科技改變?nèi)松?1歲美女富豪煉成記

Kimberly+Weisul

傳統(tǒng)的驗(yàn)血方式總是很不舒服：扎前心情緊張，扎后胳膊疼，采血量大，花的銀子多。很多人在抽血時(shí)都暢想：若能有更舒適的檢測(cè)手段該多好！美國(guó)一位年輕女性不僅將之化為現(xiàn)實(shí)，發(fā)明出一種更舒適、更方便、更廉價(jià)的血檢方式，更借此成為全球最年輕的女富豪，她就是伊麗莎白·霍姆斯。與其他富豪不同，霍姆斯并不急于追求公司的快速擴(kuò)張，反而更專(zhuān)注于科學(xué)，因?yàn)樵谒睦?，挽救人?lèi)生命才是終極目標(biāo)。

Youd have to look really hard not to see Steve Jobs in Elizabeth Holmes. Both Holmes and Jobs were loners as kids. Both dropped out of college， in part， because they didnt see the virtue in an education they believed wouldnt make a difference in their futures. Like the Apple creator， Holmes has kept her company Theranos shrouded1） in secrecy. Jobs became a billionaire by the time he was 40. For Holmes， that moment came sooner. When Theranos was valued at $9 billion， she was not yet 31.

Of course， one obvious difference between them is that Holmes is a young woman in an environment that has long favored young men. But there are few entrepreneurs—of either gender—with Holmess record of accomplishment. Holmes didnt set out to become a role model； she set out to save lives. But now， as the worlds youngest female self-made billionaire， shes stumbled into this rarefied2） position and is beginning to own it.

Then there are the black turtlenecks. Most have assumed that Holmess sartorial3） choice is an eerie homage to Jobs. But it turns out， the black turtlenecks were inspired by Sharon Stone4）， who wore one to the 1996 Oscar ceremonies. As with many things in Holmess life， shes stayed with the look solely for reasons of efficiency： The turtlenecks eliminate early-morning decision making. Holmes has taken a similar life-hack5） approach to every aspect of her existence outside of her lab test company， which is minimal， given that the 31-year-old works seven days a week. She says she “doesnt really hang out with anyone anymore，” aside from her younger brother. She didnt take a vacation during the entire decade of her 20s and doesnt date. “I literally designed my whole life for this，” says Holmes in a strikingly baritone6） voice， her shoulders curled inward and hands clasped， the body language of someone who is fiercely protective and on guard. Talking to Holmes is a bit like talking to a politician—shes politely impenetrable7）， unspooling8） a stream of words without actually revealing very much.

Steve Jobs had massive ambition， but Holmess is arguably larger. While revolutionizing consumer technology is formidable9）， Holmes believes her company will actually save lives. Her diagnostic lab test upstart is aiming to disrupt a $75 billion industry， and to help grow it by another $125 billion. Theres the revolutionary nature of its science， as well as the transformational vision of its model. Theranos， now valued at $10 billion， has developed blood tests that detect hundreds of conditions and diseases from a couple of drops of blood from the finger， instead of tubes of blood from a vein in the arm. Holmes aims to enable anyone to get lab tests—for anything from cholesterol to cancer—on his or her own at a local pharmacy for no more than half of what Medicare10） would pay. Holmes believes that providing faster， more convenient， and less expensive access to lab tests will transform preventive medicine.

To get there， Holmes has taken the road less traveled， and what an exceptionally long road that is. Shes already spent a third of her life building an organization that is still in its early days. From its inception11） in 2003， she operated Theranos in stealth mode， bringing it out into the light only a year and a half ago. She thinks another 20 years is a reasonable time frame for her company to impact the masses worldwide. In many ways， she is the opposite of a serial entrepreneur12）. Shes a devoutly monogamous13） entrepreneur： For better or worse， in sickness and in health， she sees herself as having only one existential purpose. “Youre talking to someone who wants to do this her whole lifetime，” she says.

Holmes has come a long way14） since ditching Stanford at 20. At the time， there was no model for her to follow； it was 2004， years before dropping out of college and going westward was in vogue， and Holmes was hardly a coder raising money for the next big app. Most biotech founders had PhDs and years of experience； Holmes had neither. She hadnt even stuck around Stanford long enough to get her undergrad degree in chemical engineering.

