中尉花園，斯德哥爾摩，瑞典

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：燕妮·亞爾馬松+ ?WL建筑事務(wù)所

中尉花園，斯德哥爾摩，瑞典

L?jtnantg?rden，Stockholm，Sweden，2008

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：燕妮·亞爾馬松+ ?WL建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: Jenny Hjalmarsson+?WL Arkitekter

讓人有尊嚴(yán)地老去

創(chuàng)造美好的生活條件早就是建筑設(shè)計(jì)的要點(diǎn)之一。本項(xiàng)目中的公寓和整體環(huán)境都經(jīng)過了縝密的考量，它折射出的價(jià)值包含了尊嚴(yán)、社區(qū)和家的感覺。

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目的護(hù)理負(fù)責(zé)人與建筑師之間需要密切的合作。此外，不同知識(shí)的結(jié)合對(duì)于思想的創(chuàng)新是至關(guān)重要的。

要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一個(gè)良好的護(hù)理環(huán)境，就得理解老年人需求的復(fù)雜性。他們會(huì)有各種健康方面的問題，因此需要專業(yè)人士的護(hù)理和照料。創(chuàng)造高品質(zhì)護(hù)養(yǎng)院需要考慮很多重要的因素，最基本的是員工的工作方法、態(tài)度和能力。我們相信只有具備合理的條件和良好的員工工作環(huán)境才能實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人的職責(zé)是在每一寸設(shè)計(jì)上都為建筑師提供所需的知識(shí)，建筑師再融入自身的知識(shí)和創(chuàng)造力，共同讓中尉花園護(hù)養(yǎng)院的設(shè)計(jì)聞名遐邇！

設(shè)計(jì)的重要因素

現(xiàn)在被稱為中尉花園的護(hù)養(yǎng)院屬于一處普通的出租公寓，住戶大部分為老年人，也有少量學(xué)生。社交空間和公共區(qū)域是合用的，這就讓護(hù)養(yǎng)院的住戶成為一個(gè)集體，而不是各自獨(dú)居。應(yīng)該以這種方式建造更多的老年之家！

家的氛圍

怎樣才能讓一個(gè)地方成為家？根據(jù)瑞典的規(guī)定，護(hù)養(yǎng)院所有的住戶都要有自己的公寓。公寓是個(gè)人的區(qū)域，可以安置自己的家具、窗簾。如果喜歡，還可以加上照片、畫作和其他裝飾。根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，創(chuàng)造屬于個(gè)人的空間對(duì)營造家的感覺是非常重要的。房間的色彩方案是中性、米色的。老年人需要有活力或能放松的顏色，但必須是喜歡的顏色，與個(gè)人的性格相符，才能讓人有家的感覺。房間的顏色也是由住戶選用的家具、裝飾枕、床罩、毯子和窗簾形成的。所有的公寓都有一個(gè)實(shí)用的小廚房，因?yàn)槲覀兇蠖鄶?shù)人都希望至少能為客人準(zhǔn)備一些飲品。衛(wèi)生間不僅有馬桶、洗臉盆和淋浴，還有個(gè)人的洗衣機(jī)。

連接表面/共享空間

我們希望能在共享空間中創(chuàng)造家的感覺，而現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果已經(jīng)超過了預(yù)期。我們是怎樣做到的？首先，建筑師設(shè)計(jì)了分開的廊道和開放空間，用于社交、會(huì)面或休憩。其次是室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)，功能是永遠(yuǎn)不能妥協(xié)的，例如所有的布置都必須能拆卸和清洗，但色彩和圖案可以大膽一些。人是會(huì)受色彩影響的。它能起到正面的作用，啟發(fā)對(duì)話和活動(dòng)。色彩還能帶來寧靜與平和，幫助放松。我們有目的地嘗試色彩，緩解朝向的作用，使人在連接表面的不同位置放松或興奮。

花園

室外活動(dòng)是生活品質(zhì)的一個(gè)重要方面。在這里，花園被設(shè)計(jì)為方便進(jìn)入的，鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)セ顒?dòng)，讓人去感受鮮花吐芽，品味芳草氣息?；▓@的設(shè)計(jì)是景觀建筑師安娜·弗蘭克和項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人燕妮·亞爾馬松合作完成的，這也是中尉花園的花園贏得贊譽(yù)的重要原因。（尚晉 譯）

1 中庭/Atrium

2 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

3 內(nèi)景/Interior views

A Possibility to Age with Dignity

Already in the planning of the property，the focus was on creating conditions for a good life. This is a project where the apartments and the entire environment have been thought out and reflect values including dignity，community and sense of home.

To reach the goal we found out that there was a need for close collaboration between the project manager for care and the architects. We also found out that combining our different knowledge was crucial in bringing forward new ideas.

To be able to create a good environment for care one must understand the complex needs of an aging person，who is likely to have different healthrelated disabilities and therefore needs professional help from nursing and care staff. There are many important factors in creating a high quality nursing home，not least the approach，the attitude and the competence of staff. We believe that one can never reach the target without the right conditions and a good working environment for staff.

