陳祥
動詞短語是指動詞與介詞或副詞等搭配而構成的固定短語,為各地中考命題者所青睞,是歷年中考必考的熱點內(nèi)容之一。 本文擬結合近年部分地區(qū)的中考真題,對五類動詞短語進行一一解讀,供同學們復習時參考。
一、對“動詞+介詞”類短語的考查
這類動詞短語主要有:agree with; argue with; ask for; begin with; belong to; care about; care for; come from; deal with; depend on; fall behind; fall off; get off; get on; get to; hear from; hear of; laugh at; listen to; look after; look at; look for; look like; look through; take after; wait for等。這類短語均應被視為及物動詞,其賓語不管是名詞還是代詞,都只能放在介詞之后,而不能放在動詞和介詞之間。
【真題1】(2014年撫州卷) Li Yan is a helpful girl. She always my little sister while Im away.
A. looks for B. takes after
C. looks afterD. runs after
【分析】句意為:李燕是個樂于助人的女孩。在我外出時她總是照顧我的妹妹。look after意為“照看,照顧”,符合題意。選C。
【真題2】(2014年南京卷) —Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and my bowls and dishes.
—He should be careful next time.
A. knocked offB. took off
C. showed offD. turned off
【分析】句意為:昨天湯姆走過我的餐桌,撞翻了我的碗和菜。knock off意為“撞翻”,符合題意。選A。
【真題3】(2014年遂寧卷) We are planning to go for a picnic this weekend, but it the weather.
A. keeps onB. puts on
C. depends on
【分析】句意為:我們正計劃這個周末去野餐,但由天氣決定。depend on意為“依靠,依賴”,符合題意。選C。
二、對“動詞+副詞”類短語的考查
這類動詞短語主要有:break down; break off; cheer up; clean up; come out; eat up; find out; fix up; get back; give away; give out; give up; hand in; hand out; look over; look up; move away; pass on; pick out; put away; put off; put on; put out; put up; run off; run out; sell out; set up; stay up; take away; take off; take out; think over; try on; turn on / off; turn up / down; use up; wake up; work out; write down等。如果這類短語后面的賓語是名詞,名詞可放在副詞之前,也可放在副詞之后;如果其賓語是代詞,則代詞只能放在動詞和副詞之間。
【真題1】(2014年濱州卷) Smoking is bad for your health. Youd better .
A. set it upB. give it up
C. pick it upD. look it up
【分析】句意為:吸煙有害健康。你最好戒煙。give up意為“放棄”,符合題意。選B。
【真題2】(2014年安順卷) Spring has come. We cant the plan. The trees must be planted this week.
A. put offB. make up
C. come up withD. look up
【分析】句意為:春天已經(jīng)來了。我們不能推遲計劃。本周必須栽上這些樹。put off意為“推遲”,符合題意。選A。
【真題3】(2014年曲靖卷) —Look! There is some fish left. Its a waste of food.
—We should .
A. put it outB. sell it out
C. drink it upD. eat it up
【分析】句意為:——看!還剩下一些魚。太浪費食物了。——我們應該把它吃光。eat up意為“吃光,吃完”,符合題意。選D。
【真題4】(2014年廣州卷) —Do you want to eat here?
—No. Just fish and chips to , please.
A. get awayB. take away
C. send awayD. throw away
【分析】句意為:——你想在這兒吃嗎?——不,只要打包的魚和炸土豆條。take away意為“拿走,帶走”,符合題意。選B。
三、對“動詞+副詞+介詞” 類短語的考查
這類動詞短語主要有:catch / keep up with; come up with; do well in; get out of; go on / along with; keep out of; look down on / upon; look forward to; run out of; stay away from等。這類短語動詞均應視為及物動詞,其賓語必須放在介詞之后。
【真題1】(2014年重慶A卷) We should think of others if we want to them.
A. get on well with
B. hear of
C. get ready for
D. hear from
【分析】句意為:如果我們想跟別人融洽相處,就應該為他們著想。get on well with意為“與……相處融洽”,符合題意。選A。
【真題2】(2014年濰坊卷) —Have you seen the film Coming Home directed by Zhang Yimou?
—Not yet. Im seeing it. Its said the film is great!