From a young age， Holmes has always exhibited confidence. She led a solitary childhood， her family moving from Washington， D.C.， to Houston， where instead of forging friendships， shed sketch designs for time machines and collect insects. By the time she was a 15-year-old high school sophomore， she was spending her summers in California and had successfully pestered15） Stanfords administrators into allowing her to take a college-level Mandarin class. During her freshman year at Stanford， she nagged Channing Robertson， at the time a dean of engineering， until he let her into his lab， which was populated mostly with PhD students. “She would just stand in my doorway every day and say， ‘When are you going to let me into your lab？” says Robertson.

By the time she got in， Holmes knew she wanted to devote her lifes work to health care. Her ingenuity ultimately led her to the field of testing. The summer before her sophomore year， she worked at the Genome Institute of Singapore， doing SARS testing with traditional methods. At Stanford， shed been exploring lab-on-a-chip16） technology， which enables diverse results to be extracted from a minuscule17） amount of liquid on a microchip. By the time she returned to California in 2003， Holmes had developed a novel drug-delivery device—a wearable patch that could adjust dosage18） according to variables in the patients blood and update doctors wirelessly. She filed it for her first patent.

Holmes soon found herself spending more time talking to venture capitalists than in the classroom， and asked the then 59-year-old Robertson to advise her new company. He demurred19）. Hed been involved in about 40 startups， but never， he says， with one run by a 19-year-old. Her parents let her use the money theyd saved for her education as her first seed round of funding. She hired a couple of students from the lab and started building prototypes， and Robertson agreed to become her first adviser.

Even in those early days， it was clear Holmes was designing her company for the long term. She wasnt going to screw it up by building something suitable only for a quick flip， or slapping together20） a company that could be gutted21） by acquirers or investors who didnt share her priorities. Holmes made her task harder by insisting on keeping control of the company， of which she still owns more than half.

Holmess vision is to ultimately have Theranos wellness centers within five miles of every person in the United States—and to provide similar access throughout the world. Although shes a long way from that reality， over the past 18 months the momentum behind Theranos has been building. Theres the recent deal with the prestigious Cleveland Clinic22）， which will use Theranos technology to test its patients. In July 2015， Arizona passed the countrys first bill allowing patients to order blood tests without a prescription. And then theres the massive Walgreens23） deal.

Any of Theranoss advances could potentially transform the lab test industry. But Theranoss black-box approach has led to a slew of criticism. Competitors and some in the medical community complain the startup has revealed too little about how its tests work， and have called for Theranos to publish its studies in peer-reviewed journals. Holmes is unapologetic about not giving in to the critics. “I admit its very intentional，” she says. “We dont call on our competitors and explain how our technology works.” Instead， she says， Theranos is asking the Food and Drug Administration24） to approve each of its tests， something no other lab test company has done. In July 2015， it received its first FDA approval， for its herpes simplex25） 1 test.

For a scientist， Holmes has a notable relationship with her faith， drawing on it26） when the weeks in the lab are long and the criticism is loud. “My belief in God has played a huge role in everything that Ive done，” says Holmes. “When you dont have anybody to talk to and when youre going through something thats hard and believing that youre doing that because theres something greater thats going to come from it—that you cant even understand—that gives you the strength to keep going.” Board member Bill Frist says the way Holmes sees it， Theranos is her deeper calling. “Her purpose in life is very much on a different plane，” he says. “For her， its a tunnel. She knows right where she is in the tunnel， and she is dedicated to running through it and not paying much attention to the rest of the world.”

More recently， Holmes has tried dabbling27） with life outside the tunnel. Shes been speaking to groups of girls， encouraging them to excel academically. “This is just one of those areas where a glass ceiling28） shouldnt exist，” she says of entrepreneurship. “We change this for the next generation by our actions.” “It was a long time after I started this company that I realized that there had not been a sole female founder-CEO of a multibillion-dollar health care or technology company，” Holmes says， incredulous. “I didnt believe it. I still dont believe it.”