The project managers' role was to provide all this knowledge to the architects in every centimeter of the design，while the architects contributed their own knowledge and creativity； together，we made L?jtnantsg?rden a nursing home famous for its design！

Important Aspects of the Design

L?jtnantsg?rden，as the nursing home is now called，is one part of a property which also rents out ordinary apartments，mostly for seniors but also available to a few students. Social spaces and common areas are used jointly，which makes the residents in the nursing home part of a context instead of being isolated in "the home". More homes for elderly should be built this way！

Homely Atmosphere

4 內(nèi)景/Interior views

What makes a place a home？ According to Swedish regulation all residents in the nursing home are provided with a separate apartment. The apartment is the tenant's own private area where he or she can bring in their own furniture，curtains，as well as photographs，paintings and other decorations if they like. According to our knowledge the possibility to create personal space is important for one to feel at home. The color scheme of the rooms is neutral，off-white and beige. Older people need colors for stimulation or relaxation，but it must be a color that one likes，something that matches one's personality and makes one feel at home. The room's color is created by the furniture，decorative pillows，bedspreads，blankets and curtains that the tenant fills his or her room with. All apartments are equipped with a functional kitchenette，because most people prefer to offer their potential guests at least something to drink. Each bathroom is not only provided with a toilet，a basin and a shower，but also has its own laundry machine.

The Joint Surfaces/The Shared Spaces

We wanted to create a homely atmosphere in the shared spaces as well，and we can now say that we succeeded beyond expectations. How did we succeed？ First，in the architectural design，there are separate corridors and open spaces for social interaction and meetings or just a place to sit down. Second is the interior design. One must never compromise on function； all fabrics must be removable and washable，for example，though one may bring in bold colors and beautiful patterns. People are affected by colors，which can give positive associations as well as stimulate conversations and activities. Colors can also create calm and tranquility and help with relaxation. We tried to use colors with a purpose: to ease orientation，to make people relax or excited in different parts of the joint surfaces.

The Garden

Outdoor activities are an important aspect in the quality of life. At L?jtnantsg?rden the garden is designed to be accessible，to stimulate people to participate in various activities，and to become a place where everyone should be able to watch flowers blossom，taste fine herbs and breathe fresh scents.The garden is created through a close collaboration between the landscape architect Anna Frank and the project manager Jenny Hjalmarson，and has played an important part in L?jtnantsg?rden's good reputation.

5 內(nèi)景/Interior views

6 內(nèi)景/Interior views

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Jenny Hjalmarsson，Tomas ?sberg

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Design: Anna Frank

面積/Area: Approx. 9000m2

造價(jià)/Cost: 220，000，000 SEK

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2000-2008

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2005-2008

攝影/Photos: 林婧怡/LIN Jingyi （fig. 1，3，6），李廣龍/LI Guanglong （fig. 4，5），Jenny Hjalmarsson （fig. 7，8）

評(píng)論

周燕珉：這所設(shè)施最為顯著的特征是中部的圓形內(nèi)庭院。通過院方和設(shè)計(jì)者的潛心經(jīng)營，內(nèi)庭院不僅為居住者提供了觸碰自然、感受四季變化的場(chǎng)所，也帶給參觀者和前來咨詢?nèi)胱〉睦先肆己玫牡谝挥∠蟆ＴO(shè)施在建筑空間環(huán)境上十分重視安全性與實(shí)用性，通過便捷合理的流線設(shè)計(jì)和巧妙的視線設(shè)計(jì)，使空間更加符合老人的使用需求和護(hù)理人員服務(wù)管理的需求。瑞典作為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)、物質(zhì)生活水平很高的高福利國家，在建設(shè)養(yǎng)老設(shè)施時(shí)并沒有將重點(diǎn)放在無謂的裝潢上，而是爭(zhēng)取讓每一寸空間、每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都實(shí)用、合理。這點(diǎn)特別值得我們學(xué)習(xí)。

程曉青：“尊嚴(yán)、社區(qū)和家的感覺”是本案例試圖傳達(dá)的核心理念，在這里看不到老年建筑中常見的無障礙設(shè)計(jì)，取而代之的是充滿家庭感的家具陳設(shè)、溫馨的室內(nèi)色彩和生機(jī)勃勃的花園，尊重個(gè)性、鼓勵(lì)參與、為使用者“留白”，體現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)者對(duì)老年人需求的真正了解，將細(xì)致的專業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)隱藏于無形，令人忘卻這是一處老年公寓。從本質(zhì)上來說，其實(shí)老年建筑并不是一個(gè)特殊的設(shè)計(jì)類型，所不同的是其需要更多的理解和用心。

7-8 內(nèi)景/Interior views

Comments

ZHOU Yanmin: The most remarkable feature of this facility is the circular garden at its core. Carefully operated by both the project manager and the architects，this inner courtyard not only provides a place for the residents to touch nature and feel the changing of seasons，but also leaves a fine first impression on the visitors and prospective elderly tenants. The facility lays great emphasis on security and practicality in spatial environment，which，with its conveniently devised circulation and cleverly designed views，better fulfills the needs of elderly tenants as well as the service management demand of the nursing staff. As a high welfare state with advanced economy and living standard，Sweden does not lavish on unnecessary trappings in its construction of elderly-care facilities； instead，it tries to put every inch of space and every detail into reasonable functions. This is particularly worthy of our study.

CHENG Xiaoqing: "Dignity，community，and the sense of home" are the core concepts that this project tries to convey. Here one does not see the barrier-free design commonly adopted in elderly facilities； instead，there are domestic furnishings，warm interior colors and a thriving garden. Personality is respected，participation is encouraged，and much flexibility is reserved for the users； all this reflects the designer's genuine understanding of the elderly people's demands. Careful，professional approaches are concealed to the point of being intangible，so that one no longer realizes that this is an apartment for elderly people. Essentially speaking，elderly facilities are not a special type of architectural design，the only difference being that it requires more understanding and attention.