國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司電力科技館，北京，中國(guó)

國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司電力科技館，北京，中國(guó)

Electric Power Museum of the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), Beijing, China, 2015

該項(xiàng)目為新建市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及公共建筑工程，建設(shè)地點(diǎn)位于北京市西城區(qū)。用地西側(cè)臨菜市口大街，南側(cè)臨珠朝街，東側(cè)為代征城市規(guī)劃路，北側(cè)為文物保護(hù)建筑中山會(huì)館。可建設(shè)用地面積7478.57m2。規(guī)劃控制建筑高度60m（總高度）。北側(cè)距用地邊線30m范圍內(nèi)為文保建控區(qū)，建構(gòu)筑物控高5m。項(xiàng)目包括220KV變電站主廠房及電力科技館兩部分內(nèi)容。其中地下3～5層為變電站主廠房，地下二層以上為科技館及電力客服中心辦公用房。

變電站與科技館整體設(shè)計(jì)原則

該項(xiàng)目是2009年市政府重點(diǎn)工程中煤改電工程的主要站點(diǎn)，為北京舊城內(nèi)居民集中供暖的燃煤鍋爐更換為蓄熱式電鍋爐提供支持。通過(guò)該工程可在采暖季壓減燃煤，減少CO2、SO2，氮氧化物的排放。通過(guò)清潔能源集中供暖，有效積極改善北京舊城冬季的空氣質(zhì)量。

該項(xiàng)目是我國(guó)第一個(gè)對(duì)外開(kāi)放可供參觀的220KV運(yùn)行變電站，也是北京電力科技館最重要的展示廳之一。在設(shè)計(jì)前期，建筑師進(jìn)行了大量的調(diào)查研究工作和詳細(xì)的建筑策劃，最終確定根據(jù)“科技與科普、地上與地下、建筑外觀與展示內(nèi)容、固定展示與定期更新相結(jié)合”的設(shè)計(jì)原則，本設(shè)施工程將科技館與變電站作為一個(gè)整體進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。該項(xiàng)目是市政商業(yè)地塊混合利用的典型案例，為我國(guó)新常態(tài)下城市用地存量的優(yōu)化開(kāi)發(fā)提供了新思路。該項(xiàng)目也是工業(yè)建筑和民用建筑規(guī)范雙重應(yīng)用的典型案例，是北京第一個(gè)在地下220KV運(yùn)行變電站上整體建設(shè)的高層建筑，為后續(xù)城市用地存量?jī)?yōu)化積累了寶貴的技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

尊重古城城市空間序列設(shè)計(jì)原則

該項(xiàng)目建設(shè)用地為北寬南窄斜梯形，北側(cè)用地紅線外為文物保護(hù)建筑中山會(huì)館，規(guī)劃要求有30m建控區(qū)。總平面布局充分考慮用地北側(cè)文物建筑的空間尺度。設(shè)計(jì)將12層主體建筑布置在用地南側(cè)，沿菜市口大街以簡(jiǎn)潔、大尺度的入口空間為主；北側(cè)布置6層裙房，建控區(qū)內(nèi)以綠化停車(chē)為主，結(jié)合部分室外出入口及通風(fēng)井等低矮構(gòu)筑物保持舒展、低矮的老城尺度空間，成為南北區(qū)域的過(guò)渡空間。建筑由若干小體塊組合而成，此舉消解了對(duì)城市歷史街區(qū)的視覺(jué)壓迫，同時(shí)形成了豐富的建筑表情。

建筑表皮設(shè)計(jì)體現(xiàn)城市歷史記憶與現(xiàn)代科技交融的設(shè)計(jì)原則

建筑表皮設(shè)計(jì)致力于體現(xiàn)建筑與城市發(fā)展的關(guān)系，在材料的使用上采用具有歷史感的石材與現(xiàn)代節(jié)能玻璃幕墻相結(jié)合的處理手法，不同材料交融砌筑，應(yīng)對(duì)周邊城市環(huán)境肌理。淡雅的洞石、深邃的啡鉆花崗巖主要用在菜市口大街界面，電力科技館在城市其他高層現(xiàn)代建筑群中顯得分外優(yōu)雅。石材幕墻表皮開(kāi)洞設(shè)計(jì)暗合中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)紋樣神韻，是4.2m×4.2m的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)板塊，在工廠實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)拼裝后再運(yùn)抵施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行整體掛裝。Low-e玻璃外墻和晶瑩剔透的雙鋼化夾膠超白玻璃，和歷史街區(qū)相呼應(yīng)，讓建筑反射天光云影和胡同院落，給人以平面胡同院落延伸生長(zhǎng)到立面的視覺(jué)感受。□

1 外景/Exterior view

2 外景/Exterior view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人/Principal in Charge: 莊惟敏/ZHUANG Weimin設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 莊惟敏，張維，杜爽等/ZHUANG Weimin, ZHANG Wei, DU Shuang, et al.