When it is noted that being “the only woman” can make for a very lonely career， Holmes， who typically has a long， winding answer for everything， replies with just a single word： “Yes.”

你不用仔細(xì)觀(guān)察，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)伊麗莎白·霍姆斯身上有史蒂夫·喬布斯的影子。霍姆斯和喬布斯小時(shí)候都不合群。他們都從大學(xué)輟學(xué)，部分原因是他們認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育不會(huì)對(duì)他們的未來(lái)產(chǎn)生影響，他們看不出這種教育有什么益處。像蘋(píng)果公司的創(chuàng)始人一樣，霍姆斯也一直讓她的公司Theranos籠罩在神秘之中。喬布斯在40歲時(shí)成為億萬(wàn)富翁。而對(duì)霍姆斯來(lái)說(shuō)，這一時(shí)刻來(lái)得更早一些，當(dāng)Theranos的估值達(dá)到90億美元時(shí)，她還未滿(mǎn)31歲。

當(dāng)然，他們兩人的一個(gè)明顯區(qū)別是，霍姆斯是一位在一向?qū)δ贻p男性有利的環(huán)境中打拼的年輕女性。不過(guò)，無(wú)論男性還是女性，很少有企業(yè)家達(dá)到她這樣的成就?；裟匪沟某霭l(fā)點(diǎn)并不是要成為楷模，而是要拯救生命。但如今，作為全球最年輕的白手起家的億萬(wàn)女富豪，她意外地站在了這個(gè)遠(yuǎn)超常人的位置上，并開(kāi)始擁有這一身份。

還有她的黑色高翻領(lǐng)毛衣。大多數(shù)人都想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為霍姆斯在著裝上的選擇是在以一種詭異的方式向喬布斯致敬。但實(shí)際上，她這樣穿是受莎朗·斯通的啟發(fā)，后者曾身著一件黑色高翻領(lǐng)毛衣出席1996年的奧斯卡頒獎(jiǎng)禮。跟她生活中的很多事一樣，霍姆斯之所以保持著這樣的裝束僅僅是出于效率上的考慮：有了高翻領(lǐng)毛衣，早上就不必花時(shí)間決定穿什么衣服了。在她實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)公司的工作之外，霍姆斯對(duì)自己生活的各個(gè)方面采取的都是類(lèi)似的簡(jiǎn)單省時(shí)的方式?？紤]到31歲的她每周工作七天，這種工作之外的生活其實(shí)微乎其微。她說(shuō)，除了弟弟之外，她“基本上不再和任何人一起消磨時(shí)光”。在二字頭的年齡，她整整十年沒(méi)有休過(guò)一次假，也從不約會(huì)?！拔艺娴拇蛩阋惠呑佣甲鲞@件事。”霍姆斯的嗓音異常低沉，她肩膀略向內(nèi)收，雙手緊握，這樣的肢體語(yǔ)言表明她的防護(hù)意識(shí)和戒備心非常強(qiáng)。同霍姆斯交談?dòng)悬c(diǎn)像跟政治家談話(huà)—她雖然禮貌，但很難讓人看透，滔滔不絕能講一連串的話(huà)，但其實(shí)沒(méi)有透露太多信息。

史蒂夫·喬布斯雄心勃勃，而霍姆斯的志向可以說(shuō)更為遠(yuǎn)大。雖然徹底變革消費(fèi)類(lèi)技術(shù)這項(xiàng)工作艱巨得讓人望而生畏，但霍姆斯認(rèn)為她的公司真的能夠挽救生命。作為診斷實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)行業(yè)的業(yè)界新貴，她的公司旨在打破這個(gè)有著750億美元規(guī)模的行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，并幫助其再增長(zhǎng)1250億美元。不僅Theranos實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)的模式具有變革性的前景，而且其所用的科技也具有革命性特點(diǎn)。Theranos公司如今的估值為100億美元。該公司開(kāi)發(fā)的驗(yàn)血技術(shù)不必從手臂靜脈抽取好幾試管的血液，只需從手指上采集幾滴血就能進(jìn)行成百上千種健康狀況及疾病的檢測(cè)?；裟匪沟哪繕?biāo)是使人人都能夠以不超過(guò)醫(yī)保支付額一半的費(fèi)用在當(dāng)?shù)厮幍曜孕羞M(jìn)行檢測(cè)，檢測(cè)涵蓋從膽固醇水平到癌癥的各個(gè)項(xiàng)目?；裟匪瓜嘈牛峁└鼮榭焖?、便捷和廉價(jià)的檢測(cè)方式將會(huì)改變預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)的面貌。

