避免寫作中的中式英語

劉增艷（青海省西寧市第四高級中學(xué) 青海西寧 810003）

避免寫作中的中式英語

劉增艷（青海省西寧市第四高級中學(xué) 青海西寧 810003）

作為英語老師的我們在批改學(xué)生作文是沒少遇到過中式英語。這是中國英語學(xué)習(xí)者經(jīng)常犯的錯誤。請看下面這篇有我的學(xué)生寫的英語作文《My English teacher》.

My English teacher

There have many teachers in our school,but the teacher I like best is our English teacher. She is a woman who is in her thirties. She is a HuangYuan people. she is kind,she always helps us with our study . We have a good relationship with our English teacher. She treats us as her friends.

I still remember the first time the teacher spoke to me,“Do you have an English name?” She asked.“I haven’t English name.” I answered. Then the teacher wrote on a piece of paper and said,“Give you!” …Her body is very healthy,she is like playing basketball.

She always smiles,we all very like her. We have a good teacher,so we will good good study,day day up.

這篇文章使讀者發(fā)笑。我們的學(xué)生就是再犯同樣的錯誤。我和學(xué)生開玩笑說：“ If you continue writing these kind of sentences,I will give you colour see see.”

我說的這句話也讓同學(xué)們笑了起來。在這篇文章里，我們看到很多Chinglish 句子，那么什么是中式英語呢？中式英語是指中國的英語學(xué)習(xí)者和使用者由于受母語的影響和干擾，硬套漢語規(guī)則和習(xí)慣，在英語交際中出現(xiàn)的不合規(guī)范或不合英語語言和西方文化習(xí)慣的畸形英語。

我們再看一些典型的中式英語。People mountain,people sea.You ask me,me ask who? We are brothers,who and who ah. If you want money,I have no; if you want life,I have one. Three heart two meaning. You give me stop.

Chinglish 在寫作中的諸多表現(xiàn)形式：

1.死搬。中學(xué)生在寫英語句子時普遍存在一種傾向，即根據(jù)所給出的中文提示，逐句進(jìn)行機(jī)械的轉(zhuǎn)換，把單詞一個蘿卜一個坑地填入中文框框里。e.g. 閱讀使我學(xué)到了很多單詞。Reading made me learn lots of correct new words. 正確的句子應(yīng)該是I have learned a lot of new words through reading.其他的例子還有：1).Shanghai’s traffic is very crowded.

The traffic is very heavy in shanghai .2).Our new term has passed one month and more. More than one month has passed since the new term begin.

2.硬套。完全依賴中文字面的意思，不顧詞性的內(nèi)涵、前后搭配而張冠李戴。

我喜歡這本字典，但他價(jià)格太貴了。e.g. I like the dictionary,but it’s price is expensive.正確的句子應(yīng)該是I like the dictionary,but it’s price is too high./but it is too expensive. 其他的例子還有： 1).We played very pleasantly yesterday. We enjoyed ourselves. we had a good time yesterday. 2).My study is very busy. I am busy with my study.

3.畫蛇添足。在用英語遣詞造句時，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有些同學(xué)因受漢語的影響而在句子中添加一些不必要的詞語，從而導(dǎo)致意義上的重復(fù)或表達(dá)不符合英語習(xí)慣。

e.g. 比賽結(jié)束時，請把球拍還給我。Please return back my bats to me when the match ends.正確的句子應(yīng)該是Please return my bats to me when the match ends. 可其他的例子還有： 1). I was doing my lessons when he entered into the classroom.

I was doing my lessons when he entered the classroom. 2). His health has improved better. His health has improved.

4.慣用法的錯誤。在寫作中，有的同學(xué)按漢語句子結(jié)構(gòu)羅列單詞，忽視了單詞的習(xí)慣用法，從而造出很多不合英語習(xí)慣的句子。e.g. 他右眼失明了。His right eye is blind. 正確的句子應(yīng)該是He is blind in the right eye. e.g. 千萬別灰心。Don’t lose your heart. 正確的句子應(yīng)該是 Don’t lose heart. 其他的例子還有：1).welcome you to visit our school. Welcome to our school./You are welcome to visit our school. 2). He said he very liked English and had got many progresses. He said he liked English very much and had made much progress.

那么，如何才能避免中式英語呢？我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該做到以下幾點(diǎn)：1.吃透中文意思，擺脫中文字面束縛，以清晰的文字表達(dá)原文的意思。2. 課下應(yīng)多多的閱讀，因?yàn)橹挥写罅块喿x原汁原味的英文資料，才能更多的了解西方國家的文化、歷史及相關(guān)的社會背景等等，這樣在寫作時選詞會更地道。3.熟悉并掌握句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于中國學(xué)生正確、完整表達(dá)句子。再次，要克服母語對英語寫作的干擾，進(jìn)行一些中英文思維轉(zhuǎn)換訓(xùn)練，最終避免出現(xiàn)漢語式英語。

10.19312/j.cnki.61-1499/c.2016.02.043