A. looking down onB. looking out for
C. looking up toD. looking forward to
【分析】句意為:——你看過張藝謀導演的電影《歸來》了嗎?——還沒有。我期待看一看。據(jù)說這部電影很棒!look forward to意為“期待,盼望”,符合題意。選D。
【真題3】(2014年菏澤卷) “Learning from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now. We need to a plan about it.
A. come up withB. put up
C. call upD. set up
【分析】句意為:現(xiàn)在離“雷鋒日”僅有兩周了。我們需要為此想出一個計劃。come up with意為“想出,提出(答案、主意、解決辦法等)”,符合題意。選A。
四、對“動詞+名詞+介詞” 類短語的考查
這類動詞短語主要有:have a look at; make friends with; make fun of; make room for; make use of; pay attention to; play a joke on sb.; say goodbye to; take care of; take part in; take pride in等。這類短語也應視為及物動詞,其賓語必須放在介詞之后。
【真題1】(2013年呼和浩特卷) When you visit a museum you should the instructions and dont be against them.
A. compare withB. look forward to
C. pay attention toD. try out
【分析】句意為:當你參觀博物館的時候,你應當注意參觀須知并且不要違反。pay attention to意為“注意”,符合題意。選C。
【真題2】(2014年臨沂卷) When you are swimming, your ears. You can use earplugs (耳塞) to stop water getting into your ears.
A. take afterB. take part in
C. take offD. take care of
【分析】句意為:當你游泳的時候,注意保護好耳朵。你可以用耳塞來阻止水進入你的耳朵。take care of意為“照顧,注意,關心”,符合題意。選D。
五、對“be +形容詞+介詞” 類短語的考查
這類動詞短語主要有:be afraid of; be amazed at; be angry with; be busy with; be careful of; be different from; be familiar with; be famous for; be far from; be filled with; be friendly to; be full of; be good at; be good for; be late for; be popular with; be proud of; be similar to; be strict in / with; be surprised at; be worried about; be / become interested in等。這類短語中的動詞都是系動詞be,短語的賓語也必須放在介詞之后。
【真題1】(2014年宜賓卷) The old man was so the good news that he couldnt say a word.
A. interested inB. excited about
C. afraid ofD. worried about
【分析】句意為:那位老人聽到這個好消息后是如此興奮,以至于說不出話來。be excited about 意為“對……感到興奮”,符合題意。選B。
【真題2】(2014年山西卷) —Mum. I did best in our group discussion today.
—Well done! I you.
A. am mad atB. am patient with
C. am proud of
【分析】句意為:——媽媽,今天我在小組討論中表現(xiàn)最好。——做得好!我以你為榮。be proud of意為“為……自豪,以……為榮”,符合題意。選C。
【真題3】(2014年烏魯木齊卷) The scarf which is silk soft and comfortable.
A. made from; feelsB. made of; feels
C. made in; smellsD. made up of; smells
【分析】句意為:這個絲綢圍巾摸起來柔軟而又舒適。be made of意為“由……制成”,從制成品還能看得出原材料是什么;feel在此為感官動詞,表示事或物“(令人)感覺起來(怎么樣)”,其主語多為表示事或物的名詞或代詞。選B。
強化訓練:
從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
1.My father is a simple man and he doesnt his clothes.
A. care forB. care about
C. take careD. take care of
2. Its cold outside. Youd better your coat.
A. put onB. take off
C. put awayD. take after
3.I wanted to by telling her the good news.
A. cheer on herB. cheer her on
C. cheer up herD. cheer her up
4.—Michael, your bedroom is in a mess.
—Sorry, Mum. Ill my things at once.
A. put onB. put away
C. put outD. put up
5.The salt soon. Im going to buy some tomorrow.
A. runs outB. runs out of
C. is running outD. is running out of
6.He was because of his laziness.
A. looked down on
B. looked out of
C. looked forward to
D. looked up and down
7.—I have trouble in learning math this term.
—You should Pauls advice.
A. compare withB. look forward to
C. pay attention toD. try on
8.We should afterclass activities more often.
A. take careB. take part in
C. take afterD. take care of
9. Most of my classmates dont like to talk with their parents, but I am them. I love to talk with my parents.
A. the same asB. different from
C. interested inD. angry with
10.—My spoken English is poor. What shall I do?
—Join an English language club to practice, youll it.
A. be good atB. drop in
C. be good forD. deal with
Key:
1~5 BADBC 6~10 ACBBA