• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    A new type of dinosaur eggs from Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China

    2016-03-29 03:07:22XIEJunFangZHAnGShuKangJInXingShengLIDaQingZHOULingQi
    古脊椎動物學報(中英文) 2016年1期
    關鍵詞:民和小枝恐龍蛋

    XIE Jun-FangZHAnG Shu-KangJIn Xing-ShengLI Da-QingZHOU Ling-Qi

    (1Zhejiang Museum of Natural HistoryHangzhou 310014)

    (2Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044 * Corresponding author: zhangshukang@ivpp.ac.cn)

    (3Gansu Geological MuseumLanzhou 730030)

    A new type of dinosaur eggs from Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China

    XIE Jun-Fang1ZHAnG Shu-Kang2*JIn Xing-Sheng1LI Da-Qing3ZHOU Ling-Qi3

    (1Zhejiang Museum of Natural HistoryHangzhou 310014)

    (2Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044 * Corresponding author: zhangshukang@ivpp.ac.cn)

    (3Gansu Geological MuseumLanzhou 730030)

    The Early Cretaceous outcrops in Gansu Province, northern China, have yielded numerous dinosaur skeleton remains and tracks; however, fossil eggs have not been reported in literatures. Here, we describe a new type of dinosaur eggs from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin, representing a new oogenus and a new oospecies, attributed to a new oofamily. The new specimen can be distinguished from other known dinosaur eggs by the combination of the following eggshell micro-features: branched eggshell units lacking a compact layer near the outer surface; interlocking or isolated multi-angular eggshell units, as viewed in tangential sections; and irregular pore canals. Dinosaur eggs from China largely come from the Late Cretaceous deposits, with occasional reports from the Early Cretaceous in Liaoning Province, northeastern China. The new discovery expands the geological and geographical distribution of the fossil record of dinosaur eggs in China and may reveal the origin of eggshell microstructures of spheroolithid eggs.

    Lanzhou-Minhe Basin, Gansu; Early Cretaceous; Polyclonoolithidae; dinosaur egg

    1 Introduction

    Compared to those from Upper Cretaceous deposits, fossil eggs from the Lower Cretaceous worldwide are relatively rare. They have been recovered from China, Mongolia, Thailand, Korea, Japan, Spain, and North and South America, including elongatoolithids, macroelongatoolithids, prismatoolithids, spheroolithids, faveoloolithids, dendroolithids,reptilian eggs belonging to turtle and crocodile, as well as eggs whose parataxonomic positions are still unknown (Nessov and Kaznachkin, 1986; Kurzanov and Mikhailov, 1989; Kohring, 1990; Bray, 1998; Zelenitsky et al., 2000; Azuma, 2003; Buffetaut et al., 2005; Buscalioni et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2009; Canudo et al., 2010; Grellet-Tinner et al., 2012; Moreno-Azanza et al., 2009, 2014a, b). In China, fossil eggs from the Lower Cretaceous were only reported in Liaoning Province, assigned to the oofamily Elongatoolithidae (Zhao and Zhao, 1999). Most of the ootaxa mentioned above were also recovered from Upper Cretaceous deposits.

    The Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin of Gansu Province is very rich in dinosaur bones and tracks (Qi and Yu, 1999; Zhang et al., 2006; You et al., 2005, 2006, 2008), whereas discoveries of dinosaur eggs are rare. In 2009, the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences discovered some fossil eggshell fragments in Zhongpu, a town in Lanzhou Basin. However, this discovery remains unpublished, possibly because of uncertainty about the locality and formation that yields the fossil material. In November of 2012, fossil eggshells were again discovered in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. Here, we provide a detailed description of the new discovery of dinosaur egg and associated eggshell fragments from Gansu Province. Based on the unique microstructure of the eggshell, we established a new oogenus and oospecies, within a new oofamily. The new discovery has important implications for understanding the diversity and the geological and geographical distribution of Early Cretaceous dinosaur eggs in China, as well as the evolution of dinosaur eggshell structure.

    2 Material and methods

    The incomplete egg (ZMNH M1849) was collected from the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin, by a work team from Gansu Geological Museum (GGM), Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IVPP) and Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (IGCAGS) during the field investigation. Laboratory preparation included removal of sediment from the eggshell with small hand tools. The poorly preserved egg exhibits varying degrees of weathering. Therefore, the least weathered fragments were selected for examination, using a Nikon SMZ1000 stereomicroscope to view the outer surfaces. The eggshell fragments were prepared as standard radial and tangential petrographic thin sections (0.03 mm thick) and studied under a Nikon Eclipse polarized light microscopy (Nikon eclipse LV100POL, PLM). Additional eggshells were coated in gold (10 nm), mounted on aluminum stubs, and imaged by a Hitachi S-3700N Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at 20 kV. Structural attributes (eggshell thickness, eggshell unit width) were measured and analyzed with Java image processing software and a digital caliper. The eggshell fragments and the eggshell thin sections are catalogued at the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History (ZMNH).

