只需一個(gè)高效空氣過(guò)濾器就可過(guò)濾掉96%的PM2.5。”他所說(shuō)的PM2.5是指直徑小于2.5微米、能夠深入肺部引起致命疾病的顆粒物質(zhì)。

塔爾赫爾姆和三個(gè)朋友一起用一臺(tái)簡(jiǎn)單的家用風(fēng)扇外加一個(gè)高效空氣過(guò)濾器制作出了“聰明空氣”空氣凈化器。

根據(jù)塔爾赫爾姆的研究，這臺(tái)凈化器和售價(jià)數(shù)千美金的各大名牌產(chǎn)品同樣有效，能夠去除房間中90%以上的PM2.5。

潔凈空氣預(yù)報(bào)

在北京，藍(lán)天也許難得一見(jiàn)，但在有藍(lán)天的日子里，這座城市就會(huì)變成一個(gè)宜居的美麗地方。

曾經(jīng)在北京居住過(guò)的達(dá)斯廷·格熱西克創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)免費(fèi)網(wǎng)站，并推出了一款免費(fèi)的安卓手機(jī)軟件，兩者內(nèi)容相同，都依據(jù)天氣模式預(yù)測(cè)下一個(gè)空氣清新日。

現(xiàn)居住于舊金山的格熱西克通過(guò)觀測(cè)北京天氣預(yù)報(bào)、北京空氣質(zhì)量預(yù)報(bào)以及美國(guó)大使館在推特上推送的空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)信息創(chuàng)建了“辦事兒呢！”網(wǎng)站，并開(kāi)發(fā)了“Beijing Smogcast”手機(jī)軟件。

隱形口罩

盡飛保“鼻塞式口罩”聲稱，無(wú)需佩戴笨重的醫(yī)用外科口罩，即可將PM2.5吸入量減少99%。

這種一次性過(guò)濾器由無(wú)毒且不含膠乳的材料制作而成，可塞入鼻孔使用，旨在起到隱形的效果。

“人們關(guān)心自己的健康，但又不愿忍受佩戴傳統(tǒng)口罩帶來(lái)的種種不便?！北M飛保公司的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人弗蘭西斯·勞解釋說(shuō)。

高能電池

斯坦福大學(xué)教授崔屹及其團(tuán)隊(duì)已研發(fā)出一種高能電池，該電池有望將電動(dòng)汽車(chē)一次充電的續(xù)航里程提升三倍。

據(jù)稱，這種納米管鋰離子電池要比現(xiàn)有的傳統(tǒng)電池更為耐用。在經(jīng)過(guò)1000次循環(huán)充放電后，這種電池的剩余電量依然過(guò)半。

崔屹的這項(xiàng)發(fā)明有助于提升電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的市場(chǎng)吸引力，因?yàn)樵谂c傳統(tǒng)燃料汽車(chē)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，價(jià)格更加低廉的高能電池是非常必要的。

植物背包

臺(tái)灣藝術(shù)家邱志（音）為處于末日陰影下的世界設(shè)計(jì)了一套求生裝備。

這套名為“地球旅行”的呼吸裝備是在一個(gè)透明的背包中放入一株盆栽植物，通過(guò)連接背包的兩根管子將背包內(nèi)的新鮮空氣輸送到面罩里。這是模擬氧氣罐的一個(gè)大膽而又抽象的設(shè)計(jì)。

Breathing Bike

British artist Matt Hope admits his breathing bike looks "ridiculous".

Hope attached a small generator to the bike's back wheel and as he pedals， electricity is produced to power his homemade filtration system. The air is pulled through a perforated20） trash bin where dust particles get positively charged and stick to a metal trumpet21） within the bin. Clean air is then sent through a tube and received in Hope's fighter-pilot mask.

"Earth has a breathable atmosphere； that's why we're here. Being attached to air filtering devices， it defies the point of being alive，" Hope said.

Smog Vacuum

Daan Roosegaarde has been working on a smog vacuum—an electromagnetic field generated by copper coils that will suck pollutants from the sky to the ground like a vacuum， making way for clean air. He hopes to test out his design in a park environment.

A byproduct of this smog vacuum， namely The Smog Free Tower， is the "smog ring"—a piece of jewelry made from smog particulates.

"The pollution we suck up， the small particles， we don't throw them away. We put them under pressure for a couple of weeks and they crystallize， creating the notion22） of a diamond，" Roosegaarde explains.

"By creating a place where you can feel the difference， where you can see the difference， people get an incentive to work together to say， hey， what should we do to make a whole city clean like this？" Roosegaarde says.

