單句語法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

河南 張英杰

單句語法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

河南 張英杰

1. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes______（be）active at the wrong time of day.

2. The more birds are exposed to light，the more_____（act）they are at night.

3. I have people_____（come）to me saying “You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls？”

4. Singing is a______（cost）behaviour and it takes energy.

5. It is thought_____they are capitalizing on their predators（天敵）fleeing to quieter areas.

6. Robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves______（hear）over loud noise.

7. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone，quite unaware of_____is going on around them.

8. The early morning sees the_____（arrive）of large trucks with tomatoes.

9. Official fight-starters get things______（go）by casting tomatoes at the crowd.

10. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be，at least for the moment，in worlds of their own_____ are，to them，much more important than the welfare of others.

11. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning ______a cyclist went round me.

12. Cyclists jump on and off pavements，ride_____ speed along the pavements，and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.

13. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese_____（weigh）about four kilos.

14. They should pay some sort of tax and_____（fine）for not wearing them.

15. The rest of us have to evade（避讓）them or just stand still to wait for the_____（avoid）collision.

16. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist ______（ride）on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.

17. Some pedestrians are_____threat to road safety.

18. The label tells you_____each axis measures.

19.______（read）a line graph，it’s important to focuson the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points.

20. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2，______means that the bird flew farther on Day 2. 21. It is_____attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.

22. Indeed science is so good at what it does _____there’s always a temptation（誘惑）to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.

23. _____one would expect，his writing is mostly clear and，to be fair，some chapters stand out above the rest.

24. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed，and the unwritten，which must_____（obey）if free men live together.

25. I enjoyed，for instance，the chapter_____Harold discovers how to think on his own.

26. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies，one very powerful man______（rule）over helpless masses.

27. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful ______one chose to live alone in the desert.

28. To make yourself obey what you approved was_____（free）.

29. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was_____the extreme importance.

30._____they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.

31. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control______and would take responsibility for the state.

32. The gap-year phenomenon originated（起源）_____ the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

33. Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth_____all citizens had a right to share.

34. No doubt he had not an idea_____he was speaking Greek.

35. _____is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.

36. That is a record 14.7% increase______the number of students taking a gap year.

37. Athens reached the point_____the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.

38. With no gravity，it’s just as easy to pedal______（violence）.

39. Don’t do to others what you wouldn’t like______（do）to yourself.

40. Great works of art can go______national boundaries.

41. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement______the discovery by a great scientist.

42. The value of some works of art might be essentially _____（permanence）.

43. Daniel Anderson，a famous psychologist，believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from______of the family.

44. History gives art works special appeal_____（set）them apart.

45. Popular arts are hardly distinguishable_____great arts in some way.

46. For years researchers______（attempt）to show that television is dangerous to children.

47. Now researchers are applying scientific methods _____the study of the universality of art.

48. The reason_____the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area.

49. People are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they______access it at a later date.

50. Once_____（call）the Garden of Amsterdam，it still attracts travellers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests.

51. ______most of the Netherlands，Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.

52. An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but_____（build）the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.

53. In the context（背景）of this discussion，it seems ______（value）to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children.

54. If parents of earlier generations______（want）to be in touch with their college-age children frequently，would this have been possible？

55. Tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods，______signs asking them not to.

56.______Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River，the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.

57. _____（astonish），the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation，and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening.

58. The weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison_____total waste.

59. ______（create）products out of the raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.

60. In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility_____（consider）or has been put in place as an incentive（動(dòng)機(jī)）for reducing waste.

【參考答案與解析】

1.【解析】being?？疾閯?dòng)名詞?！發(fā)ead to”中的to是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，且空格處與其邏輯主語“some genes”之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞。

2.【解析】active?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境“the more”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞，且與語境“they are”呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞，即active。

3.【解析】coming?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞?！癱ome”和句子謂語“have”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，且和其邏輯主語“people”之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行的概念，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

4.【解析】costly?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞的詞為形容詞，故此處用形容詞costly修飾名詞behaviour，符合語境。

5.【解析】that?？疾槊~性從句。it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)真正的主語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，符合語境。

6.【解析】heard?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞?！癶ear”和句子謂語“have started”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和其邏輯主語“themselves”之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

7.【解析】what?？疾槊~性從句。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語，符合語境。

8.【解析】arrival?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)定冠詞the和介詞of的限定可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞形式，即：arrival。

9.【解析】going?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。“go”和句子謂語“get”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和其邏輯主語“things”之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

10.【解析】that/which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞“worlds of their own”，符合語境。

11.【解析】when?？疾檫B詞。固定句型：be doing... when...意為“正在做某事時(shí)，突然……”，符合語境，故用連詞when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。

12.【解析】at?？疾榻樵~。在表示“速度、價(jià)錢、頻率等”時(shí)，經(jīng)常用介詞at。

13.【解析】weighing。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！皐eigh”和句子謂語“is”之間沒有連詞，且和其邏輯主語“Stilton cheese”之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。

14.【解析】be fined?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，“fine”和句子主語“they”之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與“pay”并列，故應(yīng)填be fined。

15.【解析】unavoidable。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞的詞為形容詞，且此處表示否定的概念，故應(yīng)填unavoidable，符合語境。

16.【解析】riding?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞?！皉ide”和句子謂語“knock”之間沒有連詞，且和其邏輯主語“a cyclist”之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。

17.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~?！皌hreat”在此處是抽象名詞具體化，故用不定冠詞修飾。