    3 Locality and geological setting

    The specimen occurred in outcrops near the border of Yongjing and Lintao counties (Yang et al., 2013: fig. 1), in the central region of the Lower Cretaceous Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. The Lanzhou-Minhe Basin is located on the border of Gansu and Qinghai provinces, and represents a typical Mesozoic-Cenozoic intracontinental rift basin in western China. Within the basin, the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group is well exposed (Ye, 1980; Song, 1993; Meng, 1994; Ji, 1995; Cai et al., 2001). It unconformably overlies Ordovician beds or contacts with the Middle and Upper Jurassic by faults. The Hekou Group has a thickness of 4000 m and is composed of sandstone, mudstone, and conglomerate (Editorial Committee of Chinese Stratigraphic Standard, 2000). The Hekou Group is formally divided into Lower and Upper formations and eight informal lithostratigraphic units (Li et al., 2002). The rich dinosaur fauna of the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin includes diverse assemblages of dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and bird tracks (Zhang et al., 2006), three basal titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs (You et al., 2005, 2006; Li et al., 2014), advanced iguanodontidLanzhousaurus magnidens(You et al., 2005) and Polacanthinae (Yang et al., 2013). The fossil egg comes from the fi rst layer of siltstone from the top of the section measured by Yang et al. (2013) of the Hekou Group (Yang et al., 2013: fi g. 2), which indicates a late Early Cretaceous age. This unit records offshore-shallow lacustrine deposits comprised of red brown mudstone with interbedded sage green silty mudstone. The fossil egg was discovered in the same locality with the nodosaurid dinosaur,Taohelong jinchengensis(Yang et al., 2013).

    4 Systematic paleontology

    Polyclonoolithidae oofam. nov.

    Etymology From the type oogenusPolyclonoolithus.

    Type oogenusPolyclonoolithusoogen. nov.

    Included oogenera The type and only oogenusPolyclonoolithus.

    Distribution and age As for the type and only oogenus.

    Diagnosis As for the type and only oogenus.

    Polyclonoolithusoogen. nov.

    EtymologyPolyclon-, in Greek, means “numerous small branches”, in reference to the branched eggshell units;oo, in Greek, from the combining form for ova, meaning egg;lithos, in Greek, means stone.

    Type oospeciesPolyclonoolithus yangjiagouensisoosp. nov.

    Diagnosis As for the type and only oospecies.

    Polyclonoolithus yangjiagouensisoosp. nov.

    (Figs. 1, 2)

    Etymology Yangjiagou, locality of the fossil egg in Gansu Province.

    Holotype An incomplete and highly fragmented egg (ZMNH M1849), housed in ZMNH.

    Locality and horizon Yangjiagou Town, border region of Lintao and Yongjing counties, Gansu Province, China; Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group.

    Diagnosis 1.9 mm thick on average, branched eggshell units and obvious horizontal accretion lines. Eggshell units typically fused towards the outer surface, but lacking a compact layer. Multi-angular eggshell units are interlocked or isolated in tangential sections. Pore canals irregular in shape with large cavities near the inner surface of the eggshell.

    Description The eggshell fragments are surrounded by calcareous sandstone and partly cemented to the matrix, whereas in other areas the eggshells separated easily from sandstone (Fig. 1A). The poor condition provides little information about the egg shape other than it may be less than 10 cm in diameter. Because of extensive weathering, the outer surface of ZMNH M1849 is strongly sculptured, which facilitates identi fi cation of eggshell units and the pore openings in hand sample (Fig. 1B).

    Fig. 1 Photograph of the eggshells, ZMNH M1849 A. The largest eggshell fragment, an incomplete egg, scale bar equals 1 cm; B. Eggshell fragment showing highly weathered surface, scale bar equals 1 mm

    The eggshell thickness ranges between 1.84 and 2.05 mm, with an average of 1.9 mm (Fig. 2A). The closely arranged cones at the inner surface of the eggshell show radiating structure under PLM and SEM (Fig. 2A-B). The height of the cones is about 1/7 of the eggshell thickness. The highly recrystallized portion of the eggshell above the cones represents about 1/4 of the eggshell thickness. The margins of the eggshell units are rather vague in this area. However, the upper 3/5 of the eggshell is well preserved. Eggshell units branch 2-4 times, displaying a sweeping extinction under cross-polarized light. Each eggshell unit typically has more than five branches. The parallel horizontal accretion linesare distributed evenly throughout the eggshell units. Pore canals between eggshell units or the branches of eggshell units are irregular in shape, gradually narrowing towards the outer eggshell surface. The branches of eggshell units are smaller and more closely spaced near the outer surface of the eggshell (Fig. 2A). Tangential sections of the inner surface show multiangular eggshell units that are tightly packed together (Fig. 2C). There are about 45 cones per square millimeter. In the middle portion of the eggshell, multi-angular eggshell units are separated by large rimiform pore canals, whereas most branches of eggshell units are fused near the outer surface of the eggshell (Fig. 2D-E).

