朱紅艷 李先明 楊夫臣等
摘要 [目的]建立砂梨抗枝干輪紋病的鑒定方法。[方法]采用輪紋病菌菌絲塊、分生孢子懸浮液分別以離體和活體接種砂梨1年生枝條,比較發(fā)病時間、發(fā)病率、調(diào)查時間和接種工作量,并采用菌絲塊針刺接種活體枝條的方法對德勝香×西子綠的223株F1代群體進行抗性評價。[結果]以菌絲塊針刺法接種活體枝條發(fā)病率高、接種效果最好,可充分評價梨樹對枝干輪紋病的抗性。采用菌絲塊針刺接種活體枝條的方法,德勝香×西子綠的223株F1代群體中高抗單株有33株,抗性單株有41株,中抗單株有83株,感病單株有31株,高感單株有35株。[結論]試驗結果為砂梨抗枝干輪紋病育種提供了參考。
關鍵詞 砂梨; 枝干輪紋病; 抗性評價
中圖分類號 S436.612.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2015)20-162-02
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to establish one identification method for trunk ring rot disease of sand pear. [Method] The resistant evaluation of individual plant was inoculated with mycelia disc and spore suspension in vitro and in vivo, and disease time, disease rate, investigation method and inoculated work amount were compared. The resistance identification of 223 F1 plants of Deshengnxiang×Xizilv was identified with mycelia disc in vivo. [Result] The disease incidence and index with mycelia disc was higher than that of the spore suspension, and the disease incidence and index of in vivo was also higher than that of in vitro, which suggested that inoculation with mycelia disc in vivo was fit for resistance identification of trunk ring rot disease of sand pear. Among 223 F1 plants of Deshengnxiang×Xizilv, 33 F1 plants were high resistant; 41 plants were resistant; 83 plants were middle resistant, 31 plants were sensitive and 35 plants were high sensitive. [Conclusion] The results provide reference for resistant breeding of sand pear to trunk ring rot disease.
Key words Sand pear; Trunk ring rot disease; Resistant identification
梨是我國近年來發(fā)展迅速的水果之一,其栽培面積和總產(chǎn)量在國內(nèi)位居第3位。在生產(chǎn)上,梨輪紋病是最嚴重的病害之一。尤其在南方砂梨產(chǎn)區(qū),由于高溫、高濕的氣候條件易于輪紋病的發(fā)生,且主栽品種對輪紋病抗性弱,輪紋病發(fā)生尤其嚴重[1]。輪紋病病原菌為Botryosphaeria. dothidea (Moug :Fr) Ces&De Not,主要為害枝干和果實,導致枝干粗皮、果實腐爛,嚴重影響樹勢和果實產(chǎn)量。近年來,隨著砂梨套袋技術的普及,果實輪紋病的發(fā)生較輕,果農(nóng)對輪紋病的防治也不重視,從而導致枝干輪紋病的發(fā)生日益嚴重。挖掘抗性資源、培育抗性品種是解決生產(chǎn)上輪紋病危害最有效的方法[2]。為此,筆者以輪紋病菌菌絲塊、分生孢子懸浮液針刺接種砂梨1年生離體和活體枝條,通過對發(fā)病時間、發(fā)病率、調(diào)查時間、接種工作量的比較確定了一種砂梨對枝干輪紋病抗性的接種方法,根據(jù)發(fā)病癥狀的嚴重程度制定了抗性分級標準,并以該評價體系對德勝香×西子綠的F1代群體223株進行了抗性評價,旨在為砂梨抗枝干輪紋病的QTL定位提供借鑒。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
供試砂梨品種(單株):德勝香、西子綠、德勝香×西子綠的F1代群體223株,其中德勝香為高抗枝干輪紋病品種,西子綠為高感枝干輪紋病品種。分別將德勝香、西子綠及223株F1代單株以砧木嫁接,每個單株(品種)嫁接5棵,供抗性評價。
1.2 方法
1.2.1
輪紋病菌的分離與培養(yǎng)。采集西子綠發(fā)病枝條病瘤,以75%乙醇消毒30 s后,無菌水漂洗,置于PDA培養(yǎng)基上,28 ℃光照培養(yǎng),2 d后可見輪紋病菌菌絲長出。挑菌落邊緣菌絲置于新的PDA培養(yǎng)基上培養(yǎng),以備抗性鑒定。
1.2.2
接種方法。
1.2.2.1
分生孢子懸浮液接種。輪紋病菌接種于PDA培養(yǎng)基上,28 ℃普通光照培養(yǎng)5 d后,置于25 W黑光燈下培養(yǎng),誘導產(chǎn)孢[3]。待分生孢子長出后,取分生孢子器加無菌水研磨,紗布過濾,制成孢子液,以顯微鏡鏡檢,調(diào)孢子濃度為1×105個/ml。將每根梨樹枝條以細針輕刺3個點,各點之間距離約為10 cm,再以噴霧接種輪紋病菌分生孢子懸浮液,接種后用保鮮膜覆蓋保濕。