為了達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)，霍姆斯選擇了一條少有人走的路，那是一條極其漫長(zhǎng)的路。她用人生三分之一的時(shí)間創(chuàng)建的這家公司仍處于起步階段。從2003年Theranos成立伊始，她一直秘密地經(jīng)營(yíng)著這家公司，直到一年半以前，才將它帶入公眾的視野。霍姆斯認(rèn)為，她的公司要想在全世界范圍內(nèi)影響民眾生活，還需要20年時(shí)間—這是一個(gè)合理的時(shí)間預(yù)期。她在很多方面都與那些連續(xù)創(chuàng)業(yè)者截然不同。她是個(gè)一心一意要從一而終的企業(yè)家：無(wú)論順境還是逆境，無(wú)論健康還是疾病，她都認(rèn)為自己生存于世只有一個(gè)目的?！罢诤湍阏勗?huà)的是一個(gè)想把一生都獻(xiàn)給這項(xiàng)事業(yè)的人?！被裟匪拐f(shuō)道。

自20歲從斯坦福大學(xué)退學(xué)后，霍姆斯的事業(yè)取得了很大進(jìn)展。當(dāng)時(shí)并沒(méi)有可讓她效仿的榜樣。那是2004年，從大學(xué)退學(xué)去西部創(chuàng)業(yè)還要有幾年才會(huì)流行起來(lái)，而霍姆斯也不是那種為下一個(gè)大熱的app籌集資金的程序員。大多數(shù)生物科技公司的創(chuàng)始人都有博士學(xué)位和數(shù)年從業(yè)經(jīng)歷，而霍姆斯兩者皆無(wú)。她在斯坦福求學(xué)的時(shí)間不夠長(zhǎng)，連化學(xué)工程專(zhuān)業(yè)的本科學(xué)位都沒(méi)拿到。

霍姆斯從小就一直表現(xiàn)得很自信。她的童年很孤獨(dú)。她和家人從華盛頓特區(qū)搬到休斯頓后，她沒(méi)有去結(jié)交朋友，反而把時(shí)間花在畫(huà)時(shí)光機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)草圖和收集昆蟲(chóng)上。在她15歲讀到高二時(shí)，她有幾個(gè)夏天是在加州度過(guò)的，并且軟磨硬泡地成功說(shuō)服斯坦福校方準(zhǔn)許她修讀一門(mén)大學(xué)水平的中文課程。在斯坦福讀大一時(shí)，她沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地纏著當(dāng)時(shí)工程學(xué)院的院長(zhǎng)錢(qián)寧·羅伯遜，直到他讓她進(jìn)入他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，而當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里基本上都是博士生?！八刻炀驼驹陂T(mén)口問(wèn)我：‘什么時(shí)候讓我進(jìn)您的實(shí)驗(yàn)室？”羅伯遜說(shuō)。

一進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)室，霍姆斯就知道，她想把自己畢生之力奉獻(xiàn)給醫(yī)療保健事業(yè)。她的聰明才智最終指引她來(lái)到了檢測(cè)這一領(lǐng)域。大二前的那個(gè)夏天，她去了新加坡基因組研究所工作，利用傳統(tǒng)方法進(jìn)行非典檢測(cè)。在斯坦福時(shí)，她已經(jīng)在探索芯片實(shí)驗(yàn)室技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)能夠利用一塊微芯片從極少量的液體中獲得多項(xiàng)檢測(cè)結(jié)果。2003年，霍姆斯回到加州時(shí)，她已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出一種新型給藥裝置—一塊能夠根據(jù)患者血液指標(biāo)的變化調(diào)整藥量并向醫(yī)生無(wú)線(xiàn)發(fā)送最新情況的貼片。她為這項(xiàng)發(fā)明申請(qǐng)了她的第一項(xiàng)專(zhuān)利。