    Fig. 2Polyclonoolithus yangjiagouensiseggshell, ZMNH M1849 A. Radial section of eggshell under PLM, showing branched eggshell units and irregular pore canals; the lower white bar marks the boundary between the cones and the upper portion of the eggshell; the upper white bar marks upper 3/5 well preserved eggshell; white arrows point to pore canals; B. Enlargement of cones under SEM; C. Tangential section near the inner surface of eggshell, showing tightly arranged cones; black arrows point to growing centers of cones; D. Tangential section through the middle part of eggshell, showing the isolated eggshell units; white arrows point to pore canals; E. Tangential section through the upper part of eggshell, showing the eggshell units that have fused together; white arrows point to pore canals; scale bars equal 200 μm for A, B, C, and 300 μm for D, E

    Comparison With the exception of the oofamilies Dendroolithidae Zhao & Li, 1988, Dictyoolithidae Zhao, 1994 and Similifaveoloolithidae Wang et al., 2011, ZMNH M1849 can be easily distinguished from all other oofamilies by the presence of branched eggshell units.

    Compared with eggs of the Dendroolithidae, the eggshell units of ZMNH M1849 are not totally fused together near the outer surface of the eggshell; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that this is a result of weathering. A significant difference between ZMNH M1849 and dendroolithid eggs is that the branches of the eggshell units ofPolyclonoolithus yangjiagouensisare gradually narrowing towards the inner surface of eggshell, probably indicating that these branches are independent eggshell units. Perhaps because of recrystallization, radially arranged calcite crystals are absent in the upper portion of the eggshell under SEM. In contrast to ZMNH M1849, the diameters of branches of the eggshell units are relatively constant in radial sections of dendroolithid eggs. On the other hand, dendroolithid eggs’ eggshell units are round or worm-like in tangential sections (Zhao and Li, 1988; Zhao and Zhao, 1998), differing from the multi-angular eggshell units of ZMNH M1849.

    Eggs of the Dictyoolithidae are remarkable for their superimposed branched eggshell units (Zhao, 1994; Wang et al., 2013). But the arrangement of the eggshell units is very irregular, forming a reticulate structure, which is not seen in ZMNH M1849. In tangential sections, the shapes of eggshell units of dictyoolithid eggs are similar to those of dendroolithid eggs, which can be easily distinguished from those of ZMNH M1849.

    Eggshell microstructure of similifaveoloolithid eggs in radial sections resembles that of dendroolithid eggs. The diameters of branches of eggshell units are also constant in radial sections. Tangential sections show numerous, evenly distributed pores with irregular shapes. Adjacent eggshell units fuse together to form the walls of pore canals (Wang et al., 2011). Both radial and tangential eggshell microstructures differ from those of ZMNH M1849. According to these comparisons, we erect a new oofamily Polyclonoolithidae based on the features of ZMNH M1849.

    5 Discussion

    In China, abundant dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous have been divided intoseveral dinosaur egg faunas, showing a general process of evolution of dinosaur eggs. The dinosaur egg fauna from the Tiantai Basin, Zhejiang Province, mainly consists of faveoloolithid, dictyoolithid and macroelongatoolithid eggs, which represents a group that retains primitive structural attributes. The age of this dinosaur egg fauna is 98-91 Ma, corresponding to the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) (Wang et al., 2012). Another primitive dinosaur egg fauna is reported from the Xixia Basin, Henan Province, which primarily includes dendroolithid and macroelongatoolithid eggs. Although the absolute age of these dinosaur eggs is unknown, they are believed to come from Late Cretaceous strata based on the studies of other fossils (Wang et al., 2012).

    According to the comparison above, ZMNH M1849 likely shares a close relationship to the oofamilies Dendroolithidae, Dictyoolithidae and Similifaveoloolithidae. Considering the horizon of ZMNH M1849 (Lower Cretaceous), it may represents a more basic type of dinosaur egg than aforementioned oofamilies, which had been extinct in Late Cretaceous. The discovery of this new oofamily possibly indicates there is an unknown dinosaur egg fauna preserved in the Early Cretaceous strata of China.

    According to the branched eggshell units and irregular pore canals, ZMNH M1849 should have the same eggshell formation mechanism as dendroolithid, dictyoolithid and faveoloolithid eggs (Zhao, 1993). Interestingly, the multi-angular eggshell units are somewhat similar to the eggshell units in the tangential sections near the inner surface of eggshells of spheroolithid eggs (Spheroolithus spheroides,S. chiangchiungtingensisandS.megadermus) (Zhao and Jiang, 1974; Liu et al., 2013), possibly suggesting that this new type of dinosaur egg has some relationships with spheroolithid eggs. If the hypothesis is true, the eggshell formation mechanism of spheroolithid eggs may be the same as that of ZMNH M1849. The “columnar layer” of spheroolithid eggs which is composed of superimposed eggshell units probably was evolved from the branches of eggshell units of the new oofamily Polyclonoolithidae, otherwise may indicates that the branches of eggshell units are actually superimposed eggshell units.

