Academic Regalia1

Betty Liu

每逢大學(xué)畢業(yè)季，網(wǎng)上總會涌現(xiàn)各類畢業(yè)生穿著學(xué)位服所拍的照片，或搞笑，或奇幻，把一成不變的長袍禮帽別出心裁地展現(xiàn)出來。然而這一身身看似沉悶的畢業(yè)禮服可是歷史悠久，每處細(xì)節(jié)都有講究，必須一絲不茍，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)如學(xué)術(shù)研究。且待講解員從頭到腳，細(xì)細(xì)道來。

It is graduation season right now, which means that graduates everywhere are donning2their academic regalia. This means sporting the traditional “cap and gown,” consisting of a robe,hood, cords, and the cap with a tassel.3. sport: v. 惹人注目地穿戴；cap and gown: 方帽長袍，指學(xué)位服；robe: 長袍；hood: 垂布；cord:（兩頭帶流蘇的）編繩；tassel: 流蘇。With all of these traditions for academic dress, one might wonder, what are the origins of this academic dress? What do all the different parts represent? What do all of the colors mean? Hopefully, this article can address some of these questions.

The history of academic regalia goes all the way back to the middle ages in Europe when the first universities were starting to emerge.During this time, many of the scholars were monks and priests, who generally wore long gowns and had shaved heads.4. monk: 僧侶，修道士；priest:牧師，教士；shaved: 剃光的。Another possible reason that this style of dress emerged as the costume of choice was

2. don: 穿上。because most universities consisted of drafty stone buildings,making it so that long gowns and hoods were required to keep warm in the winters.5. 這種風(fēng)格的服飾成為約定俗成的裝束的另一個可能原因是，當(dāng)時大多數(shù)大學(xué)都是通風(fēng)的石砌建筑物，因此長袍和套頭的垂布就成了冬日里保暖的必需。drafty: 通風(fēng)良好的。Later on in 1321, this style of dress was formalized with a statute of the University of Coimbra in England requiring scholars to wear gowns.6. formalize: 使（計劃、決定或想法）正式化，使定型；statute: 規(guī)章。This was also extended in the late 14th century when other English colleges required their scholars to wear gowns.

博士生學(xué)位服

Today, each country has its own requirements for academic dress, but it is still very similar to the traditional robes.In America, there has since emerged a detailed code for standardizing the minutia7. minutia: 細(xì)節(jié)。of academic dress for different institutions. These details are based on a variety of factors,including education level, the field of study, honors earned, etc.While some colleges stray away from these generally accepted standards, most institutions still adhere to the basic guidelines.8. 雖然某些院校偏離了那些廣為接受的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，大部分機構(gòu)仍然秉承基本準(zhǔn)則。stray away: 偏離；adhere to: 堅持，擁護。

To start off9. to start off: 從一開始。, there is a standard for the type of robe one wears.For individuals with a Bachelor’s degree, the robe is worn closed and the sleeves are square at the end. For masters, the robe can be worn opened or closed and the sleeves are oblong10. oblong: 橢圓的。instead of square. Doctoral graduates have yet another style of robe, with a trim depicting the field of study (for example, dark blue for Ph.D,scarlet for Th.D).11. trim: 飾邊；depict: 描繪；Ph.D:Doctor of Philosophy，哲學(xué)博士；scarlet: 深紅的；Th.D: Doctor of Theology，神學(xué)博士。These robes can be worn opened or closed and feature bell shaped sleeves with three velvet bands12. velvet band: 天鵝絨條帶。. Most often these robes are black, but occasionally schools decide to use their school colors instead. One example of this is Princeton University,which offers an orange and black gown, representing the school’s of ficial colors. Other schools that do this include Harvard (which has crimson13. crimson: 深紅色的。robes) and Yale (which has blue robes) among many others.

Along with the gown, academic regalia also features a hood to wear. Generally the outside of the hood is black, the interior lining of the hood is the color of the institution, and the trim is colored depending on the major of the individual.14. 通常，垂布的外面是黑色的，內(nèi)襯是院校的代表色，而飾邊的顏色則依個人的專業(yè)而定。There is an intercollegiate15. intercollegiate: 大學(xué)間的。standard determining what major each color represents.For example, Education is light blue, Agriculture is maize,Economics is copper,16. maize: 黃色的，玉米色的；copper: 銅色的。and so on. The length of the hood corresponds to17. correspond to: 與……相對應(yīng)。the degree, with higher levels of education being represented by a longer hood. In some cases,individuals with Bachelor’s degrees do not wear a hood.Often times, honor cords are also worn with regalia. These are twisted cords with a tassel at the end that represent academic achievement.

Finally, no academic regalia is complete without the mortarboard cap18. mortarboard cap: 學(xué)位帽。. This consists of a square board laid horizontally and attached to a skull cap.19. horizontally: 水平地；skull cap: 頭蓋帽。There is a tassel attached to the top of this hat. In many ceremonies, the tassel is worn on one side of the cap until the diploma20. diploma: 畢業(yè)證書，學(xué)位證書。is received, after which the tassel is moved to the other side of the hat. However, for many masters and doctoral students, the tassel stays on the left for the entire ceremony.

Betty（右）和朋友