18.【解析】what。考查名詞性從句。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作賓語，符合語境。

19.【解析】To read。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。“read”和句子謂語“is”之間沒有連詞，故此處用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處不定式表示目的，符合語境。

20.【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞，即前面整個(gè)句子，符合語境。

21.【解析】an?？疾楣谠~。固定搭配：an attempt to do sth.意為“嘗試做某事”，故用不定冠詞修飾。

22.【解析】that。考查連詞。so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，符合語境，故用連詞that。

23.【解析】As?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。as引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，意為“正如”，修飾先行詞，即后面的整個(gè)句子，符合語境。

24.【解析】be obeyed?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)?！皁bey”和句子的主語“the unwritten”之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用be obeyed。

25.【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，修飾先行詞“the chapter”，符合語境。

26.【解析】ruling?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。“rule”和句子謂語“were”之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和其邏輯主語“a man”之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。

27.【解析】unless。考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“除非”的含義，且后面跟的是一個(gè)從句，故填連詞unless。

28.【解析】freedom。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示一個(gè)抽象性的概念，即“自由”，故填抽象性名詞freedom。

29.【解析】of?？疾榻樵~。be of+抽象性名詞=be+形容詞，符合語境，故填介詞of。

30.【解析】That。考查名詞性從句。that引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，符合語境。

31.【解析】themselves。考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用代詞作賓語，且其與句子主語“all men”構(gòu)成呼應(yīng)，故應(yīng)填反身代詞，即themselves。

32.【解析】with?？疾閣ith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。“with+名詞/代詞+非謂語動(dòng)詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語”，即with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，符合語境。

33.【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，修飾先行詞“a cooperative business”，符合語境。

34.【解析】that。考查名詞性從句。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，對(duì)同位語“idea”的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。

35.【解析】It?？疾榇~。it作形式主語，指代that引導(dǎo)的真正的主語從句，符合語境。

36.【解析】in?？疾榻樵~。an increase in...意為“在某方面有所增長”，符合語境，故填介詞in。

37.【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，修飾抽象性先行詞“point”，符合語境。

38.【解析】violently。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞，在句中作狀語，故應(yīng)用副詞“violently”修飾動(dòng)詞pedal。

39.【解析】to be done?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)固定搭配：would like to do sth.，且此處表示被動(dòng)的概念，故應(yīng)填不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語。

40.【解析】beyond?？疾榻樵~。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“超越”的概念，故用介詞beyond，后跟名詞作賓語。

41.【解析】as。考查介詞。與語境中的as呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)填介詞as，構(gòu)成同類比較結(jié)構(gòu)，即：as...as...，符合語境。

42.【解析】permanent。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞，在句中作狀語，且空格處與be動(dòng)詞呼應(yīng)，故應(yīng)填形容詞permanent作表語，符合語境。

43.【解析】those。考查代詞。此處指代語境中的“influences”，且被介詞短語“of the family”修飾，表示同類不同物的復(fù)數(shù)概念，故填代詞those。

44.【解析】to set?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。此處不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表示目的，和固定詞組“appeal to doing sth.”沒有關(guān)系。

45.【解析】from?？疾榻樵~。固定詞組搭配：be distinguishable from意為“與……有所不同”，符合語境，故填介詞from。

46.【解析】have attempted?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。for+時(shí)間段，句子經(jīng)常用完成時(shí)，且空格處與從句中謂語動(dòng)詞is形成呼應(yīng)，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

47.【解析】to。考查介詞。固定搭配：apply...to...意為“把……應(yīng)用于……”，符合語境。

48.【解析】why?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。why引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作原因狀語，修飾先行詞“the reason”，符合語境。

49.【解析】can?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。在so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，從句經(jīng)常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could，且主從句時(shí)態(tài)一致，故此空填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。

50.【解析】called?？疾槭÷浴１揪涫且粋€(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)是：Once it is called...。當(dāng)主從句主語一致時(shí)，從句的主語和系動(dòng)詞可以省略，故應(yīng)填called。

51.【解析】Unlike?？疾榻樵~。根據(jù)語境“actually”可知，此處表示“不像”的含義，且空格后跟的是名詞，故應(yīng)填介詞unlike，符合語境。

52.【解析】to build?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。固定詞組搭配：have no choice but to do意為“別無選擇只有……”，符合語境，故用不定式。

53.【解析】valuable?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。valuable是形容詞，作系動(dòng)詞“seem”的表語，符合語境。

54.【解析】had wanted?？疾樘摂M語氣。根據(jù)語境“would this have been possible”可知，本句是一個(gè)對(duì)過去情況虛擬的虛擬條件句，故從句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。

55.【解析】despite。考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知，前后語句之間表示的是邏輯上的讓步關(guān)系，且空格后是名詞，而不是句子，故填介詞despite，意為“盡管”。

56.【解析】Since。考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，上下句之間表示的是邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，故填連詞since，意為“既然”。

57.【解析】Astonishingly?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境及逗號(hào)提示可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞形式，修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語，且表示“令人吃驚地”，故填A(yù)stonishingly。

58.【解析】to。考查介詞。固定短語搭配：in comparison to 意為“與……比較”，符合語境，故填介詞to。

59.【解析】Creating?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。此處是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，符合語境。

60.【解析】is being considered。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)空格處與語境“or has been put in place”形成呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示“正在”的含義，且與句子的主語“the concept of extended producer responsibility”之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

（作者單位：河南省新密市第二高級(jí)中學(xué)）