    6 Conclusions

    The fossil egg ZMNH M1849 from Gansu, China is referable to a new oofamily Polyclonoolithidae based on following diagnosis: branched eggshell units without a compact layer near the outer surface, interlocked or isolated multi-angular eggshell units in tangential sections and irregular pore canals. The discovery of the new material expands the diversity and distribution of Early Cretaceous dinosaur eggs in China. The new oofamily Polyclonoolithidae should represents a very basic ootaxon among known oofamilies. Furthermore, ZMNH M1849 has the same eggshell formation mechanism as that of dendroolithid, dictyoolithid and faveoloolithid eggs, and shows some relationships with spheroolithid eggs. It may reveal the origin of eggshell microstructures of spheroolithid eggs.

    Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Ji Shu-An from IGCAGS, You Hai-Lu from IVPP and Yang Jing-Tao from China University of Geosciences (Beijing) for fi eld work and explain the stratigraphic information of Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. We thank Frankie D. Jackson from Montana State University for improving the English text.

    Azuma Y, 2003. Early Cretaceous vertebrate remains from Katsuyama City, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Mem Fukui Pref Dinosaur Mus, 2: 17-21

    Bray S, 1998. Dinosaur eggshellBoletuoolithus carlylensis, oogenus nov. from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah. In: Lucas S G, Kirkland J I, Estep J W eds. Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. New Mexico Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull, 14: 221-228

    Buffetaut E, Grellet-Tinner G, Suteethorn V et al., 2005. Minute theropod eggs and embryo from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand and the dinosaur-bird transition. Naturwissenschaften, 92: 477-482

    Buscalioni A D, Fregenal M A, Bravo A et al., 2008. The vertebrate assemblage of Buenache de la Sierra (Upper Barremian of Serrania de Cuenca, Spain) with insights into its taphonomy and palaeoecology. Cretaceous Res, 29: 687-710

    Cai X F, Li C A, Zhan C S, 2001. Characteristics of dinosaur footprint fossils in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin and theirrelation to the environment and tectonism. Region Geol China, 20: 62-66

    Canudo J I, Gasca J M, Aurell M et al., 2010. La Cantalera: an exceptional window onto the vertebrate biodiversity of the Hauterivian-Barremian transition in the Iberian Peninsula. J Iber Geol, 36: 205-224

    Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 2009. The Annual Report of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1-144

    Editorial Committee of Chinese Stratigraphic Standard: Cretaceous, 2000. Chinese Stratigraphic Standard: Cretaceous. Beijing: Geological Publishing House. 1-124

    Grellet-Tinner G, Fiorelli L E, Salvador R B, 2012. Water vapor conductance of the Lower Cretaceous dinosaurian eggs from Sanagasta, La Rioja, Argentina: paleobiological and paleoecological implications for South American faveoloolithid and megaloolithid eggs. Palaios, 27: 35-47

    Ji L M, 1995. Sporo-pollen assemblages from late phase of Early Cretaceous in Minhe Basin. Acta Bot Sin, 37: 566-573

    Kim S B, Kim Y G, Jo H R et al., 2009. Depositional facies, architecture and environments of the Sihwa Formation (Lower Cretaceous), mid-west Korea with special reference to dinosaur eggs. Cretaceous Res, 30: 100-126

    Kohring R, 1990. Fossil reptile egg shells (Chelonia, Crocodilia, Dinosauria) from the Lower Barremian of Galve (Province of Teruel, SE Spain). Palaeont Z, 64: 329-344

    Kurzanov S M, Mikhailov K E, 1989. Dinosaur eggshells from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia In: Gillette D D, Lockley M G eds. Dinosaurs Tracks and Traces. New York: Cambridge University Press. 109-113

    Li L G, Li D Q, You H L et al., 2014. A new titanosaurian sauropod from the Hekou Group (Lower Cretaceous) of the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin, Gansu Province, China. PLoS ONE, 9: e85979

    Li Q L, Xie G Q, Zhou L Q et al., 2002. Sequence stratigraphic framework of the Hekou Group and evolution of the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. Sediment Geol Tethyan Geol, 22: 73-78

    Liu J Y, Wang Q, Zhao Z K et al., 2013. A parataxonomic revision of spheroolithid eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Quantou Formation in Changtu, Liaoning. Vert PalAsiat, 51: 278-288

    Meng Z F, 1994. Magnetostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous (Hekou Group) near Lanzhou. Acta Geophys Sin, 37 (Supp 2): 342-347

    Moreno-Azanza M, Canudo J I, Gasca J M, 2009. Megaloolithidae eggshell fragments from the Lower Cretaceous of Zaragoza Province (Villanueva de Huerva Formation, Zaragoza, Spain). In: Huerta Hurtado P, Torcida Fernández-Baldor F eds. Actas de las IV Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos. 253-262

    Moreno-Azanza M, Canudo J I, Gasca J M, 2014a. Unusual theropod eggshells from the Early Cretaceous Blesa Formation of the Iberian Range, Spain. Acta Palaeont Pol, 59: 843-854

    Moreno-Azanza M, Canudo J I, Gasca J M, 2014b. Spheroolithid eggshells in the Lower Cretaceous of Europe: implications for eggshell evolution in ornithischian dinosaurs. Cretaceous Res, 51: 75-87