合作/Collaborators: 北京市電力設(shè)計(jì)院/Beijing Power Design Institute

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 7502.90m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 47,767.75m2（地上/Aboveground: 24,880.80m2，地下/Underground: 22,886.95m2）

建筑高度/Height: 60m

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2009-2011

竣工時(shí)間/Completion: 2015.12

攝影/Photos: 姚力/YAO Li

3 總平面/Site plan

4 外景/Exterior view

5 鳥(niǎo)瞰圖/Aerial view perspective

6 草圖/Sketch

7 地下五層平面/Floor -5 plan

8 地下四層平面/Floor -4 plan

9 地下三層平面/Floor -3 plan

10 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

Located in Xicheng Dis., Beijing, this project is a newly-built civil infrastructure and a public building. the site is to the east of Caishikou Rd., to the north of Zhuchao Rd., to the west of a planning road, and to the south of Zhongshan Guild Hall, which is protected as a cultural heritage. the parcel area is 7478.57m2, with a maximum gross height of the building restricted to 60m, except for the area within the range of 30m from Zhongshan Guild Hall, where no permanent construction shall exceed 5m. the project consists of two parts, part one is a 220KV transformer substation on basement level 3-5, on top of which is part two, a science museum and the customer service center.

Integration of the transformer substation and the museum

the project was a major transformer substation for Beijing 2009 "Coal to Electricity" project, one of the most important engineering projects of Beijing municipal government aimed at replacing collective coal burning boilers with regenerative electric boilers. this "Coal to Electricity" project is expected to cut down coal heating consumption in winter and reduce emission of CO2, SO2and nitrogen oxide. As a result, air quality in urban Beijing would be improved due to the enlarged collective use of clean energy.

The project is the first 220KV transformer substation in China that has a visitor's route open to the public. It is also one of the most important exhibition space in Beijing Electricity Science and Technology Museum. In the beginning of design process, the architect conducted massive surveys and made detailed programming plan. Eventually, a comprehensive design was proposed which put the museum and the transformer substation together as a whole, based on the concept of combinations of "science and technology and its popularization", "above and beneath the ground", "cladding and exhibition" and "permanent and renewable display". the SGCC Museum is a pioneer example of mixed use of infrastructure and commercial land, which provides new approach to optimize urban land storage in the New Normal time. In addition, it is a typical example of double application of both industrial and civil building code in China. It is also the first high-rise public building located above an underground 220KV transformer substation in Beijing. In conclusion, it provides a pioneer technical experience to deal with urban land storage problems.

Respect for space pattern of ancient Beijing city

The SGCC Museum's site is trapezoid in shape, of which the north side is wider than the south. To the north of the site lies Zhongshan Guild Hall, which is protected as a cultural heritage. Within the range of 30m from Zhongshan Guild Hall is the construction-restricted area. The master plan takes into consideration of the cultural heritage building and set the 12-floor main building on the south part of the side so as to make more space for it. Along Caishikou Rd., the exterior of the building is simple to show a large-scale entrance space. On the north part of the site there is a 6-floor podium building. To the north of the podium building is the constructionrestricted area. In this area there are outdoor facilities such as green space, parking lots, entrances and exits, ventilation shafts, etc. These low rise constructions keep the pattern of ancient Beijing city's urban fabric and serve as a buffer zone between the SGCC Museum and Zhongshan Guild Hall. Moreover, the SGCC Museum consists of several small volumes, which dispel the visual tension of the huge building and enrich the shape of the building.