霍姆斯很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)她與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資人談合作的時(shí)間比她上課的時(shí)間還要多。她邀請(qǐng)時(shí)年59歲的羅伯遜當(dāng)她新公司的顧問(wèn)。他拒絕了。他說(shuō)他參與了大約40家創(chuàng)業(yè)公司的工作，但是沒(méi)有哪一家是由一個(gè)19歲的年輕人掌舵的?；裟匪沟母改竿獍阉麄?yōu)樗e攢的教育資金作為她的第一輪種子融資。她從實(shí)驗(yàn)室雇了幾個(gè)學(xué)生，開(kāi)始制作產(chǎn)品原型。羅伯遜最終同意當(dāng)她的首位顧問(wèn)。

即使在創(chuàng)業(yè)初期也能明顯看出，霍姆斯對(duì)她的公司是有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃的。她不想開(kāi)一個(gè)只適合短期發(fā)展的公司，或者草草拼湊一個(gè)公司，讓那些和她沒(méi)有共同首要目標(biāo)的收購(gòu)者和投資人把公司掏空，那樣的話(huà)就搞砸了。她堅(jiān)持掌握公司的控制權(quán)，目前她的持股比例仍然超過(guò)50%，這讓她的任務(wù)變得更加艱巨。

霍姆斯的愿景是最終將Theranos健康中心開(kāi)到距離每個(gè)美國(guó)人不到五英里的地方，并在全球范圍內(nèi)達(dá)到相似的普及程度。盡管離實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)還有很長(zhǎng)一段路要走，但在過(guò)去的18個(gè)月中，Theranos的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭一直在增長(zhǎng)。該公司最近與享有盛名的克利夫蘭醫(yī)學(xué)中心達(dá)成協(xié)議，后者將使用Theranos的技術(shù)為患者做檢測(cè)。2015年7月，亞利桑那州通過(guò)了全美第一個(gè)允許患者無(wú)需處方即可要求驗(yàn)血的法案。此外還有與沃爾格林公司達(dá)成的巨額交易。

Theranos取得的每一步進(jìn)展都有可能改變醫(yī)學(xué)檢測(cè)行業(yè)。但其秘而不宣的做法卻招致了大量批評(píng)。Theranos的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手以及部分醫(yī)療從業(yè)人員抗議說(shuō)，這家創(chuàng)業(yè)公司對(duì)于其檢測(cè)方式的工作原理透露得太少，他們要求Theranos將其研究發(fā)表在同行評(píng)審的期刊上?；裟匪箾](méi)有向批評(píng)者讓步，也不為此感到抱歉?！拔页姓J(rèn)這樣做是有意為之，”她說(shuō)，“我們不會(huì)去拜訪(fǎng)我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，向他們解釋我們的技術(shù)如何起作用?！迸c此相反，她表示，Theranos正在請(qǐng)美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局（FDA）對(duì)公司的每一項(xiàng)檢測(cè)技術(shù)進(jìn)行認(rèn)證，這是其他醫(yī)學(xué)檢測(cè)公司從未做過(guò)的。2015年7月，Theranos的單純皰疹病毒一型的檢測(cè)產(chǎn)品獲得了首個(gè)FDA認(rèn)證。

作為一名科學(xué)家，霍姆斯與其信仰的關(guān)系值得關(guān)注。實(shí)驗(yàn)室的工作漫長(zhǎng)，外界的批評(píng)聲響亮，每當(dāng)這時(shí)她都會(huì)訴諸信仰?！拔覍?duì)上帝的信仰在我所做的每一件事中都起到了巨大的作用，”霍姆斯說(shuō)，“當(dāng)你無(wú)人可以?xún)A訴，當(dāng)你正在經(jīng)歷困難，并相信自己之所以這樣做是因?yàn)閺闹袝?huì)產(chǎn)生更偉大的事物（即使你無(wú)法理解），那么這種信仰會(huì)給你堅(jiān)持下去的力量?！惫径聲?huì)成員比爾·弗里斯特表示，在霍姆斯看來(lái)，Theranos代表著她內(nèi)心更深層次的使命感?！八娜松繕?biāo)與常人大不相同，”他說(shuō)，“對(duì)她而言，人生就是一條隧道。她知道自己在這條隧道中的確切位置，她一心想穿過(guò)這條隧道，不太在意世界上的其他事?！?/p>