    Nessov L A, Kaznachkin M N, 1986. Discovery of a site in the USSR with remains of eggs of Early and Late Cretaceous dinosaurs. Biol Sci, Zool, 9: 35-49

    Qi H R G, Yu Q W, 1999. The fi rst Cretaceous dinosaur footprints from Minhe Basin, Lanzhou. Region Geol China, 18: 223

    Song J J, 1993. Cretaceous System in Gansu. Acta Geol Gansu, 2: 1-48

    Wang Q, Zhao Z K, Wang X L et al., 2011. New ootypes of dinosaur eggs from the Late Cretaceous in Tiantai Basin, Zhejiang Province, China. Vert PalAsiat, 49: 446-449

    Wang Q, Zhao Z K, Wang X L et al., 2013. New forms of dictyoolithids from the Tiantai Basin, Zhejiang Province of China and a parataxonomic revision of the dictyoolithids. Vert PalAsiat, 51: 43-54

    Wang X L, Wang Q, Jiang S X et al., 2012. Dinosaur egg faunas of the Upper Cretaceous terrestrial red beds of China and their stratigraphical signi fi cance. J Stratigr, 36: 400-416

    Yang J T, You H L, Li D Q et al., 2013. First discovery of polacanthine ankylosaur dinosaur in Asia. Vert PalAsiat, 51: 265-277

    Ye L S, 1980. Hekou Group in the Minhe Basin across the Gansu and Qinghai provinces. J Stratigr, 4: 96-105

    You H L, Ji Q, Li D Q, 2005.Lanzhousaurus magnidensgen. et sp. nov. from Gansu Province, China: the largest-toothed herbivorous dinosaur in the world. Geol Bull China, 24: 785-794

    You H L, Li D Q, Zhou L Q et al., 2006.Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis, a new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group of Lanzhou Basin, Gansu Province, China. Geol Rev, 52: 668-674

    You H L, Li D Q, Zhou L Q et al., 2008.Daxiatitan binglingi: a giant sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China. Gansu Geol, 17: 1-10

    Zelenitsky D K, Carpenter K, Currie P J, 2000. First record of elongatoolithid theropod eggshell from North America: the Asian oogenusMacroelongatoolithusfrom the Lower Cretaceous of Utah. J Vert Paleont, 20: 130-138

    Zhang J P, Li D Q, Li M L et al., 2006. Diverse dinosaur-, pterosaur-, and bird-track assemblages from the Hekou Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Gansu Province, northwest China. Cretaceous Res, 27: 44-55

    Zhao H, Zhao Z K, 1998. Dinosaur eggs from Xichuan Basin, Henan Province. Vert PalAsiat, 36: 282-296

    Zhao H, Zhao Z K, 1999. A new form of elongatoolithid dinosaur eggs from the Lower Cretaceous Shahai Formation of Heishan, Liaoning Province. Vert PalAsiat, 37: 278-284

    Zhao Z K, 1993. Structure, formation and evolutionary trends of dinosaur eggshells. In: Kobayashi I, Mutvei H, Sahni A eds. Structure, Formation and Evolution of Fossil Hard Tissues. Tokyo: Tokai University Press. 195-212

    Zhao Z K, 1994. The dinosaur eggs in China: on the structure and evolution of eggshells. In: Carpenter K., Hirsch K F, Horner J R eds. Dinosaur Eggs and Babies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 184-203

    Zhao Z K, Jiang Y K, 1974. Microscopic studies on the dinosaurian eggshells from Laiyang, Shantung Province. Sci Sin, 17: 73-83

    Zhao Z K, Li Z C, 1988. A new structural type of the dinosaur eggs from Anlu County, Hubei Province. Vert PalAsiat, 26: 107-115

    甘肅早白堊世恐龍蛋化石新類型

    謝俊芳1張蜀康2*金幸生1李大慶3周伶琦3

    (1 浙江自然博物館 杭州 310014)
    (2 中國科學院脊椎動物演化與人類起源重點實驗室,中國科學院古脊椎動物與古人類研究所北京 100044 * 通訊作者)
    (3 甘肅地質博物館 蘭州 730030)

    甘肅省早白堊世地層中,出土了大量恐龍骨骼以及恐龍足跡化石,但是至今未有蛋化石的報道。根據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)于蘭州-民和盆地下白堊統(tǒng)河口組的蛋殼化石,建立一恐龍蛋新蛋屬、蛋種,并將其歸于一新蛋科:Polyclonoolithidae (多小枝蛋科)。新發(fā)現(xiàn)的蛋化石標本不同于所有已知的恐龍蛋類型,具有獨特的顯微特征組合:分叉的蛋殼單元向外延伸至蛋殼外表面,并未在靠近蛋殼外表面處融合成層;弦切面上具相互鏈接或獨立的多角形的蛋殼單元;以及不規(guī)則的氣孔道。中國的恐龍蛋化石大多出自晚白堊世地層,僅在遼寧有早白堊世恐龍蛋的報道。新發(fā)現(xiàn)擴展了中國恐龍蛋化石的地質和地理分布,也有可能為圓形蛋科蛋殼結構的起源提供新的認識。

