趙鴻玉 李曉敏 柏建雪
甘露醇治療青光眼出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)的護(hù)理措施分析
趙鴻玉 李曉敏 柏建雪
目的 探討甘露醇治療青光眼出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)的護(hù)理措施,以便為臨床提供參考。方法 按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字法將我院接診的甘露醇治療青光眼出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)60例分為2組,每組30例,對(duì)照組以常規(guī)護(hù)理處理,而研究組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上加用精細(xì)化護(hù)理,比較兩組護(hù)理后眼壓降幅、住院時(shí)間、護(hù)理滿意率。結(jié)果 研究組患者護(hù)理滿意率、護(hù)理后眼壓降幅高于對(duì)照組,而住院時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。結(jié)論 甘露醇治療青光眼后不良反應(yīng)較多,積極實(shí)施精細(xì)化護(hù)理干預(yù)可以更好地治愈不良反應(yīng),并提高滿意率,使得降眼壓效果更佳。
甘露醇;青光眼;不良反應(yīng);精細(xì)化護(hù)理
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9316.2016.13.134
青光眼是指患者眼內(nèi)壓間斷或持續(xù)升高造成的眼部疾?。?],持續(xù)升高會(huì)誘發(fā)眼球視神經(jīng)與眼內(nèi)各組織受壓、撞擊,最終使得視力下降與視野縮小,甚至導(dǎo)致患者失明[2]。青光眼常用治療藥物為甘露醇,但治療期間不良反應(yīng)較多,不利于患者治療后康復(fù)[3-4]。為了進(jìn)一步探討甘露醇治療青光眼出現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)的護(hù)理措施,我院實(shí)施了研究,報(bào)道如下。
1.1一般資料
按照隨機(jī)抽樣的方式選擇我院接診的甘露醇治療青光眼后不良反應(yīng)患者60例進(jìn)行研究,納入時(shí)間2014年3月~2016年3月。納入研究的患者均以甘露醇治療,簽署知情同意書愿意配合本次研究,均出現(xiàn)不同程度不良反應(yīng),包括急性肺水腫、急性顱內(nèi)壓降低、急性腎衰、水電解質(zhì)紊亂等。按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字法將他們分為2組,每組30例,對(duì)照組:男17例、女13例;平均年齡(46.2±4.9)歲(14 ~71歲)。研究組:男16例、女14例;平均年齡(46.5±4.7)歲(15 ~69歲)。兩組一般資料差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),可對(duì)比。
1.2方法
對(duì)照組按照常規(guī)護(hù)理處理,如應(yīng)用甘露醇前檢查有無結(jié)晶,有則加熱到溶解;輸液期間檢查靜脈通常與否,有無穿刺點(diǎn)外滲等;若有不良反應(yīng)及時(shí)上報(bào)并協(xié)助處理[5]。
研究組患者對(duì)護(hù)理滿意率為93.33%(28/30),高于對(duì)照組的76.67%(23/30);兩組患者不良反應(yīng)均經(jīng)治療與護(hù)理后好轉(zhuǎn)或治愈,全部出院,其中研究組患者住院時(shí)間為(3.04±0.97) d,對(duì)照組則為(5.14±1.03) d,研究組短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);研究組護(hù)理后眼壓降幅為(25.87±4.16) mm Hg,高于對(duì)照組的(20.14±5.32)mmHg(P<0.05)。
甘露醇治療青光眼有降低顱內(nèi)壓、藥物中毒排泄、滲透利尿等效果[7],但也極易誘發(fā)水電解質(zhì)紊亂、急性腎衰、急性肺水腫等不良反應(yīng),影響患者治療后康復(fù)。
我院針對(duì)接診的60例甘露醇治療青光眼后不良反應(yīng)實(shí)施對(duì)照組,分別以常規(guī)護(hù)理、常規(guī)護(hù)理加精細(xì)化護(hù)理處理,結(jié)果顯示加用精細(xì)化護(hù)理后可縮短不良反應(yīng)好轉(zhuǎn)或治愈時(shí)間,同時(shí)提高眼壓降幅,改善護(hù)理滿意率。精細(xì)化護(hù)理主要是針對(duì)常見的不良反應(yīng)如水電解質(zhì)紊亂、急性腎衰、急性肺水腫等提前預(yù)防護(hù)理,若出現(xiàn)后則積極做好處理,第一時(shí)間解決這些并發(fā)癥,從而避免其繼續(xù)惡化或影響治療[8]。
可見,甘露醇治療青光眼后不良反應(yīng)較多,積極實(shí)施精細(xì)化護(hù)理干預(yù)可以更好地治愈不良反應(yīng),并提高滿意率,使得降眼壓效果更佳。
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Analysis of the Nursing Measures for Adverse Reactions of Mannitol in the Treatment of Glaucoma