最近，霍姆斯開(kāi)始嘗試涉足“隧道”之外的生活了。她為女生團(tuán)體演講，鼓勵(lì)她們?cè)趯W(xué)術(shù)上出類(lèi)拔萃?！皩W(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域不過(guò)是不應(yīng)該存在‘玻璃天花板的領(lǐng)域之一，”談及創(chuàng)業(yè)時(shí)她這樣表示，“我們要通過(guò)自己的行動(dòng)為下一代改變這種現(xiàn)狀?！薄皠?chuàng)辦這家公司很久之后我才發(fā)現(xiàn)，在估值超過(guò)10億美元的醫(yī)療保健或科技公司中，從未有過(guò)一位女性創(chuàng)始人兼CEO?！被裟匪拐f(shuō)道，覺(jué)得不可思議，“當(dāng)時(shí)我不相信，現(xiàn)在依然無(wú)法相信?！?/p>

當(dāng)被指出作為這“唯一的女性”意味著她的職業(yè)道路會(huì)十分孤獨(dú)時(shí)，通常以冗長(zhǎng)迂回的方式回答所有問(wèn)題的霍姆斯只用了一個(gè)詞作答：“是的?！?/p>

1. shroud [?ra?d] vt. 掩蓋；掩飾；掩藏

2. rarefied [?re?r?fa?d] adj. 脫離普通人和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的

3. sartorial [sɑ?（r）?t??ri?l] adj. 服裝的；衣著的

4. Sharon Stone：莎朗·斯通（1958～），美國(guó)演員，代表作為《本能》（Basic Instinct）。

5. life-hack：能提高效率的；簡(jiǎn)單省時(shí)的

6. baritone [?b?r??t??n] adj. 男中音的

7. impenetrable [?m?pen?tr?b（?）l] adj. 費(fèi)解的；難以理解的

8. unspool [??n?spu?l] vt. （從線(xiàn)軸上）解開(kāi)

9. formidable [?f??（r）m?d?b（?）l] adj. 令人望而生畏的；艱巨的

10. Medicare：（美國(guó)的）老年醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度（指政府為65歲以上老人設(shè)置的醫(yī)療費(fèi)減免制度）

11. inception [?n?sep?（?）n] n. 開(kāi)端；初期

12. serial entrepreneur：連續(xù)創(chuàng)業(yè)者（接二連三創(chuàng)立新公司的企業(yè)家）

13. monogamous [m??n?ɡ?m?s] adj. 一夫一妻（制）的

14. have come a long way：取得進(jìn)步，取得進(jìn)展

15. pester [?pest?（r）] vt. 不斷煩擾；糾纏

16. lab-on-a-chip：芯片實(shí)驗(yàn)室，是一種在芯片上完成不同反應(yīng)并對(duì)其產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行分析的技術(shù)。

17. minuscule [?m?n??skju?l] adj. 極小的，微小的

18. dosage [?d??s?d?] n. （藥的）劑量，用量

19. demur [d??m??（r）] vi. 提出異議；拒絕

20. slap together：草草拼湊

21. gut [ɡ?t] vt. 搶劫；劫掠

22. Cleveland Clinic：克利夫蘭醫(yī)學(xué)中心，美國(guó)頂尖的綜合醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)，其心臟和心血管外科專(zhuān)業(yè)連續(xù)18年位列全美第一。

23. Walgreens：沃爾格林公司，美國(guó)一家食品、藥品零售連鎖企業(yè)

24. Food and Drug Administration：美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)FDA）

25. herpes simplex：[醫(yī)]單純皰疹

26. draw on sth.：利用，依賴(lài)（信息或知識(shí)）

27. dabble [?d?b（?）l] vi. 涉獵；淺嘗

28. glass ceiling：玻璃天花板（喻指職務(wù)晉升中無(wú)法逾越的隱形限制）