    甘肅蘭州-民和盆地,早白堊世,多小枝蛋科,恐龍蛋

    Q915. 21

    A

    1000-3118(2016)01-0079-10

    2015-07-17

    Xie J F, Zhang S K, Jin X S et al., 2016. A new type of dinosaur eggs from Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 54(1): 79-88

    國家自然科學基金(批準號:41172027)資助。

    猜你喜歡
    民和小枝恐龍蛋
    挖呀挖,去挖恐龍蛋化石呀
    軍事文摘(2023年20期)2023-12-11 08:23:03
    白鷺和大白鷺羽毛顯微結構觀察
    北風的圍巾
    這個條件好
    上海故事(2020年10期)2020-12-14 04:03:16
    民和縣苜蓿生產中存在的問題及解決途徑初探
    新疆行贈秦全晉
    絲路藝術(2018年1期)2018-04-01 18:10:15
    不一樣的恐龍蛋
    青?;ブ磷迮c民和土族婚禮儀式歌音樂形態(tài)的比較分析
    藝術評鑒(2015年19期)2015-05-30 00:18:01
    好大好大的恐龍蛋
    恐龍蛋找伙伴
    国产午夜精品一二区理论片| 青春草视频在线免费观看| 一个人免费看片子| 日韩大片免费观看网站| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 成人国语在线视频| 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 亚洲欧洲日产国产| 欧美精品高潮呻吟av久久| 王馨瑶露胸无遮挡在线观看| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 美女福利国产在线| av在线老鸭窝| 999精品在线视频| 午夜老司机福利片| 两个人免费观看高清视频| 热re99久久国产66热| 中国美女看黄片| 自线自在国产av| 中文乱码字字幕精品一区二区三区| 亚洲少妇的诱惑av| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 亚洲欧洲国产日韩| 国产精品成人在线| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 国产精品 国内视频| 国产有黄有色有爽视频| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 成年人免费黄色播放视频| 免费黄频网站在线观看国产| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 咕卡用的链子| 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频| 香蕉国产在线看| 在线看a的网站| 久久久久精品人妻al黑| 蜜桃国产av成人99| 91精品伊人久久大香线蕉| 制服人妻中文乱码| 国产成人免费无遮挡视频| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频 | 精品久久久久久久毛片微露脸 | 下体分泌物呈黄色| 一级黄色大片毛片| 建设人人有责人人尽责人人享有的| 亚洲精品第二区| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 99久久人妻综合| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| www.999成人在线观看| 久久毛片免费看一区二区三区| 国产主播在线观看一区二区 | 亚洲精品国产一区二区精华液| 日本猛色少妇xxxxx猛交久久| 日韩中文字幕视频在线看片| 看免费成人av毛片| 久久人人爽人人片av| 人人妻人人添人人爽欧美一区卜| 青草久久国产| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 天天添夜夜摸| 亚洲精品自拍成人| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 在线精品无人区一区二区三| 999久久久国产精品视频| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 精品高清国产在线一区| 曰老女人黄片| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 老司机靠b影院| 欧美日韩黄片免| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 激情视频va一区二区三区| 三上悠亚av全集在线观看| 国产精品麻豆人妻色哟哟久久| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 国产福利在线免费观看视频| 少妇人妻 视频| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 97在线人人人人妻| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密 | 国产精品一二三区在线看| 国产日韩欧美视频二区| 一区二区三区激情视频| 国产视频一区二区在线看| 国产成人精品无人区| 人妻 亚洲 视频| 久久精品熟女亚洲av麻豆精品| 国产精品久久久人人做人人爽| 黄片小视频在线播放| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 性高湖久久久久久久久免费观看| 另类亚洲欧美激情| 一本色道久久久久久精品综合| 国产国语露脸激情在线看| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆| 一级毛片 在线播放| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 水蜜桃什么品种好| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 看十八女毛片水多多多| 天天影视国产精品| 亚洲第一av免费看| 国产精品香港三级国产av潘金莲 | 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| 国产国语露脸激情在线看| 成人黄色视频免费在线看| 亚洲黑人精品在线| 国产一区二区激情短视频 | 免费在线观看完整版高清| 五月开心婷婷网| 日韩伦理黄色片| 一级毛片女人18水好多 | 午夜激情久久久久久久| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 日韩,欧美,国产一区二区三区| 视频区图区小说| 午夜91福利影院| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| av网站免费在线观看视频| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久 | 好男人电影高清在线观看| 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 国产成人欧美在线观看 | 国产黄频视频在线观看| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 曰老女人黄片| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 免费看av在线观看网站| 极品人妻少妇av视频| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 欧美国产精品一级二级三级| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 校园人妻丝袜中文字幕| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品不卡| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 国产成人欧美在线观看 | 一本大道久久a久久精品| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 青草久久国产| 久久九九热精品免费| 国产激情久久老熟女| 欧美久久黑人一区二区| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 免费在线观看影片大全网站 | 午夜福利视频在线观看免费| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 香蕉国产在线看| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 欧美日韩国产mv在线观看视频| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| 国产午夜精品一二区理论片| 免费女性裸体啪啪无遮挡网站| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码 | 欧美成人精品欧美一级黄| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| 在线天堂中文资源库| 亚洲欧洲国产日韩| 色婷婷久久久亚洲欧美| 黄色视频不卡| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 91精品三级在线观看| 婷婷色综合大香蕉| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 99久久人妻综合| 久久天堂一区二区三区四区| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 