ZHAO Hongyu LI Xiaomin BAI Jianxue Department of Ophthalmology,F(xiàn)AW General Hospital,Changchun Jilin 130011,China
【Abstract】
Objective To study the nursing intervention for the adverse reactions that occurred after treating glaucoma with mannitol,so as to provide reference in clinic. Methods The 60 cases of glaucoma patients that were treated with mannitol in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table,with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine nursing,while the research group was applied with fine nursing on the foundation of the control group,and the decreasing amplitude of intraocular pressure,length of stay and nursing satisfaction between the two groups were compared after nursing. Results The patients’satisfaction of nursing and decreasing amplitude of intraocular pressure after nursing were higher in the research group than in the control group,but the length of stay was shorter in the former than in the latter,and the differences between the two groups were of statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion Treating glaucoma with mannitol was associated with great adverse reactions,and the active implementation of fine nursing intervention could better cure the adverse reactions and improve satisfaction,with better effect on reducing the intraocular pressure.
Mannitol,Glaucoma,Adverse reactions,F(xiàn)ine care
R473.77
A
1674-9316(2016)13-0215-02
一汽總醫(yī)院眼科,吉林 長(zhǎng)春 130011
研究組加用精細(xì)化護(hù)理干預(yù),措施如下:(1)急性肺水腫:老年患者應(yīng)減慢滴速與減少用量,并積極做好巡視,若有肺水腫癥狀,停止輸液,抬高床頭后按照醫(yī)囑予以強(qiáng)心與擴(kuò)血管治療;同時(shí),可采取20%乙醇濕化,加壓給氧,促進(jìn)肺泡泡沫破裂消散,恢復(fù)正常交換功能;(2)急性顱內(nèi)壓降低:用藥期間若有顱內(nèi)壓降低癥狀,停藥,若為急性患者則扶患者平臥,暫時(shí)禁止下床活動(dòng),并增加飲水,癥狀緩解后于家人或護(hù)理人員陪護(hù)下如廁。顱內(nèi)壓降低應(yīng)對(duì)其神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀變化進(jìn)行密切關(guān)注,叮囑做好陪護(hù)管理,避免墜床或跌倒[6];(3)急性腎衰:腎皮質(zhì)腫脹淤血、管腔狹窄等會(huì)加速腎損害,誘發(fā)急性腎衰竭,為此應(yīng)用甘露醇期間避免和乙酰唑胺與維生素C等聯(lián)用,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)腎功能監(jiān)測(cè),指導(dǎo)他們多飲水,調(diào)整飲食,以新鮮蔬菜與水果等為主,降低高糖與高脂飲食;(4)水電解質(zhì)紊亂:若有口渴、皮膚干燥、頭痛、尿量減少等,檢查是否出現(xiàn)水電解質(zhì)紊亂,若確實(shí)為水電解質(zhì)紊亂,則輸液處理,補(bǔ)充水電解質(zhì)與維生素,同時(shí)叮囑家屬加強(qiáng)觀察,飲水以少量多次為主,預(yù)防眼壓升高。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
觀察記錄兩組患者護(hù)理后眼壓降幅、住院時(shí)間、護(hù)理滿意率,并對(duì)比分析。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
將本次研究的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)錄入EXCEL 2010表格中,計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分比(%)表示,予以χ2檢驗(yàn),而計(jì)量資料則用(±s)表示,予以t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05作為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。