會(huì)呼吸的自行車(chē)

英國(guó)藝術(shù)家馬特·霍普承認(rèn)，他的會(huì)呼吸的自行車(chē)看起來(lái)有些“滑稽可笑”。

霍普在這輛自行車(chē)的后輪上安裝了一臺(tái)小型發(fā)電機(jī)，當(dāng)他踩動(dòng)腳蹬時(shí)，發(fā)電機(jī)就會(huì)發(fā)電，為他自制的過(guò)濾系統(tǒng)供電?？諝庀仁潜晃胍粋€(gè)帶孔的垃圾桶中，塵埃顆粒在此帶上正電荷并被吸附在桶內(nèi)的一個(gè)喇叭形金屬組件上。隨后，清潔的空氣便會(huì)通過(guò)一根輸氣管被送到霍普的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員面罩里，供其呼吸之用。

“地球上有可供呼吸的大氣，因而我們?nèi)祟惒拍茉诘厍蛏习布?。?dāng)我們把自己和空氣過(guò)濾裝置連在一起時(shí)，那就違反了生存的要義?！被羝照f(shuō)。

煙霧真空吸塵器

丹·羅斯加德一直在建造一臺(tái)煙霧真空吸塵器——由銅線圈產(chǎn)生的電磁場(chǎng)可以像真空吸塵器一樣將污染物從天空吸到地面，只留下干凈的空氣。他希望能在公園的環(huán)境中檢驗(yàn)自己的這一設(shè)計(jì)。

這臺(tái)煙霧真空吸塵器名為“霧霾凈化塔”，其副產(chǎn)品為“霧霾戒指”，即用霧霾顆粒制作而成的首飾。

“我們不會(huì)把吸出來(lái)的那些污染物微粒扔掉。這些微粒在經(jīng)過(guò)幾周的加壓處理后會(huì)結(jié)晶，形成類似鉆石的小飾品?！绷_斯加德介紹說(shuō)。

“通過(guò)創(chuàng)建這樣一個(gè)場(chǎng)所，可以讓人們親眼看到、親身感受到其中的區(qū)別所在，可以促使人們共同思考這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題——嘿，我們應(yīng)該怎樣做才能讓整座城市都變得這么潔凈呢？”羅斯加德說(shuō)。

丹·羅斯加德（Daan Roosegaarde），荷蘭新銳建筑師、藝術(shù)家，致力于使建筑與公共空間更具開(kāi)放性并與人產(chǎn)生更多的互動(dòng)，其代表作品有“智能高速公路（Smart Highway）”、薄如蟬翼的智能服裝“親密（Intimacy）”等。此外，他還計(jì)劃在北京建造第一個(gè)空氣凈化公園。

1. woe [w??] n. （常作復(fù)數(shù)）麻煩；問(wèn)題；困難

2. airpocalypse： 空氣末日。該詞由air和apocalypse （世界末日；大災(zāi)難）兩個(gè)單詞合成。

3. hazardous [?h?z?d?s] adj. 有危險(xiǎn)的；有危害的

4. Fulbright： 富布萊特獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得者（1946年，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)通過(guò)參議員James William Fulbright的提案，決定設(shè)立富布萊特獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，派遣美國(guó)學(xué)生及學(xué)者到海外進(jìn)修或接受外國(guó)學(xué)生及學(xué)者到美國(guó)進(jìn)修）

5. afford the luxury of： 難得能享受……

6. HEPA： （high-efficiency particulate arresting的縮寫(xiě)）高效空氣過(guò)濾器

7. particulate [pɑ??t?kj?l?t] adj. 微粒的，顆粒的

8. 其網(wǎng)址為www.smartairfilters.com/zh。

9. 其網(wǎng)址為banshirne.com。

10. Infipure： 盡飛保，是一家生產(chǎn)“鼻塞式口罩”的公司。

11. disposable [d??sp??z?bl] adj. 用后即丟棄的；一次性的

12. latex [?le?teks] n. （天然）膠乳；（尤指橡膠樹(shù)的）橡漿

13. nanotube [?n?n??tju?b] n. 【化】納米管

14. lithium [?l?θi?m] n. 【化】鋰

15. ion [?a??n] n.【化】離子

16. bolster [?b??lst?（r）] vt. 支持；提高

17. dub [d?b] vt. 把……稱為；給……起綽號(hào)

18. funnel [?f?nl] vt. 使通過(guò)小口子；使流經(jīng)漏斗形空間

19. take [te?k] n. 看法；意見(jiàn)（多與on連用）

20. perforated [?p??f?re?t?d] adj. 穿孔的；有孔的

21. trumpet [?tr?mp?t] n. 喇叭形物

22. notion [?n???n] n. 別致的小東西，精巧的玩意兒