午夜免费成人在线视频| 精品免费久久久久久久清纯 | 亚洲 欧美一区二区三区| 婷婷色综合www| 在线观看国产h片| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 亚洲精品在线美女| 国产一卡二卡三卡精品| 国产精品国产av在线观看| 欧美日韩综合久久久久久| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 精品一区在线观看国产| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 国产野战对白在线观看| 五月开心婷婷网| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 校园人妻丝袜中文字幕| 欧美日韩黄片免| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 两个人看的免费小视频| 亚洲精品在线美女| 捣出白浆h1v1| 99精品久久久久人妻精品| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 久久久久久久大尺度免费视频| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片 | 午夜影院在线不卡| 午夜av观看不卡| 亚洲国产欧美网| av欧美777| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 女人高潮潮喷娇喘18禁视频| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 色播在线永久视频| 欧美在线黄色| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 一区二区三区四区激情视频| 97在线人人人人妻| 免费观看a级毛片全部| 超碰成人久久| 国产成人精品在线电影| 中国国产av一级| 91成人精品电影| 日本色播在线视频| 久久久久国产精品人妻一区二区| 丝袜美腿诱惑在线| 男男h啪啪无遮挡| 宅男免费午夜| 大码成人一级视频| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 日韩 亚洲 欧美在线| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 国产av国产精品国产| 国产精品久久久人人做人人爽| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 亚洲精品在线美女| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 精品福利观看| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 精品高清国产在线一区| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀 | 亚洲 国产 在线| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 亚洲欧美激情在线| 国产又爽黄色视频| 一区福利在线观看| 欧美日韩精品网址| 日韩视频在线欧美| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 少妇人妻 视频| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 99久久人妻综合| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜| 最黄视频免费看| 成人三级做爰电影| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 日韩电影二区| 1024视频免费在线观看| 精品第一国产精品| 丝袜在线中文字幕| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 国产高清视频在线播放一区 | 国产91精品成人一区二区三区 | 80岁老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 久久九九热精品免费| 国产1区2区3区精品| 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| 国产女主播在线喷水免费视频网站| 欧美另类一区| 久久国产精品影院| 亚洲国产精品999| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 欧美中文综合在线视频| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 另类亚洲欧美激情| av不卡在线播放| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 夜夜骑夜夜射夜夜干| 精品一区二区三卡| 在线看a的网站| 青春草亚洲视频在线观看| 在线亚洲精品国产二区图片欧美| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 久久久久视频综合| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| av在线老鸭窝| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 久久久久视频综合| 欧美成人午夜精品| www.999成人在线观看| 操出白浆在线播放| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 精品视频人人做人人爽| 国产色视频综合| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 又大又爽又粗| 精品少妇内射三级| 美女午夜性视频免费| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 另类精品久久| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 精品国产超薄肉色丝袜足j| 日韩人妻精品一区2区三区| 亚洲欧洲国产日韩| 啦啦啦啦在线视频资源| 日韩av在线免费看完整版不卡| 欧美人与性动交α欧美软件| 天天添夜夜摸| 一本久久精品| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 国产成人精品在线电影| 丰满少妇做爰视频| 免费观看人在逋| 王馨瑶露胸无遮挡在线观看| 欧美人与善性xxx| 一级毛片电影观看| 亚洲精品一二三| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三 | 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄| 亚洲精品国产区一区二| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 又大又爽又粗| a 毛片基地| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片 | 黄色视频不卡| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| 国产成人精品在线电影| 热re99久久国产66热| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密 | 赤兔流量卡办理| 大码成人一级视频| 国产成人系列免费观看| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| 亚洲第一av免费看| 成人三级做爰电影| 午夜福利一区二区在线看| 国产激情久久老熟女| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 777米奇影视久久| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 婷婷丁香在线五月| av欧美777| 一边亲一边摸免费视频| 精品视频人人做人人爽| 国产精品三级大全| kizo精华| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 校园人妻丝袜中文字幕| 黄色视频不卡| 9191精品国产免费久久| 丝袜美腿诱惑在线| 热99国产精品久久久久久7| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 9191精品国产免费久久| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 欧美人与性动交α欧美软件| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 久久精品亚洲熟妇少妇任你| 免费观看人在逋| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 欧美日韩亚洲综合一区二区三区_| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| 视频区欧美日本亚洲| 王馨瑶露胸无遮挡在线观看| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 日韩电影二区| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 大陆偷拍与自拍| 日本色播在线视频| av国产久精品久网站免费入址| 免费黄频网站在线观看国产| 观看av在线不卡| 超碰成人久久| 成年人免费黄色播放视频| 