Building envelop that reflects city history and modern technology

The design of building envelop aims at reflecting the relationship between architecture and urban development. In terms of material, stately stone, which provides a sense of history, is used in combination with modern glass curtain wall, which represents contemporary technology. This combination of materials responds to the complicated self-growing surrounding urban fabric. The simple and elegant travertine and deep and stately Baltic brown are mainly used on west facade in order to make the museum elegantly stands out from surrounding modern high-rise buildings. The stone curtain wall, with the pattern of openings on the wall reflecting traditional Chinese decorative pattern, has a standard 4.2m wide and 4.2m tall unit and is installed on site after pre- fabrication in factory. Low-E glass and double layered tempered and laminated super white glass respond to historic urban area and reflect sky and Hutong view, which provides a sense that the Hutong grows from ground to the building's facade.□

11 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

12 三層平面/Floor 2 plan

13 四層平面/Floor 3 plan

14 五層平面/Floor 4 plan

評(píng)論

邵韋平：城市織補(bǔ)與開(kāi)放

相對(duì)于業(yè)已成熟的建筑類(lèi)型，國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司電力科技館項(xiàng)目是在北京市“煤改電”這樣特定技術(shù)與社會(huì)背景下產(chǎn)生的“跨界建筑”。項(xiàng)目位于北京南城老區(qū)——《城南舊事》故事發(fā)生地，基地周邊正在進(jìn)行大規(guī)模城市更新，高層住宅和商業(yè)建筑環(huán)繞，基地西側(cè)緊鄰菜市口大街，北面是一座文化保護(hù)建筑“中山會(huì)所”。項(xiàng)目在嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕ㄖ邉澲蜗逻M(jìn)行了功能整合與空間拓展的嘗試，將220KV變電站主廠房與電力科技館兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)，將“閑人免進(jìn)的禁地”通過(guò)建筑語(yǔ)言巧妙地轉(zhuǎn)變成“科普課堂”。廠房與科技館在空間上是共有的，但同時(shí)也是各自自成體系的。原本內(nèi)向的空間特性在跨行業(yè)技術(shù)的支撐下得到了最大限度的開(kāi)放，建筑可能性得到了拓展。高層建筑主體空間面向4個(gè)方向出挑并敞開(kāi)，既有環(huán)境與新建建筑在視覺(jué)上產(chǎn)生互動(dòng)。出挑部分的底面采用高反射材料，將古老的城市環(huán)境融合到新建建筑中。建筑一方面完整地向公眾呈現(xiàn)出特定歷史時(shí)期的城市功能形態(tài)；另一方面在滿足技術(shù)條件的基礎(chǔ)上，建筑師通過(guò)尺度的控制、空間組合與立面材料的搭配保證了新建筑與老城區(qū)文化肌理的融合與再生。國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司電力科技館項(xiàng)目的策劃與實(shí)施過(guò)程為可持續(xù)發(fā)展背景下城市用地存量?jī)?yōu)化開(kāi)發(fā)提供了新思路，是城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共建筑土地混合共享應(yīng)用的典型案例，是在地下變電站上整體建設(shè)的高層建筑。

Comments

SHAO Weiping: Urban patching and openness

Compared to mature building types, the Electric Power Museum of the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) can be considered as a "trans-boundary" project. Located in the old district of south Beijing – where My Memories of Old Beijing took place, the site's surrounding area is experiencing large-scale urban renovation, with rapid growth of high-rise residential and commercial blocks. To its west is the Caishikou Street, and to its north a cultural-conservation building, the Zhongshan Club. Under strict architectural programming, the project made attempts at functional integration and spatial expansion, combining the 220KV substation powerhouse with the museum and deftly transforming a "staff-only" restricted area into a popular science classroom through architectural vocabulary. the powerhouse and the museum share the same space, while each maintaining its own system. Supported by trans-boundary technology, the originally introvert space achieved utmost openness, thus its architectural potential is considerably expanded. the main space of the high-rise building is open to all four directions, creating visual interactions between the new building and the existing environment. The undersides of the projecting parts employ high-reflective material to fuse the new building with old urban setting. On the one hand, the project presents its urban function as a whole to the public; on the other hand, having fulfilled technical requirements, the architect guaranteed both the new building's integration with the old city's cultural texture and their regeneration by means of scale control, spatial composition and disposition of facade materials. the SGCC Electric Power Museum's programming and implementation explored new ways of thinking for the optimization of urban land stock in the context of sustainable development. It is a typical case of joint application of urban infrastructure and public construction land, as well as an integrated design of high-rise buildings above the substation. (English translation by LIU Chen)

15 外景/Exterior view

16.17 幕墻詳圖/Detail of curtain wall

18.19 立面細(xì)部/Fa?ade detail

20 外景/Exterior view