斷奶母豬不同背膘對(duì)定時(shí)輸精生產(chǎn)效果的影響

劉朝陽(yáng) 崔茂盛 趙子墨 鄭梓 付永利 李奎 李寧 陳亮 李千軍

摘 ? ?要：背膘是衡量母豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)體況高低的重要指標(biāo)，對(duì)母豬繁殖性能有較大影響。本試驗(yàn)以妊娠率、窩均產(chǎn)仔數(shù)和弱仔數(shù)為分析指標(biāo)，探討斷奶母豬高背膘（P2>20 mm）、中高背膘（16 mm≤P2≤20 mm）、中低背膘（12 mm≤P2<16 mm）和低背膘（P2<12 mm）對(duì)定時(shí)輸精生產(chǎn)成績(jī)的影響，為豬場(chǎng)定時(shí)輸精生產(chǎn)中母豬背膘精準(zhǔn)調(diào)控提供理論依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明，妊娠率表現(xiàn)為中高背膘>中低背膘>高背膘>低背膘，其中中高背膘組與高背膘組差異顯著（P<0.05），低背膘組與其他3組差異均顯著（P<0.05）;窩均產(chǎn)仔數(shù)表現(xiàn)為中高背膘>高背膘>中低背膘>低背膘，組間差異均顯著（P<0.05）;高、中高、中低和低背膘組斷奶母豬的窩均弱仔數(shù)分別為1.55，1.49，1.56和1.70，組間差異均不顯著（P>0.05）。綜合而言，斷奶母豬中高背膘厚即16≤P2≤20 mm的斷奶母豬繁殖性能最佳，而背膘厚大于20 mm或小于12 mm均會(huì)降低母豬妊娠率和產(chǎn)仔數(shù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：背膘;定時(shí)輸精;妊娠率;產(chǎn)仔數(shù);弱仔

中圖分類號(hào)： S828;S814 ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼： A ? ? ? ? DOI 編碼：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.06.005

Abstract： Backfat is an important index to assess the sow nutritional status， which has a great influence on reproductive performance. In the present study， the pregnancy rate， litter size and weak piglet per litter size were used as indexes to investigate the effects of high （P2>20mm）， medium-high （16≤P2≤20mm）， medium-low （12≤P2<16） and low backfat （P2<12mm） on the performance of timed insemination in weaned sows， which were expecte to provide a theoretical basis for precise regulation of sows backfat during timed insemination in pig farms. The results in pregnancy rate were expressed as： medium-high backfat >medium-low backfat >high backfat > low backfat and the difference between the high backfat group and the medium-high backfat group were significant（P<0.05）， and the difference between the low backfat group and the other three groups was significant（P<0.05）. The results of litter size showed as medium-high backfat > high backfat > medium low backfat > low backfat， and the difference between groups was significant（P<0.05）. The weak piglets per litter size of weaned sows in the high， medium-high， medium-low and low backfat groups were 1.55， 1.49， 1.56 and 1.70， respectively， and there were no significant difference between groups（P>0.05）. In a word， weaned sows with medium-high backfat thickness（16≤P2≤20 mm） had the best reproductive performance， while those with backfat thickness more than 20 mm or less than 12 mm could reduce the pregnancy rate and litter size.

Key words： backfat; timed insemination; pregnancy rate; litter size; weak piglet

目前經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬定時(shí)輸精技術(shù)通常為在斷奶后24 h肌注1 000 IU的孕馬血清（PMSG），再過72 h 后肌注100 μg的促性腺素釋放激素（GnRH），之后24 h第1次人工輸精，再過16 h后進(jìn)行第2次人工輸精[1]。豬定時(shí)輸精是近幾年開始推廣的繁殖新技術(shù)，使原有的連續(xù)生產(chǎn)模式轉(zhuǎn)換為間隔分明、規(guī)律明顯的批次生產(chǎn)模式。該生產(chǎn)模式的轉(zhuǎn)變具有提高豬群健康水平、減少藥物投入、提升母豬繁殖性能，增加產(chǎn)仔數(shù)以及提高員工勞動(dòng)效率、降低生產(chǎn)成本等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)[2]。在經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬的定時(shí)輸精生產(chǎn)中，有2種外源生殖激素（孕馬血清和促性腺激素釋放激素）協(xié)助母豬發(fā)情、卵泡發(fā)育和排卵，促進(jìn)了母豬繁殖性能的提高[3]。豬場(chǎng)的這種生產(chǎn)模式源于工業(yè)批次化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、模式化管理，能夠充分挖掘豬場(chǎng)母豬的生產(chǎn)潛能，充分利用各種生產(chǎn)資源，提高豬場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益[4]。