国产激情久久老熟女| av线在线观看网站| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 国产视频一区二区在线看| 午夜福利免费观看在线| 国产高清国产精品国产三级| 成人国产一区最新在线观看 | 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片 | 一区二区日韩欧美中文字幕| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 中文乱码字字幕精品一区二区三区| 国产一卡二卡三卡精品| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| a级毛片黄视频| 国产在线视频一区二区| 亚洲成国产人片在线观看| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 色网站视频免费| 国产一区二区 视频在线| av在线老鸭窝| 国产一区亚洲一区在线观看| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 精品一品国产午夜福利视频| 人人澡人人妻人| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 日日夜夜操网爽| 黄色一级大片看看| 精品久久久精品久久久| 亚洲欧美精品自产自拍| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 国产精品偷伦视频观看了| 性色av一级| 欧美日韩福利视频一区二区| tube8黄色片| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 免费在线观看完整版高清| 91老司机精品| 亚洲成色77777| 中文字幕精品免费在线观看视频| 电影成人av| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频| 久久这里只有精品19| tube8黄色片| 午夜久久久在线观看| 亚洲第一青青草原| 国产av国产精品国产| 欧美日韩亚洲综合一区二区三区_| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 黄片播放在线免费| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密 | 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| netflix在线观看网站| 香蕉丝袜av| 五月天丁香电影| 久久精品成人免费网站| 亚洲精品在线美女| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码 | 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 午夜福利视频在线观看免费| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 捣出白浆h1v1| 美国免费a级毛片| 51午夜福利影视在线观看| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 国产日韩欧美在线精品| 国产男女内射视频| 黄片小视频在线播放| 在线观看免费高清a一片| 国产高清不卡午夜福利| 久久国产精品影院| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 精品人妻一区二区三区麻豆| 免费久久久久久久精品成人欧美视频| 两个人免费观看高清视频| 啦啦啦中文免费视频观看日本| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密 | 国产精品一区二区在线观看99| 高清欧美精品videossex| 婷婷色麻豆天堂久久| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 久久精品国产亚洲av高清一级| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 男女无遮挡免费网站观看| 黄色a级毛片大全视频| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 国产黄色视频一区二区在线观看| 99热国产这里只有精品6| 亚洲第一av免费看| 天堂8中文在线网| 免费高清在线观看日韩| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 日韩视频在线欧美| 国产99久久九九免费精品| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 亚洲av男天堂| 1024香蕉在线观看| 国产免费一区二区三区四区乱码| 视频在线观看一区二区三区| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 高清av免费在线| 91精品三级在线观看| 夜夜骑夜夜射夜夜干| 久久99精品国语久久久| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区蜜桃| 日本猛色少妇xxxxx猛交久久| 亚洲,欧美,日韩| 最近手机中文字幕大全| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看 | 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久 | 久久99一区二区三区| 久久精品久久久久久久性| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 人妻 亚洲 视频| 男男h啪啪无遮挡| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 国产午夜精品一二区理论片| 热re99久久国产66热| 亚洲激情五月婷婷啪啪| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网 | 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看 | 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜爱| 人成视频在线观看免费观看| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 国产精品二区激情视频| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 国产黄频视频在线观看| 亚洲精品一区蜜桃| 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 大陆偷拍与自拍| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| 亚洲国产av影院在线观看| 国产不卡av网站在线观看| 99久久综合免费| 欧美精品一区二区大全| 18禁观看日本| 一级片'在线观看视频| av有码第一页| 中文乱码字字幕精品一区二区三区| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| 日本av手机在线免费观看| 你懂的网址亚洲精品在线观看| 精品少妇一区二区三区视频日本电影| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 国语对白做爰xxxⅹ性视频网站| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 亚洲免费av在线视频| 亚洲第一青青草原| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 黄色怎么调成土黄色| 国产精品久久久久久人妻精品电影 | 亚洲中文av在线| 男人爽女人下面视频在线观看| 男人操女人黄网站| 久热这里只有精品99| 99国产精品99久久久久| 久久中文字幕一级| 一本综合久久免费| 成人黄色视频免费在线看| 在线观看人妻少妇| 在线观看国产h片| 少妇裸体淫交视频免费看高清 | 国产野战对白在线观看| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 国产成人精品久久久久久| 在线亚洲精品国产二区图片欧美| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 最近中文字幕2019免费版| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 777米奇影视久久| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 热re99久久国产66热| 国产色视频综合| 午夜福利视频在线观看免费| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 肉色欧美久久久久久久蜜桃| 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 国产不卡av网站在线观看| 午夜福利视频精品| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 999久久久国产精品视频| √禁漫天堂资源中文www| 老司机影院毛片| 亚洲五月色婷婷综合| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 看免费成人av毛片| 一级a爱视频在线免费观看| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 午夜福利,免费看| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 日本wwww免费看|